眼蕈蚊属害虫危害金线莲的首次报道(英文)

兰科Orchidaceae植物金线莲Anoectochilus roxburghii(Wall.)Lindl是一种在中国广泛使用的中草药.本文首次报道两种迟眼蕈蚊属害虫危害金线莲,即Bradysia impatiens(Johannsen,1912)和Bradysia ocellaris(Comstock,1882)....     

Community structure and antifungal activity of actinobacteria in a fungus-growing termite

1. Fungus-growing termites cultivate the fungal mutualist Termitomyces as their main food source; however, how fungus-growing termites protect Termitomyces from threats is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the actinobacterial communities in Odontotermes formosanus individuals and their fungal combs.
2. Moreover, the antifungal activities of the isolated actinobacteria were tested. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that the actinobacteria in O. formosanus and its fungal combs belong to 5 classes, 17 orders, 40 families, and 84 genera.
3. The relative abundance of Coriobacteriia in the nymphs, young workers, old workers, and soldiers was higher than that in the queens and fungal combs, and the relative abundance of class Actinobacteria in the queens and the fungal combs was higher than that in the nymphs, young workers, old workers, and soldiers.
4. Based on antifungal bioassays, 3 strains of Amycolatopsis and 2 strains of Streptomyces isolated from old workers had strong inhibitory activity against Xylaria angulosa but weak inhibitory activity against Termitomyces sp.
5. These results indicated that the actinobacteria of O. formosanus may contribute to protecting termite fungal food via their asymmetric antifungal activities.

     

Identified taste bud cell proliferation in the perihatching chick [published erratum appears in Chem Senses 1998 Aug;23(4):459]

Developing taste buds in the anterior mandibular floor of perihatching chicks were studied by high voltage electron microscopic autoradiography in order to identify proliferating gemmal cell types. Montaged profiles of 29 taste buds in five cases euthanized between embryonic day 21 and posthatching day 2 were analyzed after a single [3H]thymidine injection administered on embryonic day 16, 17 or 18. Results showed that dark cells comprised 55% of identified (n = 900 cells) and 62% of labeled (n = 568 cells) gemmal cells as compared with light, intermediate, basal or perigemmal bud cells. Dark cells had both a greater (P < 0.05) number of labeled cells and a greater amount of label (grains/nucleus) than the other four bud cell types, irrespective of injection day. The nuclear area (micron 2) of dark cells was not significantly larger (P > 0.05) than that of the other gemmal cell types and therefore cannot account for the greater amount for label in the dark cells. Interestingly, only dark cells showed a positive correlation (P < 0.003) between amount of label and nuclear area. Results suggest that, during the perihatching period of robust cell proliferation, dividing dark cells may give rise primarily, but not exclusively, to dark cell progeny.      

Groundwater quality evaluation using the water quality index (WQI), the synthetic pollution index (SPI), and geospatial tools: a case study of Sujawal district,Pakistan

Abstract

Under changing climate scenario, groundwater aquifers in the coastal areas of Pakistan are under serious threat. Looking at the gravity of the problem, and concerns of the civil society, this study was conducted to evaluate and map the quality of groundwater in the Sujawal district, a coastal area of Pakistan based on the physicochemical analysis of 94 samples using two standard numerical models and geospatial techniques. The WQI model revealed that 2.13%, 6.38%, 55.32%, 22.34%, and 13.83% of water samples were excellent, good, poor, very poor, and unsuitable for drinking purposes. Also, the SPI model identified that 32%, 13.83%, 20.12%, 18.1%, and 15.95% of samples were slightly polluted, moderately polluted, highly polluted, suitable, and unsuitable. Though the model's input is different, the proportionate of ranking revealed a significant correlation (R²=0.78) between the outcomes of both models. Overall, the study revealed that groundwater in most of the areas does not meet WHO guidelines. The prevalence of water-related diseases in the area suggests that groundwater is contaminated and using that water is of high risk for human health. The study highlights the significance of using numerical models and geospatial techniques for water quality evaluation in the coastal areas of the world.