三种苦瓜多糖的体外发酵特性比较研究

采用体外发酵技术评价分段醇沉提取的3种苦瓜多糖(MCP1、MCP2和MCP3,乙醇终浓度分别为45%、60%和75%)对三元猪盲肠食糜的发酵特性和发酵产物的影响。于不同发酵时间点记录产气量,48 h后检测发酵液pH值、NH3和短链脂肪酸(SCFA)含量。结果表明,MCP1和MCP2发酵动力学参数最优,显著优于葡萄糖和空白对照组(P0.05);MCP2和葡萄糖组pH值最低,MCP1和葡萄糖组的NH3含量最低;葡萄糖组的丙酸、异丁酸和SCFA总量显著高于其它各组(P0.05);MCP2的乙酸、异丁酸和SCFA总量显著高于其它多糖组(P0.05)。结果提示,MCP1和MCP2是2种理想的可被盲肠微生物利用的碳源,并可改变微生物发酵产生的SCFA含量与组成。     

中等强度跑台运动预防去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松

目的观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用。方法将30只3月龄未经产雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢运动三个组。去卵巢运动组每周进行4次时间45min、速度18m/min、坡度5°的跑台训练。实验结束时,检测血清雌二醇（E2）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）和骨钙素（BGP）水平以及右侧游离股骨和胫骨的骨密度（BMD）和骨矿物含量（BMC）;同时观察左侧股骨远端和胫骨近端组织形态学变化。结果与假手术组比较,去卵巢静止组大鼠血清ALP活性和BGP含量显著升高,血清TRAP活性和E2含量显著下降,股骨近段和远端以及胫骨近端BMD和BMC显著下降,股骨远端和胫骨近端骨小梁断裂增加、数目减少;与去卵巢静止组比较,去卵巢运动组大鼠血清E2和BGP含量显著上升,股骨三个部位以及胫骨近端BMD和BMC显著增加,股骨远端和胫骨近端骨小梁断裂减少、数目增加。结论中等强度跑台运动能增加去卵巢大鼠血清E2和BGP含量,改善去卵巢大鼠骨组织学结构。     

不同生存条件下东方田鼠肝脏基因表达谱分析

目的比较实验室条件下饲养的东方田鼠和野外捕捉东方田鼠肝脏的基因表达差异,寻找可能参与肝脏病变的关键基因。方法以实验室条件饲养的东方田鼠和野外捕捉东方田鼠为研究对象,分别抽提RNA,逆转录成cDNA,体外转录为cRNA并进行片段化;利用表达谱芯片分别进行杂交,扫描后筛选差异基因,并应用real-time PCR方法对部分基因的表达水平进行进一步测定,验证芯片数据的结果。结果实验室饲养东方田鼠肝组织与野外捕捉东方田鼠相比,共有99个基因和41个EST差异表达。其中参与机体代谢的基因占主导,约占35.4%;其次为参与信号通路的基因,约占24.2%;参与细胞周期和免疫的基因分别占6.1%和3.0%。结论利用基因表达谱芯片初步筛选了可能参与东方田鼠脂肪肝形成过程的基因,发现机体代谢通路的基因占主导,肝脏中细胞色素家族基因表达差异明显。     

成体干细胞临床应用研究

干细胞是一类具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的细胞,其处于未定向分化状态并具有增殖能力.成体干细胞多向分化潜能,安全性好而在临床应用报道逐渐增多,本文总结了1998-2008年的成体干细胞临床应用的实例报道,以期为临床科研人员和患者提供信息支持.     

过表达Nanog基因的小鼠骨髓间质干细胞对NF-κB表达的影响

核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB) 的激活被认为与中枢神经系统变性疾病的进展有关。新近报告Nanog能抑制NF-κB的表达,为验证这一发现,通过限制性内切酶酶切和基因重组的方法,构建携带Nanog基因的重组慢病毒表达载体质粒pNL-Nanog-IRES2-EGFP,经PCR检测以及测序鉴定后,在脂质体介导下与包装质粒HELPER、包膜质粒VSVG共转染293T细胞包装生产慢病毒。所获慢病毒感染小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞 (mMSCs) 后,Western blotting法检测在mMSCs中Nanog 基因的表达,PCR、Western blotting和免疫细胞化学法检测NF-κB基因的表达。结果显示所克隆的Nanog基因测序结果与GenBank报道序列完全一致。构建的慢病毒载体质粒PNL-Nanog-IRES2-EGFP经Sal I和BamH I双酶切后电泳鉴定正确。所获慢病毒感染mMSCs后荧光激发mMSCs可见绿色荧光,Western blotting检测显示Nanog-mMSCs 组表达Nanog,其他两组基本不表达。RT-PCR和Western blotting检测显示Nanog-mMSCs组的NF-κB表达较空载体-mMSCs组及mMSCs组低,有显著性差异。构建携带Nanog基因慢病毒载体并在小鼠骨髓间质干细胞中成功表达,Nanog基因的表达可抑制NF-κB表达,这结果为神经变性疾病的治疗提供了新思路。     

Complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with Shigella flexneri 2a

Background

On most common microarray platforms many genes are represented by multiple probes. Although this is quite common no one has systematically explored the concordance between probes mapped to the same gene.

Results

Here we present an analysis of all the cases of multiple probe sets measuring the same gene on the Affymetrix U133a GeneChip and found that although in the majority of cases both measurements tend to agree there are a significant number of cases in which the two measurements differ from each other. In these cases the measurements can not be simply averaged but rather should be handled individually.

Conclusion

Our analysis allows us to provide a comprehensive list of the correlation between all pairs of probe sets that are mapped to the same gene and thus allows microarray users to sort out the cases that deserve further analysis. Comparison between the set of highly correlated pairs and the set of pairs that tend to differ from each other reveals potential factors that may affect it.     

Physical and chemical cues affect oviposition by Neoleucinodes elegantalis

Recognition and acceptance of a suitable host plant by phytophagous insects requires the integration of visual, physical and chemical cues. The present study investigates the host cues that a specialist insect integrates to optimize oviposition decisions and whether these cues are weighted in a specific way. The study also determines whether the tomato fruit borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an important pest on Solanaceae in Brazil, shows a preference for oviposition sites that differ in physical and/or chemical cues. When styrofoam balls are provided as artificial fruits, N. elegantalis deposit significantly more eggs on rough artificial fruits than on smooth ones. Hexane fruit extracts applied to the artificial fruits stimulate female oviposition strongly. Physical and chemical cues also affect the oviposition of females when offered together. Furthermore, certain parts of the artificial fruits are prefered, irrespective of the presence of chemical cues. Both physical and chemical cues affect oviposition decisions; hence, the fruit borer relies on cues of different sensory modalities.     

Sensitivity and fidelity of DNA microarray improved with integration of Amplified Differential Gene Expression (ADGE)

Background  

The ADGE technique is a method designed to magnify the ratios of gene expression before detection. It improves the detection sensitivity to small change of gene expression and requires small amount of starting material. However, the throughput of ADGE is low. We integrated ADGE with DNA microarray (ADGE microarray) and compared it with regular microarray.