花耳科二新种

本文报道了产于中国的花耳科Dacrymycetaceae二个新种,即莽山胶角菌Calocera mangshanensis Liu et Fan和云南花耳Dacrymyces yunnanensis Liu et Fan。     

黑腹菌属二新种

本文报道了中国产的黑腹菌属Melanogaster(黑腹菌科 Melanogastraceae,黑腹菌目 Melanogastrales,担子菌亚门Basidiomycotina)二新种:山西黑腹菌Melanogaster shanxicnsis Liu,K.Tao et Chang和倒卵孢黑腹菌M.obouatisporus Liu,K.Tao et Chang并对中国已报道过的黑腹菌属内的种进行了讨论。     

Biomass and production of phyto- and bacterio-plankton in eutrophic Lake Tystrup, Denmark

SUMMARY.

• 1 Phytoplankton primary production and biomass were compared with bacterial secondary production estimated by means of frequency of dividing cells (FDC) in eutrophic Lake Tystrup. Denmark.
• 2 In the upper part of the photic zone, bacterial secondary production constituted 12% of the carbon fixed by the phytoplankton. In vertical profiles, bacterial secondary production ranged from 7.6% (early spring) to 121% (during August) of the carbon fixed by the algae.
• 3 A close relationship was found between occurrence and activity of bacteria and algae, suggesting that released organic products are of primary importance to the bacteria.
• 4 The annual phytoplankton primary production was estimated as 227 g C m^-2 compared to 102 g C m^-2 assimilated by the bacteria, so 45% of the carbon fixed by the phytoplankton went through pelagic bacteria.

     

十二指肠内胆盐对胃肌电和运动的影响及其神经机制探讨

本文观察了牛磺胆酸钠(ST)灌入小鼠十二指肠后胃肌电快波、慢波和胃收缩波的变化,并对其神经机制作了探讨。用胃壁双电极和胃内水囊-压力换能器法将胃电和胃运动信号输至放大器,然后由记录仪及电子计算机对该信号进行记录、采集、贮存和处理。以5min为单位,计算出灌注 ST 前、后胃电快波、慢波和收缩波频率与总幅度变化的百分数。结果为:十二指肠灌注 ST(n=10)后,胃电快波频率、幅度和收缩波幅度明显抑制。腹腔神经丛麻醉,利血平化和碳酰胆碱可消除 ST 引起的抑制效应。酚妥拉明不能去除该抑制效应,心得安可部分消除 ST 的抑制效应。上述结果表明,十二指肠灌注 ST 对胃电快波和胃运动有抑制效应,并提示该抑制效应的神经传出途径可能为交感肾上腺素能纤维,由β受体介导。     

假芝属一新种

文报道了1988年5月采自香港的假芝属 Amauroderma 的一个新种,命名为香港假芝 Amauroderma hongkongense Fan et Liu,模式标本保存在山西大学真菌标本室。     

马鞍菌属新种和新记录Ⅱ.

本文报道了近年来在中国发现的马鞍菌属 Heluella 的3个新种,即蛟河马鞍菌H.Jiaohensis,吉林马鞍菌 H.jilinensis 和新疆马鞍菌 H.xinjiangensis;3个新记录种即肋盖马鞍菌 H.costifera,长孢马鞍菌 H.oblongispora 和灰黑马鞍菌 H.rivularis。此外由于亚梭孢马鞍菌 H.subfusispora 的模式标本于1984年在火中被毁,因此作者在另一份标本(HMAS 30483)的基础上为其标定了新模式(Neotype)。     

Myxinidocotyle gen.n. and Lophocotyle Braun (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Acanthocotylidae) with descriptions of three new species from hagfishes (Chordata, Myxinidae)

Three new species of monogencans parasitizing hagfish are described: Myxinidocotyle californica gen. et sp.n., M. japonica sp.n. and Lophocotyle novaezeelandica sp.n. The pseudohaptor of Myxinidocotyle has 8+8 transverse ridges that never attain the radial arrangement characterizing Lophocotyle and Acanthocotyle . There are no sclerites in the pseudohaptoral ridges of Myxinidocotyle and Lophocotyle . The male reproductive system of Myxinidocotyle and Lophocotyle differs from that of Acanthocotyle in having a bilateral accessory gland apparatus and an armed copulatory organ. The femrle reproductive system has a large vaginal receptaculum scminis; in Myxinidocotyle with two vagino-intestinal canals. The uterine pore and the male genital pore are close together and the vaginal pore is situated posterior to them, on the left ventral side of the body. We conclude that Myxinidocotyle, Lophocotyle and Acunrkocotyle represent different levels of acanthocotylid evolution. Myxinidocotyle being the most primitive. The family Acanthocotylidac is divided into the subfamilies Myxinidoeutylinae subfam.n., Lophocotylinae and Acanthoeutylinae.     

东亚钳蝎氯毒素通过下调PKM2介导的有氧糖酵解抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖活性

东亚钳蝎氯离子通道毒素(Buthus martensii Karshch chlorion channel toxin,BmK CT)是一类短链神经毒素,在体内和体外均能有效抑制神经胶质瘤细胞侵袭和增殖。然而,BmK CT抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖活性的机制尚不清楚。本研究采用代谢组学的方法探索BmK CT抑制人脑神经胶质瘤细胞增殖的分子机制。首先,通过蛋白质表达纯化获得带有谷胱甘肽S转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)标签的BmK CT蛋白和GST蛋白。利用圆二色谱检测两种蛋白质均具有α-螺旋二级结构,并且融合蛋白质GST-BmK CT热稳定性较好。通过噻唑蓝(methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, MTT)法检测GST-BmK CT对神经胶质瘤细胞(U251和A172)增殖的影响。结果显示,与GST处理组相比,1μmol/L GST-BmK CT处理组对U251细胞的抑制率更明显(U251细胞19±1.1 vs. 2.25±0.95,P<0.001, 48 h; A172细胞12±1.4 vs. 2.25±1.25,P<0.001, 48 h)。利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分析鉴定出细胞内的63种代谢物,通过通路分析和聚类分析证实,GST-BmK CT处理影响神经胶质瘤细胞的有氧糖酵解。根据峰面积统计数据显示,GST-BmK CT处理降低胞内丙酮酸的含量。GST-BmK CT处理组相比GST组,明显下调胞外培养基的乳酸分泌(16.33±3.78 vs. 35.6±2.31,P<0.001, 48 h),葡萄糖消耗(2.04±0.09 vs. 2.64±0.04,P<0.05, 48 h)和胞内腺苷三磷酸(ATP)含量(633.79±0.001 vs. 5392.71±266.67,P<0.05, 48 h)。结果表明,GST-BmK CT通过下调胶质瘤细胞有氧糖酵解水平降低ATP的生成。实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹结果显示,GST-BmK CT降低U251细胞丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase M2, PKM2)在转录水平和翻译水平的表达,进一步发现GST-BmK CT通过下调低氧诱导因子(hypoxia inducible factor-1α, HIF-1α)降低PKM2在转录水平的表达。以上结果表明,BmK CT通过下调HIF-1α的表达,降低PKM2介导的有氧糖酵解从而抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖活性。     

水温对刀鲚幼鱼耗氧率、窒息点、血糖及肌肝糖元指标的影响

实验测定了不同水温条件下刀鲚(Coilia nasus)幼鱼的耗氧率和窒息点,并对耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及水温对刀鲚幼鱼血糖及肌肝糖元指标的影响进行了研究,旨在为刀鲚运输、养殖生产中制定合理的放养密度和养殖工艺提供参考依据.结果表明:在试验水温(16℃～28C)条件下,刀鲚幼鱼的耗氧率随水温的升高而增大,耗氧率(R)与水温(T)的回归方程为R=0.988T2-32.36T+343.7,相关系数为0.96;刀鲚幼鱼的耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰出现在7:00,低谷在21:00;刀鲚幼鱼的窒息点与水温显著相关,窒息点A(mg·L-1)与水温T(℃)的回归关系为A=0.9397T0.8001,R2=0.98.刀鲚幼鱼血清中血糖含量在水温16℃～24℃阶段保持相对稳定,血糖含量在17.24 ～ 19.79 mmol·L-1,肌肉和肝脏糖元含量均呈波浪式变动;但在水温24℃～28℃阶段,血糖含量随水温上升而显著升高,而肌肉和肝脏糖元含量均显著降低.