Biomass and production of phyto- and bacterio-plankton in eutrophic Lake Tystrup, Denmark

SUMMARY.

• 1 Phytoplankton primary production and biomass were compared with bacterial secondary production estimated by means of frequency of dividing cells (FDC) in eutrophic Lake Tystrup. Denmark.
• 2 In the upper part of the photic zone, bacterial secondary production constituted 12% of the carbon fixed by the phytoplankton. In vertical profiles, bacterial secondary production ranged from 7.6% (early spring) to 121% (during August) of the carbon fixed by the algae.
• 3 A close relationship was found between occurrence and activity of bacteria and algae, suggesting that released organic products are of primary importance to the bacteria.
• 4 The annual phytoplankton primary production was estimated as 227 g C m^-2 compared to 102 g C m^-2 assimilated by the bacteria, so 45% of the carbon fixed by the phytoplankton went through pelagic bacteria.

     

区域气温和降水对关帝山不同海拔华北落叶松径向生长的耦合效应

为揭示区域气温和降水在不同海拔对山地林区林木径向生长的耦合效应,在关帝山林区孝文林场和庞泉沟国家自然保护区外围4个不同海拔选取立地条件相似的华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.)人工林设置调查样地,采集典型样木样芯,采用建立年表的方法,获取年轮宽度指数,结合区域气温和降水进行相关性分析和单年分析。结果表明:在研究地区4个海拔上华北落叶松的径向生长均与区域气温和降水量有密切关系,但不同海拔响应机制不同;在1600 m海拔处,年轮宽度指数与当年4月气温极显著负相关,与当年9月降水量显著正相关;在1800 m海拔处,年轮宽度指数与上年6月气温显著负相关,降水量显著正相关;在2000 m海拔处,年轮宽度指数与当年9月气温和当年3月降水量显著负相关;在海拔2200 m处,年轮宽度指数与上年8月气温显著正相关,降水量显著负相关;随着海拔的升高,气温逐渐降低,降水量增加,两者对华北落叶松径向生长的耦合效应也发生变化,当海拔到达2000 m时,生长季降水量的增加使耦合效应关系发生转换。     

面向药物发现和精准医疗的基因表达谱分析

作为功能基因组学中重要的组成部分,基因表达谱在生物学、医学和药物研发等多个领域发挥着重要作用.特别是随着精准医疗概念的提出,整合多组学数据用于个性化医疗是未来的发展趋势.本文从基因表达谱的基本概念出发,重点介绍面向药物发现的基因表达谱分析方法,即基于关联图谱的方法、基于基因调控网络的方法和基于多组学数据整合的方法.系统整理了各种方法的研究进展,特别是在抗癌药物研发领域的最新进展,为利用基因表达谱数据进行药物研发提供方法借鉴.     

东亚钳蝎氯毒素通过下调PKM2介导的有氧糖酵解抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖活性

东亚钳蝎氯离子通道毒素(Buthus martensii Karshch chlorion channel toxin,BmK CT)是一类短链神经毒素,在体内和体外均能有效抑制神经胶质瘤细胞侵袭和增殖。然而,BmK CT抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖活性的机制尚不清楚。本研究采用代谢组学的方法探索BmK CT抑制人脑神经胶质瘤细胞增殖的分子机制。首先,通过蛋白质表达纯化获得带有谷胱甘肽S转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)标签的BmK CT蛋白和GST蛋白。利用圆二色谱检测两种蛋白质均具有α-螺旋二级结构,并且融合蛋白质GST-BmK CT热稳定性较好。通过噻唑蓝(methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, MTT)法检测GST-BmK CT对神经胶质瘤细胞(U251和A172)增殖的影响。结果显示,与GST处理组相比,1μmol/L GST-BmK CT处理组对U251细胞的抑制率更明显(U251细胞19±1.1 vs. 2.25±0.95,P<0.001, 48 h; A172细胞12±1.4 vs. 2.25±1.25,P<0.001, 48 h)。利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分析鉴定出细胞内的63种代谢物,通过通路分析和聚类分析证实,GST-BmK CT处理影响神经胶质瘤细胞的有氧糖酵解。根据峰面积统计数据显示,GST-BmK CT处理降低胞内丙酮酸的含量。GST-BmK CT处理组相比GST组,明显下调胞外培养基的乳酸分泌(16.33±3.78 vs. 35.6±2.31,P<0.001, 48 h),葡萄糖消耗(2.04±0.09 vs. 2.64±0.04,P<0.05, 48 h)和胞内腺苷三磷酸(ATP)含量(633.79±0.001 vs. 5392.71±266.67,P<0.05, 48 h)。结果表明,GST-BmK CT通过下调胶质瘤细胞有氧糖酵解水平降低ATP的生成。实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹结果显示,GST-BmK CT降低U251细胞丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase M2, PKM2)在转录水平和翻译水平的表达,进一步发现GST-BmK CT通过下调低氧诱导因子(hypoxia inducible factor-1α, HIF-1α)降低PKM2在转录水平的表达。以上结果表明,BmK CT通过下调HIF-1α的表达,降低PKM2介导的有氧糖酵解从而抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖活性。     

小麦T型细胞质雄性不育系与相应保持系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对小麦T型细胞质雄性不育系75-3369A和相应保持系75-336 9B 的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行了81个单引物和14组双引物的多态性研究。结果有73个单引物和全部的双引物有扩增结果,表现出多态性的有10个单引物和一组双引物。 Abstract:Using 81 single-primers and 14 double-primers,T-type CMS(cytoplasmic male sterile)line 75-3369 A and is maintainer 75-3369B were studied by means of RAPD.73 single-primers and all double-primers gave amplified products in the experiment,among them 10 single-primers and one double-primer presented polymorphism.     

耕作措施对冬小麦田杂草生物多样性及产量的影响

在连续5a秸秆全量还田的免耕、旋耕、耙耕、深松和常规耕作试验地中,设置了除草和不除草处理,研究了其对杂草总密度、优势杂草种类、生物多样性指数和冬小麦产量的影响,并分析了杂草与小麦间的竞争关系。结果表明,麦田杂草主要有7种,分别是麦蒿(Descuminia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl)、荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik)、燕麦(Avena sativa L.)、田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)、刺儿菜(Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bieb.)、繁缕(Stellaria media (L.) Vill.)、麦家公(Lithospermum arvense L.)。在未除草条件下,免耕、深松的杂草总密度显著提高;而在除草条件下,杂草密度显著下降。免耕、深松、常规耕作在未除草条件下,优势杂草种类为麦蒿、荠菜,旋耕、耙耕条件下的优势杂草为麦蒿;而除草后各处理的优势杂草均只有麦蒿。耙耕、常规耕作措施在未除草条件下杂草群落具有较高的物种丰富度和均匀度。无论哪种耕作措施,除草能提高冬小麦产量,其中以深松耕作结合除草处理的小麦产量最高。在小麦抽穗期,未除草处理杂草株高接近或高于小麦株高,会造成杂草与小麦间的光竞争,对小麦的生长状况有显著影响,从而导致小麦产量降低。     

氯喹与氟康唑联合对新生隐球菌的体外药敏实验

目的研究氯喹与氟康唑体外联合应用对隐球菌生长作用的影响。方法参考M27-A方案,检测10μmol/L,100μmol/L与1 000μmol/L 3种浓度氯喹与氟康唑联合后对20株菌株的氟康唑对隐球菌最小抑菌浓度与最小杀菌浓度的变化。结果与10μmol/L氯喹组相比,100μmol/L以上浓度的氯喹组可以显著降低氟康唑对隐球菌的M IC与MFC。结论氯喹在体外可以提高氟康唑抗隐球菌的作用,与氟康唑具有协同抗隐球菌的作用。     

Myxinidocotyle gen.n. and Lophocotyle Braun (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Acanthocotylidae) with descriptions of three new species from hagfishes (Chordata, Myxinidae)

Three new species of monogencans parasitizing hagfish are described: Myxinidocotyle californica gen. et sp.n., M. japonica sp.n. and Lophocotyle novaezeelandica sp.n. The pseudohaptor of Myxinidocotyle has 8+8 transverse ridges that never attain the radial arrangement characterizing Lophocotyle and Acanthocotyle . There are no sclerites in the pseudohaptoral ridges of Myxinidocotyle and Lophocotyle . The male reproductive system of Myxinidocotyle and Lophocotyle differs from that of Acanthocotyle in having a bilateral accessory gland apparatus and an armed copulatory organ. The femrle reproductive system has a large vaginal receptaculum scminis; in Myxinidocotyle with two vagino-intestinal canals. The uterine pore and the male genital pore are close together and the vaginal pore is situated posterior to them, on the left ventral side of the body. We conclude that Myxinidocotyle, Lophocotyle and Acunrkocotyle represent different levels of acanthocotylid evolution. Myxinidocotyle being the most primitive. The family Acanthocotylidac is divided into the subfamilies Myxinidoeutylinae subfam.n., Lophocotylinae and Acanthoeutylinae.     

水温对刀鲚幼鱼耗氧率、窒息点、血糖及肌肝糖元指标的影响

实验测定了不同水温条件下刀鲚(Coilia nasus)幼鱼的耗氧率和窒息点,并对耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及水温对刀鲚幼鱼血糖及肌肝糖元指标的影响进行了研究,旨在为刀鲚运输、养殖生产中制定合理的放养密度和养殖工艺提供参考依据.结果表明:在试验水温(16℃～28C)条件下,刀鲚幼鱼的耗氧率随水温的升高而增大,耗氧率(R)与水温(T)的回归方程为R=0.988T2-32.36T+343.7,相关系数为0.96;刀鲚幼鱼的耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰出现在7:00,低谷在21:00;刀鲚幼鱼的窒息点与水温显著相关,窒息点A(mg·L-1)与水温T(℃)的回归关系为A=0.9397T0.8001,R2=0.98.刀鲚幼鱼血清中血糖含量在水温16℃～24℃阶段保持相对稳定,血糖含量在17.24 ～ 19.79 mmol·L-1,肌肉和肝脏糖元含量均呈波浪式变动;但在水温24℃～28℃阶段,血糖含量随水温上升而显著升高,而肌肉和肝脏糖元含量均显著降低.