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101.
102.
神经病学是涉及多个基础学科的临床专门学科,其内容复杂抽象,令学生望而生畏。PBL是学生自主学习建构知识和教师引导的教学模式,有利于学生克服畏难情绪,提高学习效率。根据我们的实践体会,教师与学生的心理是影响PBL教学效果的重要因素。只有把握好教学过程中的心理因素,才能使PBL的优势真正得以体现。 相似文献
103.
目的:探讨大鼠幼年期丰富环境经历对其成年后焦虑样行为和社会竞争行为的影响。方法:幼年期Wistar大鼠(生后21天)分为标准饲养组(对照组)和丰富环境刺激(EE)组。对照组为持续在标准实验室饲养条件下饲养;丰富环境组为生后21天至行为学检查时持续在丰富环境下饲养。在生后70天进行行为学检测:采用高架十字迷宫方法测试焦虑样行为;采用社会优势管道试验观察社会竞争性行为。结果:高架十字迷宫实验结果显示,与对照组相比,丰富环境组在开放臂的时间和次数显著增加;优势管道实验结果显示丰富环境刺激组大鼠的社会竞争力明显下降。结论:大鼠幼年期丰富环境刺激可改善大鼠的焦虑样情绪,但导致大鼠社会竞争力下降。 相似文献
104.
目的:建立高效液相系统肽图分析法,用于重组胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(rExendin-4)的质量控制。方法:应用高效液相系统摸索最佳胰蛋白酶切和色谱条件,并采用液质联用系统分析肽段的精确相对分子量和氨基酸序列。结果:根据酶切条件摸索,确定酶切条件为:rExendin-4原液与胰蛋白酶按照质量比为100:1混匀,37℃酶切4小时,根据肽段的色谱保留时间、相对分子质量及对其碰撞诱导解离质谱的解析结果,归属出肽图中各肽段所在的色谱峰,与理论值完全一致。结论:本法精确度高、重复性好、自动化程度高,能够用于rExendin-4原液肽图分析。 相似文献
105.
Toll‐like receptor 9 protects non‐immune cells from stress by modulating mitochondrial ATP synthesis through the inhibition of SERCA2 下载免费PDF全文
Yasunori Shintani Hannes CA Drexler Hidetaka Kioka Cesare MN Terracciano Steven R Coppen Hiromi Imamura Masaharu Akao Junichi Nakai Ann P Wheeler Shuichiro Higo Hiroyuki Nakayama Seiji Takashima Kenta Yashiro Ken Suzuki 《EMBO reports》2014,15(4):438-445
Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) has a key role in the recognition of pathogen DNA in the context of infection and cellular DNA that is released from damaged cells. Pro‐inflammatory TLR9 signalling pathways in immune cells have been well investigated, but we have recently discovered an alternative pathway in which TLR9 temporarily reduces energy substrates to induce cellular protection from stress in cardiomyocytes and neurons. However, the mechanism by which TLR9 stimulation reduces energy substrates remained unknown. Here, we identify the calcium‐transporting ATPase, SERCA2 (also known as Atp2a2), as a key molecule for the alternative TLR9 signalling pathway. TLR9 stimulation reduces SERCA2 activity, modulating Ca2+ handling between the SR/ER and mitochondria, which leads to a decrease in mitochondrial ATP levels and the activation of cellular protective machinery. These findings reveal how distinct innate responses can be elicited in immune and non‐immune cells—including cardiomyocytes—using the same ligand‐receptor system. 相似文献
106.
目的:对比剂肾病(CIN)是介入治疗中常见并发症之一。由于对比剂肾病发病机制复杂,其确切的机制尚不明确,有研究认为应用渗透压相似的对比剂,高粘度组对比剂引起CIN的几率明显高于低粘度组。本研究探讨接受不同粘度对比剂冠状动脉造影检查的患者术后引起肾功能损害的差异及其可能的机制。方法:80例接受冠状动脉造影检查的患者随机分为两组。分别为20℃碘海醇组、37℃碘海醇组,每组各40例。分别于冠脉造影前8h、冠脉造影后48h采集同一患者肘正中静脉血进行血清肌酐(Scr)、血清胱抑素C(CysC)检测,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果:两组患者组间比较基本资料无明显差异,两组患者术后Ser、CysC较术前均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05);20℃碘海醇组术后Scr较37℃碘海醇组升高不明显,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);20℃碘海醇组术后CysC较37℃碘海醇组升高明显,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:冠脉造影检查时.对比剂对患者的肾功能有损害;选择低粘度对比剂可能减少其对冠状动脉造影患者的肾功能的不良影响;其作用机制可能与对比剂改变血液粘滞性,从而影响肾血流有关。 相似文献
107.
Valerie R Wiersma Marco de Bruyn Ce Shi Marloes JM Gooden Maartje CA Wouters Douwe F Samplonius Djoke Hendriks Hans W Nijman Yunwei Wei Jin Zhou Wijnand Helfrich Edwin Bremer 《MABS-AUSTIN》2015,7(2):321-330
The therapeutic effect of anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies stems from their capacity to opsonize targeted cancer cells with subsequent phagocytic removal, induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or induction of complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). The major immune effector cells involved in these processes are natural killer (NK) cells and granulocytes. The latter and most prevalent blood cell population contributes to phagocytosis, but is not effective in inducing ADCC. Here, we report that targeted delivery of the tumoricidal protein tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to granulocyte marker C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL1), using fusion protein CLL1:TRAIL, equips granulocytes with high levels of TRAIL. Upon CLL1-selective binding of this fusion protein, granulocytes acquire additional TRAIL-mediated cytotoxic activity that, importantly, potentiates antibody-mediated cytotoxicity of clinically used therapeutic antibodies (e.g., rituximab, cetuximab). Thus, CLL1:TRAIL could be used as an adjuvant to optimize the clinical potential of anticancer antibody therapy by augmenting tumoricidal activity of granulocytes. 相似文献
108.
109.
NORMAN SARTORIUS WOLFGANG GAEBEL HELEN‐ROSE CLEVELAND HEATHER STUART TSUYOSHI AKIYAMA JULIO ARBOLEDA‐FLÓREZ ANJA E. BAUMANN OYE GUREJE MIGUEL R. JORGE MARIANNE KASTRUP YURIKO SUZUKI ALLAN TASMAN 《World psychiatry》2010,9(3):131-144
In 2009 the WPA President established a Task Force that was to examine
available evidence about the stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrists
and to make recommendations about action that national psychiatric societies
and psychiatrists as professionals could do to reduce or prevent the stigmatization
of their discipline as well as to prevent its nefarious consequences. This
paper presents a summary of the Task Force’s findings and recommendations.
The Task Force reviewed the literature concerning the image of psychiatry
and psychiatrists in the media and the opinions about psychiatry and psychiatrists
of the general public, of students of medicine, of health professionals other
than psychiatrists and of persons with mental illness and their families.
It also reviewed the evidence about the interventions that have been undertaken
to combat stigma and consequent discrimination and made a series of recommendations
to the national psychiatric societies and to individual psychiatrists. The
Task Force laid emphasis on the formulation of best practices of psychiatry
and their application in health services and on the revision of curricula
for the training of health personnel. It also recommended that national psychiatric
societies establish links with other professional associations, with organizations
of patients and their relatives and with the media in order to approach the
problems of stigma on a broad front. The Task Force also underlined the role
that psychiatrists can play in the prevention of stigmatization of psychiatry,
stressing the need to develop a respectful relationship with patients, to
strictly observe ethical rules in the practice of psychiatry and to maintain
professional competence. 相似文献
110.
母胎耐受机制的阐明,将为器官移植免疫耐受方案的研究提供重要启示.本研究旨在阐明妊娠状态对父系来源移植皮片的存活是否有保护作用.2月龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠和2~4月龄BALB/c雄性小鼠同笼受孕.采用流式细胞技术确定妊娠过程中调节性T细胞(Treg)比例的时间变化规律.以单向混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)手段比较研究妊娠对于父系来源脾细胞刺激后产生的增殖反应的影响.通过同种异体小鼠全厚皮片移植模型,观察妊娠对于父系来源移植皮片的存活是否具有保护作用.并用分子生物学技术研究此种效能的可能机制.结果显示,C57BL/6小鼠妊娠过程中,Treg占CD4+T细胞的比例从妊娠前的4.2%逐渐上升,受孕8天左右达到高峰值(6.8%),此后开始下降并逐渐回复至基线水平.MLR结果表明,针对父系来源脾细胞的刺激,妊娠组较对照组呈现显著的低反应性,其平均刺激指数分别是7.8和13.6(P〈0.05).定量PCR研究表明,血红素加氧酶-1和吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶mRNA在胎盘高表达,在脾脏低表达(P〈0.05).父系来源的移植皮片的平均存活时间在妊娠组和非妊娠组分别是7.67和7.08天,无统计学差异(P〉0.05).由此认为,在小鼠妊娠过程中,尽管出现了具有免疫抑制功能的Treg的比例增加,尽管有针对父系来源刺激细胞的较低的MLR反应性,但是单次妊娠对于父系来源的移植皮片的存活,在本研究条件下,未能显示具有统计学意义的保护作用. 相似文献