北细辛内生真菌的分离鉴定及代谢产物的生物活性

采用表面消毒法分别从3种北细辛中分离获得10株形态特征不同的优势内生真菌,经形态学和18S rDNA ITS分子分类学分析鉴定为小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)、叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)、柄孢壳菌属(Po-dospora sp.)、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum sp.)和镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)。对北细辛优势内生真菌的发酵产物进行体外抗肿瘤和抗菌活性检测,结果表明:除菌株E3、E4和E10外,其余菌株均有不同程度的抗肿瘤和抗菌活性;镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)菌株E9对A549、MDA-MB-231和PANC-1肿瘤细胞抑制率达75%以上;小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)菌株E1和叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)菌株E2靶向FabI的抗菌活性较强,抑制率达59%。     

Polymorphism of SARS-CoV Genomes

In this work, severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome BJ202 (AY864806) was completely sequenced. The genome was directly accessed from the stool sample of a patient in Beijing. Comparative genomics methods were used to analyze the sequence variations of 116 SARS-CoV genomes (including BJ202) available in the NCBI Gen-Bank. With the genome sequence of GZ02 as the reference, there were 41 polymorphic sites identified in BJ202 and a total of 278 polymorphic sites present in at least two of the 116 genomes. The distribution of the polymorphic sites was biased over the whole genome. Nearly half of the variations (50.4%, 140/278) clustered in the one third of the whole genome at the 3′ end (19.0 kb-29.7 kb). Regions encoding Orf10-11, Orf3/4, E, M and S protein had the highest mutation rates. A total of 15 PCR products (about 6.0 kb of the genome) including 11 fragments containing 12 known polymorphic sites and 4 fragments without identified polymorphic sites were cloned and sequenced. Results showed that 3 unique polymorphic sites of BJ202 (positions 13 804, 15 031 and 20 792) along with 3 other polymorphic sites (26 428, 26 477 and 27 243) all contained 2 kinds of nucleotides. It is interesting to find that position 18379 which has not been identified to be polymorphic in any of the other 115 published SARS-CoV genomes is actually a polymorphic site. The nucleotide composition of this site is A (8) to G (6). Among 116 SARS-CoV genomes, 18 types of deletions and 2 insertions were identified. Most of them were related to a 300 bp region (27 700-28 000) which encodes parts of the putative ORF9 and ORF10-11. A phylogenetic tree illustrating the divergence of whole BJ202 genome from 115 other completely sequenced SARS-CoVs was also constructed. BJ202 was phylogeneticly closer to BJ01 and LLJ-2004.     

液泡膜H+ -PPase与植物耐盐性

文章介绍植物液泡膜H^＋-PPase的结构、功能及其分子生物学的研究进展,并着重阐述液泡膜H^＋-PPase在植物耐盐性中的作用。     

Potential of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin forming DNA adducts

DNA adducts consist of DNA monoadducts, DNA intrastrand crosslinks, DNA interstrand crosslinks, and DNA-protein crosslinks. If not repaired or mistakenly repaired, DNA adducts may lead to gene mutations and initiate carcinogenesis. Two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, were studied for their potential of forming DNA monoadducts, DNA interstrand crosslinks, and DNA-protein crosslinks in primary mouse hepatocytes via the assays of bioluminescence, ethidium bromide fluorescence, and K+-SDS precipitation. DNA interstrand crosslinks were also measured on calf thymus DNA. It was shown that chlorpyrifos could not form DNA adducts. Cypermethrin formed DNA monoadducts and DNA interstrand crosslinks in hepatocytes. However, cypermethrin didn't form DNA interstrand crosslinks on calf thymus DNA and in hepatocytes treated with SKF-525A, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, which suggests that active metabolites of cypermethrin instead of cypermethrin itself caused DNA interstrand crosslinks and that cytochrome P450 may be involved in the activation of cypermethrin.     

宁夏灵武市沟眶象发生特点

系统调查沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis(Olivier)在宁夏灵武市的发生情况和特点发现:沟眶象以成虫和幼虫在土壤中越冬,成虫有2个发生高峰期,越冬结束后以成虫越冬的沟眶象出土出现第1个高峰期,以幼虫越冬的沟眶象经化蛹羽化出土出现第2个高峰期;幼虫危害臭椿根部形成的瘤状物可以作为鉴别沟眶象危害的特征;沟眶象幼虫在土壤中垂直分布范围集中在0～45 cm深土层,约占80%;成虫出土孔集中在距臭椿树干基部75 cm范围内,占88%。据此建议土壤施药化学防治沟眶象时,施药深度不宜低于45 cm,施药点距树干基部水平距离不得少于75 cm,且树周各个方向均需施药。每年10月末沟眶象开始"入土"、翌年4月末开始"出土",在沟眶象"入土"结束后但未冻土之前的11中旬和土壤解冻之后但尚未"出土"前的4月中旬,这两个时期土壤施药防治效果较好;防治沟眶象的同时,还应适时采取打孔注药、熏蒸等措施防治臭椿(Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle)树干内的臭椿沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus brandti(Harold)。     

风信子根尖预处理及核型分析

采用秋水仙素、8-羟基喹啉、放线菌酮3种试剂及秋水仙素与8-羟基喹啉的混合液、冰水混合物等,按不同时间梯度对风信子‘Pink Pearl’根尖进行预处理,以获得进行染色体分析的清晰制片,为风信子品种染色体分析及其微结构研究奠定基础。结果表明:‘Pink Pearl’根尖经5种预处理后,再经固定、解离、染色、压片均可获得分散良好、形态正常、易于计数并进行核型分析的高质量染色体制片。秋水仙素和8-羟基喹啉的最适预处理时间分别是12h、20h;放线菌酮、秋水仙素与8-羟基喹啉混合液、冰水混合物的最适预处理时间均是24h。染色体核型分析表明:风信子的核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m+4sm+2smsat+4st;核不对称系数为60.2%,为2C核型。     

壳聚糖锌离子固定化亲和层析填料的制备与性质

目的:制备了壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料,并对其性能进行了研究。方法:采用反相悬浮法制备了交联壳聚糖;再以环氧氯丙烷为活化剂,乙二胺为螯合配基,制备了固定化亲和层析填料;表征了其有效粒径以及均匀系数、含水量、失重率、氨基含量、骨架密度、堆积密度以及孔度值。从时间、加入ZnCl2的浓度、温度、pH方面对Zn2+固定化条件进行了优选,并确定了Zn2+的固定化量。含组氨酸标签的乙醛脱氢酶粗酶液,经硫酸铵盐析后,考察了壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料的亲和性能。结果:制备的填料有效粒径为105μm;均匀系数为1.46;含水量为58.03%;失重率为85.43%;氨基含量为9.20mmol/g;骨架密度为1.217 8g/ml;堆积密度为0.843 2g/ml;孔度值为36.40%。固定化Zn2+的最佳条件是:时间3 h、加入ZnCl2溶液浓度0.1mol/L、温度28℃、pH 5.5;且此条件下,亲和层析填料中Zn2+固定化量为3.35mmol/g。壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料对乙醛脱氢酶的亲和性能为4.14IU/g(干重)。结论:制备了壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料,可用于带有组氨酸标签重组蛋白的快速分离与纯化。     

基于microRNA共调控网络的microRNA调控机制研究

已有研究通过计算和实验的手段,证明了不同的microRNA(miRNA)通过相互之间的合作,来共同调控它们所共有的靶基因。对miRNA之间这种合作行为的特性的研究,能够帮助我们更好的理解miRNA的调控机理。本文建立了一个网络来描述miRNA之间的合作关系,并通过对该网络的分析,得出了四点关于miRNA调控机制的性质。第一,基因靶标数目越多的miRNA倾向于与越多的miRNA伙伴进行合作。第二,进化上保守的miRNA所具有的共调控伙伴的数目显著多于非保守的miRNA。第三,以上的性质是跨物种的存在的(人与小鼠)。第四,miRNA与蛋白质在系统层面性质存在一定的相似。     

不同品系小鼠感染甲型流感病毒肺小血管内血栓形成

目的本实验旨在观察不同品系小鼠感染甲型流感病毒后肺组织内血栓形成的情况。方法使用H1N1病毒A/California/7/2009（CA7）株和H3N2病毒A/Brisbane/10/07株,对BALB/C小鼠、Scid小鼠、NOD/LTJ小鼠、BALB/C-nu小鼠、NOD-Scid小鼠和icosl-KO小鼠经乙醚麻醉后进行滴鼻攻毒。检测小鼠感染后肺组织病毒拷贝数并观察肺组织病理学改变。结果 H1N1和H3N2滴鼻攻毒的各组小鼠均染毒,病理表现为程度略有差异的间质性肺炎。13只H1N1病毒感染小鼠和6只H3N2感染小鼠在肺组织中观察到多个小血管内有血栓形成,血栓成分主要为纤维素和血小板。结论各品系小鼠感染H1N1和H3N2流感病毒后均可能出现肺组织内血栓形成。