甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值分析

目的:研究甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值。方法:选取从2016年3月~2019年2月于我院接受手术治疗的甲状腺疾病患者300例作为研究对象,均予以彩超检查,比较甲状腺良恶性结节的超声特征(主要包括直径、钙化情况、边界、回声、血流状况)。以病理活检结果为金标准,分析彩超诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的敏感性、特异性以及准确度。对比甲状腺良恶性结节的血流分型情况以及各项血流动力学参数。结果:恶性结节超声特征直径≥2 cm、有钙化、边界模糊、无回声/低回声、血流丰富人数占比均高于良性结节(均P<0.05)。以手术病理组织活检结果作为金标准,彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺结节的敏感性、特异性以及准确度分别为97.73%、86.11%、96.33%。甲状腺良性结节血流分型为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型人数占比高于恶性结节,而Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型人数占比低于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。甲状腺良性结节的收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)均低于恶性结节,而舒张末期血流速度(EDV)高于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别价值较高,且具有较高的敏感性、特异性以及准确度,可为甲状腺良恶性结节的早期诊断、临床治疗提供重要的参考依据。     

268份人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体待确定样本的检测结果分析

为了提高实验室人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗体检测能力及对免疫蛋白印迹(Western blot,WB)实验结果的判断能力,对送检至北京市东城区艾滋病确证实验室的268份HIV抗体待确定样本进行确证实验及结果分析。按照试剂说明书和实验室标准作业程序(Standard Operation Procedure,SOP)操作对送检的全部样本进行WB确证实验;了解HIV筛查实验结果与确证实验结果的相关性,并分析不同送检机构、送检人群样本的检测结果差异以及不同试剂、不同检测方法的结果差异。结果显示在筛查出抗体待确定的268份样本中,确证阳性170份,阳性率63.43%;确证阴性51份,阴性率19.03%;不确定结果47份,占筛查有反应的17.54%。确证阳性病例来自监管场所、自愿咨询检测门诊(Voluntary Counseling and Test,VCT)和医疗机构,不同送检单位及不同人群的阳性样本率有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。WB确证阳性样本带型以全条带和次全条带为主,且所有确证阳性标本均来自双试剂阳性样本。不同检测方法阳性样本率的差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),其中化学发光法的样本阳性率占46.27%,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)占88.29%,胶体硒法占43.48%。本研究结果提示,对潜在HIV感染者,应扩大检测面,加强医疗机构检测,并提供一种以上方法的多次检测,以减少漏检的风险。     

Noninvasive ultrasound deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens induces behavioral avoidance

Ultrasound stimulation is an emerging noninvasive option in treating neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study investigates the behavioral alterations resulting from ultrasound stimulation on the nucleus accumbens(NAc) in freely moving mice. Our results show that an acute ultrasound stimulation on the NAc, rather than the visual cortex or auditory cortex, led to a pronounced avoidance behavior, while repeated NAc ultrasound stimulation resulted in an obvious conditioned place aversion with changes in synaptic protein(Glu A1/2 subunit) expression. Notably, NAc ultrasound stimulation suppressed the morphine-induced conditioned place preference. The results provide evidence that NAc ultrasound stimulation can be applied as a potential noninvasive therapeutic option in treating psychiatric disorders.     

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the unique Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from eastern Asia

Saxifraga L. is the largest genus in Saxifragaceae and a characteristic component of the herbaceous flora of the temperate and alpine mountains in the Northern Hemisphere. Section Irregulares is a small group of 15–20 species, representing one of the early‐diverged lineages in the genus characterized with unique zygomorphic flowers. We used both nuclear internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast DNA regions (psbA‐trnH, trnL‐F, and matK) to reconstruct its species relationships, estimate divergence times, and infer its historical biogeography. Our phylogenetic results corroborate the monophyly of sect. Irregulares and its sister relationship to sect. Heterisia from North America. The section was well resolved into two lineages corresponding to their morphological features and biogeographic distributions. One represents ser. Stoloniferae including S. stolonifera Curtis and S. nipponica Makino with long‐creeping stolons/rhizomes and small petals with spots and the other comprises the remaining taxa (ser. Rufescentes) which lack long‐creeping rhizomes. Spots on leaves (abaxially spotted vs. abaxially without spots) and spots on petals (without spots vs. with spots) are inferred to be phylogenetically informative within ser. Rufescentes. Divergence time estimates and ancestral area analysis suggested a western North American origin of sect. Irregulares with migration into East Asia by way of the Bering land bridge in the Middle Oligocene. The development of drying and desertification belt in the late Miocene could have played an important role in the subsequent restriction and separation of the north and south lineages within eastern Asia.     

Allotransplantation of adult spinal cord tissues after complete transected spinal cord injury: Long-term survival and functional recovery in canines

Science China Life Sciences - Spinal cord injury (SCI), especially complete transected SCI, leads to loss of cells and extracellular matrix and functional impairments. In a previous study, we...     

发菜磷酸葡糖胺变位酶(glmM)对干旱胁迫的响应及其基因克隆

glmM编码的磷酸葡糖胺变位酶是肽聚糖合成前体的关键酶。为探究发菜glmM响应干旱胁迫的表达调控机制及明确其分子信息,本研究对干旱胁迫条件下发菜glmM在转录水平的差异表达进行了分析,并对glmM的表达水平、磷酸化修饰、乙酰化修饰和琥珀酰化修饰水平进行了检测,克隆了发菜glmM,进行了序列分析和原核表达。结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下,发菜glmM在转录水平上的表达量先增加后减少,glmM上调表达,glmM的磷酸化修饰水平逐渐增加,乙酰化修饰水平相对稳定,琥珀酰化修饰水平有明显变化。设计特异性引物克隆glmM基因,获得全长1416 bp发菜glmM基因,与肺衣(5183)glmM的核苷酸序列同源性为95%,氨基酸同源性为97%。将glmM在大肠杆菌中表达,获得一个51.45 kD的外源蛋白,MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS分析证明该蛋白为磷酸葡糖胺变位酶。研究结果为深入研究发菜glmM的分子信息、生物学功能及其响应干旱胁迫的分子机制提供帮助。     

山羊不同组织器官的内参基因筛选

本研究通过比较9个内参基因在山羊不同组织中的表达水平进而确定最适合研究山羊组织表达的内参基因。本试验以简州大耳羊为试验材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析9个内参基因(GAPDH,PPIA,18S rRNA,PPIB,UXT,RPLP0,ACTB,EIF3K和TBP)在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、大肠、瘤胃、背最长肌和皮下脂肪等组织中的表达差异情况,并利用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper等程序分析了它们的表达稳定性。geNorm和NormFinder程序一致显示TBP表达最稳定,其次是UXT和RPLP0;BestKeeper分析显示18S rRNA表达最为稳定,其次为TBP和ACTB;3个程序一致认为GAPDH表达稳定性最差。综合3个程序分析得出TBP最适合作为山羊组织中的内参基因,其次为UXT和RPLP0,GAPDH表达稳定性最差,不适合作为山羊组织内参,这为后续研究其他目的基因在山羊组织器官中的表达模式提供数据保障。     

全反式维甲酸对骺软骨细胞生物学行为及其功能影响的研究

该研究主要探讨了体外高浓度全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)对SD大鼠骺软骨细胞生物学性状和功能的影响以及体内ATRA对SD大鼠胫骨生长板的影响。以SD大鼠骺软骨细胞为研究对象、ATRA为干预因素,采用CCK-8、细胞流式术、HE染色、Annexin V-FITC细胞凋亡流式检测术、Hoechst染色、细胞划痕、Transwell实验分别评估ATRA处理后细胞的增殖、周期、形态、凋亡及迁移情况,Western blot检测蛋白聚糖、Ⅱ型胶原、X型胶原等相关功能蛋白的变化;以3周雄性SD大鼠为实验对象,分为对照组、60 mg/kg·d ATRA组、80 mg/kg·d ATRA组,进行10天连续ATRA灌胃处理,测量每只SD大鼠灌胃第1天、第10天的头尾长,处理10天后对胫骨生长板进行HE染色。结果表明,ATRA作用SD大鼠骺软骨细胞后,增殖能力减弱且细胞周期被阻滞在S期(P<0.01),细胞形态由三角形、多边形变为长条状,凋亡的发生增多(P<0.01),迁移能力受到抑制(P<0.05)以及Western blot结果显示蛋白聚糖、Ⅱ型胶原、X型胶原等功能相关蛋白较对照组表达均明显降低(P<0.01);对SD大鼠进行ATRA灌胃处理后,与对照组比较,60 mg/kg·d ATRA组和80 mg/kg·d ATRA组的头尾长均变短(P<0.01);胫骨生长板HE染色显示,ATRA灌胃组的生长板变窄甚至闭合。该研究证实了体外高浓度ATRA能够对SD大鼠骺软骨细胞的增殖、迁移起抑制作用,同时能够诱导凋亡,降低相关功能蛋白的表达,在SD大鼠体内证实,过量ATRA可影响生长板软骨内成骨过程,最终使生长板部分或全部提前闭合,进而影响SD大鼠身长的增长。