Production of hyaluronic Acid by a streptococcal strain in batch culture

A simple method for the production and preparation of hyaluronic acid (HA) is described. Three media were tested, which all supported relatively good yields of cells, but only in one of them were appreciable amounts of HA formed. In this medium, HA was produced during the logarithmic growth phase and showed a molecular weight of 7.3 × 10⁵. HA prepared from 24-hr cultures of the same organism had a molecular weight of only 2.6 × 10⁵. The kinetics of HA production in batch culture were studied, as well as of cell production and glucose consumption.     

An electron-transport system associated with the outer membrane of liver mitochondria. A biochemical and morphological study

Preparations of rat-liver mitochondria catalyze the oxidation of exogenous NADH by added cytochrome c or ferricyanide by a reaction that is insensitive to the respiratory chain inhibitors, antimycin A, amytal, and rotenone, and is not coupled to phosphorylation. Experiments with tritiated NADH are described which demonstrate that this "external" pathway of NADH oxidation resembles stereochemically the NADH-cytochrome c reductase system of liver microsomes, and differs from the respiratory chain-linked NADH dehydrogenase. Enzyme distributation data are presented which substantiate the conclusion that microsomal contamination cannot account for the rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity observed with the mitochondria. A procedure is developed, based on swelling and shrinking of the mitochondria followed by sonication and density gradient centrifugation, which permits the separation of two particulate subfractions, one containing the bulk of the respiratory chain components, and the other the bulk of the rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase system. Morphological evidence supports the conclusion that the former subfraction consists of mitochondria devoid of outer membrane, and that the latter represents derivatives of the outer membrane. The data indicate that the electron-transport system associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane involves catalytic components similar to, or identical with, the microsomal NADH-cytochrome b₅ reductase and cytochrome b₅.     

苏联石炭二迭纪的动物地理区

最近二十年以来在苏联所进行的大规模地质测量工作提供了所有各系,特别是石炭和二迭系的大批古生物材料,到目前为止这些材料的整理和描述工作,还远未结束,对许多地区的动物羣还没有进行专门性的研究,但是对地层上最重要的动物门类已研究得相当详细。目前已经能够知道动物羣沿剖面分布的主要规律,并且能够划分出各个系和各个统甚至各个组和各个亚组的标准的动物羣组合。同时证明了,各邻近地区的同时代的动物羣并不是经常都相似的,但是有的时候虽然地区彼此相距很远,但动物羣却几乎是一样的。在苏联境内已经发现了一些古动物地理     

Isolation of a Mutant of Escherichia coli with a Temperature-sensitive Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate Aldolase Activity

B?ck, August (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.), and Frederick C. Neidhardt. Isolation of a mutant of Escherichia coli with a temperature-sensitive fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity. J. Bacteriol. 92:464-469. 1966.-A mutant of Escherichia coli was isolated which was able to grow in rich medium at 30 C but not at 40 C. Upon exposure to 40 C, the cells immediately stopped ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, but protein synthesis continued at a diminished rate for a short time. Addition of chloramphenicol did not release RNA synthesis from inhibition at 40 C. Synthesis of beta-galactosidase could be induced at high temperature despite the presence of glucose in the medium, indicating a lesion in glucose catabolism. Of many catabolic enzymes tested in cell-free extracts, only fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity appeared to be altered in the mutant cells. No activity was demonstrable in extracts of mutant cells grown at either 30 or 40 C, but determination of glucose-oxidation patterns revealed that the enzyme is probably active in vivo at 30 C. Temperature-resistant secondary mutants were found to have partially or fully restored aldolase activity, and temperature-resistant recombinants had normal aldolase activity, indicating that the growth pattern and the altered aldolase had a common genetic basis. Linkage data permitted the assignment of an approximate map location for the mutated aldolase gene.     

二分抑或三分—关于二叠纪地质年表

一、前言自从六十年代以来,由于齿菊石类化石在华南、苏联及伊朗各自的卓勒法地区、伊朗的阿巴德地区、日本北上山地、苏联远东地区及墨西哥考会拉地区的不断发现,致使在二叠系上部分出一个以含齿菊石类为特征的上统的意见日趋强烈。迄今,世界上尚未发现一条完整的,包