四川地区幼儿和学龄前儿童的鼻部测量

本文报告１１１６例四川地区幼儿和学龄前儿童（２－７岁）鼻部９项指标的测量均数,性差及年龄发育特点。性差：仅鼻凹鼻底距４－６．５岁等少数指标部分年龄段男女性间出现显著性划异（男＞女）。此外各项指标的绝大多数年龄段男女性间无显著性差异。年龄发育：９项测量指标中７项的生长曲线随年产长而上升,数值随年龄增大,并有１－２个发育高峰;提示鼻部发育具有阶段性;２项指标的曲线随年龄增长变化较小。４项指标男女性的曲     

苯并噻唑醌类化合物对呼吸链酶系的抑制作用

合成了2-氯-5-正十二硫烷基-6-甲基-4,7-苯并噻唑醌(2-Cl-DMMDBT)和2-氯-5-正丁烷氨基-6-甲基-4,7-苯并噻唑醌(2-Cl-BAMDBT)两种化合物,研究了它们对线粒体呼吸链酶系的抑制作用.结果表明:2-Cl-DMMDBT和2-C1-BAMDBT对琥珀酸氧化酶及泛醌氧化酶的电子传递活性均表现一定的抑制作用,而对细胞色素氧化酶无作用,说明二者的抑制作用发生在泛醌反应区.二者对NADH氧化酶的抑制行为略有不同,2-Cl-DMMDBT是一个逐渐加强的过程,最终可致酶活性完全抑制,而2-Cl-BAMDBT则表现为瞬间抑制.比较了2-Cl-DMMDBT和2-Cl-BAMDBT对琥珀酸氧化酶的抑制能力,长侧链的2-Cl-DMMDBT比短侧链的2-Cl-BAMDBT抑制能力强很多.     

科尔沁沙质草甸草场不同牧压条件植物群落分异数量分析

本文用ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ分类和ＰＣＡ及ＤＣＡ排序技术分析了沙质草甸草场放牧试验引起地植物群落分异的特征,主要结论为：放牧强度是引起群落分异的主要原因,群落的分异主要表现在高度和现存生物量上。放牧引起群落变化的动力主要是放牧强度。而无牧条件下群落变化的主要动力是植物间的相互作用。当地的放牧强度处于中牧与重牧之间,属于过度放牧。这是引起草场退化及沙漠化的主要原因之一。     

东北典型旱作农田N2O和CH4排放通量研究

应用封闭式箱法技术测定了玉米、大豆田中N₂O和CH₄全年的通量变化。指出N₂O排放有明显的季节变化和明显的日变化。大量的N₂O排放发生在作物生长季节中。在冰雪溶化期和收割作物后也有一定量的N₂O从土壤中排放。此外,实验结果也指出,玉米和大豆田作为大气CH₄源或汇的作用不明显。     

Mechanism of Action of Lycoricidinol, a Plant Growth Inhibitor Isolated from Lycoris radiata Herb.

We studied the action mechanism of lycoricidinol, a plant growthinhibitor isolated from Lycoris radiata Herb. Lycoricidinolinhibited protein synthesis in mung bean hypocotyls, but notRNA synthesis. Protein synthesis in Escherichia coli was notaffected by the inhibitor. Results of in vitro translation experimentswith the wheat germ system and the E. coli system indicatedthat lycoricidinol inhibited only eukaryotic but not prokaryotictranslation. Use of specific inhibitors of initiation and polypeptidechain elongation of polypeptide synthesis revealed that chainelongation was inhibited by lycoricidinol. ¹Permanent address: Department of Biology, Yonsei University,Seoul 120, Korea. (Received September 30, 1983; Accepted December 28, 1983)     

冬小麦春化过程中低温诱导的与花芽分化相关的mRNA和蛋白质的合成

应用SDS电泳及高分辨双向电泳技术,分析了冬小麦经春化、脱春化及超期春化处理后茎类蛋白质组分的变化。发现52.5,38kD和16.2kD蛋白质与冬小麦开花诱导密切相关。mRNA体外翻译结果表明,春化作用中低温诱导与开花紧密相关的mRNA的出现有一定的顺序性。因此推测:春化诱导开花是低温导致某些特定基因表达的结果,而表达的调节主要发生在转录水平上。     

粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalix)基因文库的构建和nifH基因同源顺序的克隆

采用λ噬菌体置换型载体EMBL4,构建了Alcaligenes faecalis A-15 H1菌株总DNA的基因文库。用Sau3AⅠ限制酶完成部分酶切,取13—20kb大小的片段进行克隆。载体DNA经BamHⅠ和SaiⅠ完全双酶切,左右臂“退火”形成左右臂载体分子后再与外源片段连接。左右臂载体分子与外源片段按照1:1的分子比进行体外连接。用E.coli BHB2688和E.coli BHB2690制备的包装抽提物进行体外包装,所得基因文库效价测定为1.2×10~6 pfu,远远超过理论上所需的库容量。以nif H基因作为探针,经3轮噬菌斑原位杂交,从基因文库中筛选出含有其同源顺序的克隆,并得到了梯度点杂交的验证。对所得重组噬菌体克隆之一进行Southern转移杂交,结果证实,其3.5kb的EcoRⅠ酶切片段为nif H阳性杂交条带。将其克隆到质粒pUC19 DNA上后,转入受体菌JM101中。再次经Southern转移杂交,证明所得重组质粒克隆(pAFH)含有粪产碱菌中的与nifH基因有同源顺序的片段。     

Comprehensive profiling of accessible surface glycans of mammalian sperm using a lectin microarray

It is well known that cell surface glycans or glycocalyx play important roles in sperm motility, maturation and fertilization. A comprehensive profile of the sperm surface glycans will greatly facilitate both basic research (sperm glycobiology) and clinical studies, such as diagnostics of infertility. As a group of natural glycan binders, lectin is an ideal tool for cell surface glycan profiling. However, because of the lack of effective technology, only a few lectins have been tested for lectin-sperm binding profiles. To address this challenge, we have developed a procedure for high-throughput probing of mammalian sperm with 91 lectins on lectin microarrays. Normal sperm from human, boar, bull, goat and rabbit were collected and analyzed on the lectin microarrays. Positive bindings of a set of ~50 lectins were observed for all the sperm of 5 species, which indicated a wide range of glycans are on the surface of mammalian sperm. Species specific lectin bindings were also observed. Clustering analysis revealed that the distances of the five species according to the lectin binding profiles are consistent with that of the genome sequence based phylogenetic tree except for rabbit. The procedure that we established in this study could be generally applicable for sperm from other species or defect sperm from the same species. We believe the lectin binding profiles of the mammalian sperm that we established in this study are valuable for both basic research and clinical studies.     

乳酸菌基因改造技术研究进展

乳酸菌是一类革兰氏阳性、不产芽孢、兼性厌氧、发酵多种碳源产乳酸的重要工业微生物之一,广泛应用于食品、医药及化学品的生产当中。随着乳酸菌工业化应用范畴的不断拓展,乳酸菌生理生化特性、酸耐受特性,代谢途径及产酸调控机理的研究受到广泛关注。因此,建立稳定、高效的乳酸菌基因编辑方法,借助基因编辑技术来解析代谢关键基因及基因网络的功能,调控代谢途径,十分必要。对乳酸菌基因编辑技术的研究进展做一综述,并对乳酸菌基因编辑技术的未来研究方向进行展望。