The effect of high concentrations and orientations of Stone–Wales defects on the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons

The influence of the orientations and concentrations of the Stone–Wales (SW) defects on the thermal conductivity of zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is explored using the reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The results show that the thermal conductivity of GNRs with two different chirality cases reaches the minimum in the range of 0.1–0.7% defect concentration. Beyond a critical value of the SW defect concentration, the thermal conductivity increases with the increase in SW concentration for both zigzag and armchair GNRs. It is shown that at high concentrations of the SW defects, the thermal conductivity of zigzag GNRs with Type II defects is larger than the GNRs with Type I defects. Finally, the dependence of the SW defect concentration and orientation on the power spectra overlaps have also been explored.     

The toxicity and synergistic effects of alkyl-succinate oil on the first nymphal instars of the citrus cottony scale,Pulvinaria aurantii Cock. (Hem.: Coccidae)

The citrus cottony scale, Pulvinaria aurantii Cock. (Hem.: Coccidae) is one of the most important citrus pests in Iran. This study investigated the toxicity and synergistic effects of organophosphorous insecticides (Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, Buprofezin and DG oil) on first nymphal instars of P. aurantii in the laboratory conditions (25?±?1?°C, 75?±?5% RH and 16L:8D photoperiod). The values of LC₅₀ for Malathion, Chlorpyrifos and Buprofezin insecticides on the first nymphal instars were calculated as 76.90, 105.25 and 24.70?ppm, respectively. Also, results indicated that Buprofezin and Pyriproxifen are the most effective insecticides on first nymphal instars of P. aurantii. The values of LC₅₀ for each insecticide without oil and in half dose along with DG oil were equal. This was an indication for synergism role of DG oil combination. The results of this study showed that DG oil not only decreases the consumption of insecticides, but also increases their efficacy.     

Yoga for Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

While yoga seems to be effective in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, the evidence of efficacy in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. The aim of this review was to systematically assess and meta-analyze the available data on efficacy and safety of yoga in patients with multiple sclerosis. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CAM-Quest, CAMbase, and IndMED were searched through March 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga for patients with multiple sclerosis were included if they assessed health-related quality of life, fatigue, and/or mobility. Mood, cognitive function, and safety were defined as secondary outcome measures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Seven RCTs with a total of 670 patients were included. Evidence for short-term effects of yoga compared to usual care were found for fatigue (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.52; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = −1.02 to −0.02; p = 0.04; heterogeneity: I² = 60%; Chi² = 7.43; p = 0.06) and mood (SMD = −0.55; 95%CI = −0.96 to −0.13; p = 0.01; heterogeneity: I² = 0%; Chi² = 1.25; p = 0.53), but not for health-related quality of life, muscle function, or cognitive function. The effects on fatigue and mood were not robust against bias. No short-term or longer term effects of yoga compared to exercise were found. Yoga was not associated with serious adverse events. In conclusion, since no methodological sound evidence was found, no recommendation can be made regarding yoga as a routine intervention for patients with multiple sclerosis. Yoga might be considered a treatment option for patients who are not adherent to recommended exercise regimens.     

Pyramidal and extrapyramidal dysfunction as a sequela of hypoxic injury: case report

Background  

The clinical and radiological aspects of hypoxic brain injury without ischemia are not well characterized. A spectrum of clinical manifestations have been observed in patients that recover from hypoxic brain injury, including a subset that demonstrate persistent motor system disturbances. Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies have shown abnormalities in basal ganglia, cerebral and cerebellar cortex.     

Two mechanistically distinct forms of endocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells: Differential effects of SH3 domains and amphiphysin antagonism

We previously identified two forms of endocytosis using capacitance measurements in chromaffin cells: rapid endocytosis (RE), dynamin-1 dependent but clathrin-independent and slow endocytosis (SE), dynamin-2 and clathrin-dependent. Various recombinant SH3 domains that interact with the proline-rich domain of dynamin were introduced into single cells via the patch pipette. GST-SH3 domains of amphiphysin-1, intersectin-IC, and endophilin-I inhibited SE but had no effect on RE. Grb2-SH3 (N-terminal) or a mutant of amphiphysin-1-SH3 was inactive on either process. These data confirm that dynamin-1 dependent RE is independent of clathrin and show that amphiphysin is exclusively associated with clathrin and dynamin-2-dependent SE.