The Diamine Oxidase Gene Is Associated with Hypersensitivity Response to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs most frequently involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions. Histamine is released in the allergic response to NSAIDs and is responsible for some of the clinical symptoms. The aim of this study is to analyze clinical association of functional polymorphisms in the genes coding for enzymes involved in histamine homeostasis with hypersensitivity response to NSAIDs. We studied a cohort of 442 unrelated Caucasian patients with hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Patients who experienced three or more episodes with two or more different NSAIDs were included. If this requirement was not met diagnosis was established by challenge. A total of 414 healthy unrelated controls ethnically matched with patients and from the same geographic area were recruited. Analyses of the SNPs rs17740607, rs2073440, rs1801105, rs2052129, rs10156191, rs1049742 and rs1049793 in the HDC, HNMT and DAO genes were carried out by means of TaqMan assays. The detrimental DAO 16 Met allele (rs10156191), which causes decreased metabolic capacity, is overrepresented among patients with crossed-hypersensitivity to NSAIDs with an OR  = 1.7 (95% CI  = 1.3–2.1; Pc  = 0.0003) with a gene-dose effect (P = 0.0001). The association was replicated in two populations from different geographic areas (Pc  = 0.008 and Pc  = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions and implications

The DAO polymorphism rs10156191 which causes impaired metabolism of circulating histamine is associated with the clinical response in crossed-hypersensitivity to NSAIDs and could be used as a biomarker of response.     

绵羊羊膜上皮细胞治疗兔桡骨缺损模型的研究

为了确定绵羊羊膜上皮细胞在体内向骨组织的分化能力,实验在分离培养绵羊羊膜上皮细胞并对其进行干细胞特性的鉴定的基础上,制作新西兰大白兔桡骨13mm骨缺损模型,随机分组对其进行注射绵羊羊膜上皮细胞实验。高剂量组:移植细胞5×107个;低剂量组:移植细胞5×106个;对照组:生理盐水。细胞移植后2、4、8周拍摄X光片观察骨缺损部位的缺损修复情况;相应时段取骨缺损部位新生骨进行组织学观察:分析骨小梁生成数量和骨的改建时期。实验结果显示,高剂量实验组在移入细胞第8周,骨缺损完全修复,且同期高剂量组新骨生成的数量和质量明显高于低剂量组,低剂量组优于对照组。由此可见,绵羊羊膜上皮细胞不仅可以在不同种动物间进行移植,而且对骨缺损有良好的修复能力。     

shRNA随机文库结合TK自杀基因筛选靶向HIV-1LTR相关宿主因子

构建shRNA随机文库与HIV-1 LTR启动胸苷激酶基因(TK基因)稳定表达的稳定细胞系HEK293/TK,将两者结合起来,筛选靶向HIV-1 LTR相关宿主因子.方法:通过化学合成含有19个随机脱氧核苷酸的发夹结构,将其退火补平后与合成的接头Linker连接进行PCR反应,将PCR产物酶切后置于慢病毒载体pLenti-U6启动子下游由此构建shRNA随机文库;利用重叠PCR将HIV-1 LTR片段和TK基因连接起来,连接产物经酶切后与pcDNA3.1载体连接;将连接正确的质粒转染HEK293细胞同时用G418加压筛选获得稳定细胞系HEK293/TK;将所获得的文库质粒包装成慢病毒后侵染所构建的HEK293/TK细胞系,通过加入药物GCV进行加压筛选获得存活细胞.结果:成功筛选到加药后存活下来的细胞,抽提细胞基因组,采用巢式PCR扩增目的干扰序列并用Western blot对干扰序列进行验证,鉴定获得一个克隆所表达的shRNA能对TK基因的表达起到抑制作用,通过测序分析获得其干扰序列,该序列很有可能针对HIV-1 LTR某宿主相关因子.结论:成功构建了一种筛选HIV-1 LTR相关宿主因子的方法,筛选所得序列可以定位到具体相关宿主因子,为靶向筛选抗HIV-1药物提供了重要手段.     

从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗Acr蛋白人源单链抗体

目的:从天然的大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选特异的抗结核分枝杆菌晶体蛋白( alpha-crystallin Acr)的人源抗体.方法:以结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白包被免疫管,通过对噬菌体抗体库进行4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的过程从大容量抗体库中筛选特异性抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的抗体,并对可变区序列进行了测序分析.将特异性的噬菌体抗体感染HB2151菌,经IPTG诱导表达,制备了抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体;对其序列和抗原结合活性进行分析鉴定.结果:经过4轮筛选,获得了43个与结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白结合的阳性克隆,其中29个特异结合的克隆;测序分析有26不同的可变区片段;通过可溶性单链抗体(scFv)表达筛选到14株特异性结合Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体克隆;经过基因测序,分析了可变区基因的亚群.成功制备了可溶性单链抗体.Westren blotting分析证实筛选的人源单链抗体能与天然蛋白结合.结论:利用单链大容量抗体库获得抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的噬菌体抗体并且成功制备抗结核分枝杆菌Acr天然蛋白的可溶性单链抗体,为今后的研究和应用奠定基础.     

药物引起肾功能损伤的研究进展

肾脏是人体血流量丰富,耗氧量最大的主要脏器之一。药物主要是帮助机体对抗疾病,同时药物也可以引起组织器官的损伤。由于大部分药物及其代谢产物经由肾脏排出体外,大大增加了药物对肾功能损伤的机率。因此,研究药物对肾脏的毒性作用并弄清药物所导致的肾损伤的作用机制,就显得尤为重要。这对于开发新药和临床合理用药均有着重要的意义。本文就目前引起肾损伤药物和引起损伤的相关机制进行综述。     

海南黄牛HSF1 cDNA全长的克隆与序列分析

目的：根据人、小鼠HSF1cDNA保守区序列设计引物,通过PCR方法扩增海南黄牛HSF1cDNA,并进行序列分析。方法：利用RT-PCR、半巢式PCR以及3＇-RACE技术分段扩增得到了海南黄牛HSF1cDNA序列,测序正确后进行拼接。用DNAMAN 生物信息学软件分析海南黄牛HSF1 cDNA与赫里福德牛、人、小鼠同源性和海南黄牛HSF1蛋白的氨基酸组成、等电点、亲/疏水区等蛋白质性质,并根据各种动物HSF1蛋白绘制进化树。结果：（1）海南黄牛的HSF1 cDNA序列全长为1 993bp,包括150bp的5＇非翻译区,1 578bp的开放阅读框以及264bp（不含poly（A）尾）的3＇非翻译区,编码524个氨基酸,分子量为56.42 kD,等电点（pI）为 4.79。（2）海南黄牛的HSF1 cDNA与赫里福德牛、小鼠和人HSF1 cDNA的同源性分别为98.99 %、81.78 %、87.82 %,相应编码蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性分别为98.86 %、83.84 %、89.06 %,其中N-末端和C-末端高度保守,而中间区域存在缺失或替换。（3）根据氨基酸序列构建不同动物HSF1蛋白的进化树,与采用经典遗传分类法构建的进化树基本一致。结论：首次克隆了海南黄牛 HSF1 cDNA全长,分析表明：海南黄牛HSF1蛋白是亲水性蛋白,在8种动物中,其同源性大于73 %,高度保守。海南黄牛与赫里福德牛HSF1蛋白同源性高达98.86 %,在三聚体化区域、转录调节域和激活域存在6个位点的单氨基酸突变,这些发现为进一步揭示海南黄牛抗热性状形成的分子机制提供了重要依据。     

Expression of podocalyxin enhances the adherence, migration, and intercellular communication of cells

Podocalyxin (PODXL) is an anti-adhesive glycoprotein expressed abundantly in the epithelial cells of kidney glomeruli. In contrast, we report herein that expression of podocalyxin_GFP (PODXL_GFP) in CHO cells increased the adherence to immobilized fibronectin, spreading, and migration. The transient knockdown of PODXL or the expression of PODXL lacking the cytosolic carboxyterminal domain (PODXL-Δ₄₅₁) inhibited cell adherence. Moreover, the effect of PODXL was prevented by the ectodomain of podocalyxin (PODXL-Δ₄₂₉), by RGD peptides, or by inhibitors of the vitronectin receptor (αvβ3). CHO-PODXL_GFP also showed adherence to human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), exhibiting polarization of granular PODXL and emission of long and thin, spike-like, protrusions with PODXL granules progressing along. We found PODXL colocalized with β1 integrins at membrane ruffle regions on the leading edge of the cell and a blocking β1 mAb prevented the spreading of cells. PODXL was also associated with submembrane actin in lamellipodia ruffles, or with vinculin at cell protrusions. The proadhesive effects of PODXL were absent in sialic acid deficient O-glycomutant CHO cells. To conclude, we present evidence indicating that human PODXL enhances the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands and to vascular endothelial cells through a mechanism(s) dependent on the activity of integrins.