排序方式: 共有97条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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DNA microarrays are being used to comprehensively examine gene expression networks during the plant defense response that
is triggered when a plant encounters a pathogen or an elicitor molecule. In addition to identifying new genes induced during
defense, these studies are providing new insights into the complex pathways governing defense gene regulation. 相似文献
33.
Is there an inner nose? 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Although behavioral and neuropsychological data regarding the existence of
images for odors are inconclusive, reconsideration of earlier EEG work
provides reasonably clear evidence for an inner nose. However, further EEG
studies and neuroimaging data seem essential for conclusive demonstration
of an inner nose.
相似文献
34.
Kristen Aiemjoy Nicole E. Stoller Sintayehu Gebresillasie Ayalew Shiferaw Zerihun Tadesse Tegene Sewnet Bezuayehu Ayele Melsew Chanyalew Kelly Callahan Aisha Stewart Paul M. Emerson Thomas M. Lietman Jeremy D. Keenan Catherine E. Oldenburg 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(10)
BackgroundFace cleanliness is a core component of the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements) strategy for trachoma control. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to face washing may be helpful for designing effective interventions for improving facial cleanliness.MethodsIn April 2014, a mixed methods study including focus groups and a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the East Gojjam zone of the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Participants were asked about face washing practices, motivations for face washing, use of soap (which may reduce bacterial load), and fly control strategies.ResultsOverall, both knowledge and reported practice of face washing was high. Participants reported they knew that washing their own face and their children’s faces daily was important for hygiene and infection control. Although participants reported high knowledge of the importance of soap for face washing, quantitative data revealed strong variations by community in the use of soap for face washing, ranging from 4.4% to 82.2% of households reporting using soap for face washing. Cost and forgetfulness were cited as barriers to the use of soap for face washing. Keeping flies from landing on children was a commonly cited motivator for regular face washing, as was trachoma prevention.ConclusionsInterventions aiming to improve facial cleanliness for trachoma prevention should focus on habit formation (to address forgetfulness) and address barriers to the use of soap, such as reducing cost. Interventions that focus solely on improving knowledge may not be effective for changing face-washing behaviors. 相似文献
35.
Hypotonic Challenge of Endothelial Cells Increases Membrane Stiffness with No Effect on Tether Force
Manuela Aseye Ayele Ayee Elizabeth LeMaster Tao Teng James Lee Irena Levitan 《Biophysical journal》2018,114(4):929-938
Regulation of cell volume is a fundamental property of all mammalian cells. Multiple signaling pathways are known to be activated by cell swelling and to contribute to cell volume homeostasis. Although cell mechanics and membrane tension have been proposed to couple cell swelling to signaling pathways, the impact of swelling on cellular biomechanics and membrane tension have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we use atomic force microscopy under isotonic and hypotonic conditions to measure mechanical properties of endothelial membranes including membrane stiffness, which reflects the stiffness of the submembrane cytoskeleton complex, and the force required for membrane tether formation, reflecting membrane tension and membrane-cytoskeleton attachment. We find that hypotonic swelling results in significant stiffening of the endothelial membrane without a change in membrane tension/membrane-cytoskeleton attachment. Furthermore, depolymerization of F-actin, which, as expected, results in a dramatic decrease in the cellular elastic modulus of both the membrane and the deeper cytoskeleton, indicating a collapse of the cytoskeleton scaffold, does not abrogate swelling-induced stiffening of the membrane. Instead, this swelling-induced stiffening of the membrane is enhanced. We propose that the membrane stiffening should be attributed to an increase in hydrostatic pressure that results from an influx of solutes and water into the cells. Most importantly, our results suggest that increased hydrostatic pressure, rather than changes in membrane tension, could be responsible for activating volume-sensitive mechanisms in hypotonically swollen cells. 相似文献
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Jocelyn A. Ozga Dennis M. Reinecke Belay T. Ayele Phuong Ngo Courtney Nadeau Aruna D. Wickramarathna 《Plant physiology》2009,150(1):448-462
In pea (Pisum sativum), normal fruit growth requires the presence of the seeds. The coordination of growth between the seed and ovary tissues involves phytohormones; however, the specific mechanisms remain speculative. This study further explores the roles of the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and catabolism genes during pollination and fruit development and in seed and auxin regulation of pericarp growth. Pollination and fertilization events not only increase pericarp PsGA3ox1 message levels (codes for GA 3-oxidase that converts GA20 to bioactive GA1) but also reduce pericarp PsGA2ox1 mRNA levels (codes for GA 2-oxidase that mainly catabolizes GA20 to GA29), suggesting a concerted regulation to increase levels of bioactive GA1 following these events. 4-Chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA) was found to mimic the seeds in the stimulation of PsGA3ox1 and the repression of PsGA2ox1 mRNA levels as well as the stimulation of PsGA2ox2 mRNA levels (codes for GA 2-oxidase that mainly catabolizes GA1 to GA8) in pericarp at 2 to 3 d after anthesis, while the other endogenous pea auxin, IAA, did not. This GA gene expression profile suggests that both seeds and 4-Cl-IAA can stimulate the production, as well as modulate the half-life, of bioactive GA1, leading to initial fruit set and subsequent growth and development of the ovary. Consistent with these gene expression profiles, deseeded pericarps converted [14C]GA12 to [14C]GA1 only if treated with 4-Cl-IAA. These data further support the hypothesis that 4-Cl-IAA produced in the seeds is transported to the pericarp, where it differentially regulates the expression of pericarp GA biosynthesis and catabolism genes to modulate the level of bioactive GA1 required for initial fruit set and growth. 相似文献
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Magdalena Nutu Birgitta Weijdegård Peter Thomas Ann Thurin-Kjellberg Håkan Billig DG Joakim Larsson 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2009,7(1):89
Background
The controlled beating of cilia of the fallopian tube plays an important role in facilitating the meeting of gametes and subsequently transporting the fertilized egg to its implantation site. Rapid effects of progesterone on ciliary beat frequency have been reported in the fallopian tubes of cows, but the identity of the receptors mediating this non-genomic action of progesterone is not known. We recently identified a member of the non-genomic membrane progesterone receptor family, mPR gamma, as a candidate for mediating these actions of progesterone. Here, we investigated the possible presence of a related receptor, mPR beta, in the fallopian tubes of mice and women as well as the possible hormonal regulation of mPR beta and gamma. 相似文献39.
Damian DG Gessler Gary S Schiltz Greg D May Shulamit Avraham Christopher D Town David Grant Rex T Nelson 《BMC bioinformatics》2009,10(1):309-21