ABSTRACT A novel compound, (R)-4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (1), and six known compounds (2–7) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the wild edible mushroom Leucopaxillus giganteus. The planar structure of 1 was determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparing specific rotation of the synthetic compounds. In the plant regulatory assay, the isolated compounds (1–7) and the chemically prepared compounds (8–10) were evaluated their biological activity against the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) growth. Compounds 1 and 3–10 showed the significant regulatory activity of lettuce growth. 1 showed the strongest inhibition activity among the all the compounds tested. In the lung cancer assay, all the compounds were assessed the mRNA expression of Axl and immune checkpoints (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the human A549 alveolar epithelial cell line by RT-PCR. Compounds 1–10 showed significant inhibition activity against Axl and/or immune checkpoint. 相似文献
Hydrangea bretschneideri Dipp is a highly popular ornamental plant for garden decoration. Genetic engineering
technology has been successfully used in many plant species, but it is limited in Hydrangea. Here we established
an efficient regeneration system by using stem segments as explants for the first time. In our study, the plant
growth regulators (PGRs) were evaluated at the different regeneration processes, including axillary shoots regeneration and root induction. We found that the optimal concentration for axillary buds’ induction was 2.0 mgL−1
6-BA and 0.5 mgL−1
1 IAA, its highest induction rate was 70%. Moreover, the highest axillary shoots proliferation
coefficient was 10.7 on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mgL−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.2 mgL−1
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1.0 mgL−1 gibberellin A3 (GA3). The highest frequency of root induction was
80.0 ± 0.06% by culturing the elongated shoots in 1/2 MS medium containing 0.1 mgL−1 IBA. In summary,
our study will provide an effective technology for large-scale propagation and important pathway for promoting
the popularization and application of Hydrangea bretschneideri Dipp. 相似文献
Rhodiola quadrifida is a rare mountain medicinal plant whose root
extracts are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a hemostatic, antitussive,
and tonic in the treatment of gynecological diseases. The aim of the study was
to obtain R. quadrifida cultures at different degrees of differentiation in vitro
and compare their growth characteristics and the content of salidroside and rosavin. Hairy roots were obtained by incubating cotyledons and hypocotyls in a suspension of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. The presence of the rolB and
rolC genes was proven by polymerase chain reaction. The obtained roots were
cultivated in Murashige-Skoog medium (MS). Calluses were obtained from the
hairy roots in MS medium with the addition of hormones: 3 mg/L 2,4 D and
0.5 mg/L BAP. The presence of the main secondary metabolites of R. quadrifida,
salidroside and rosavin, in calluses and salidroside in hairy roots by HPLC/MS
was confirmed. The content of salidroside in callus culture was significantly
higher than in hairy roots, 0.158 and 0.047%, respectively. The content of rosavin
in callus culture was 0.07%. The content of rosavin and salidroside in callus culture
was close to the level of these substances in the rhizomes of R. quadrifida plants
growing in vivo, making this culture promising for its possible biotechnological use. 相似文献
Journal of Ichthyology - In Lake Amut (the Verkhnyaya Angara drainage basin) the third population of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Baikal basin was found, a presumed invader from the Lena... 相似文献
Plant and Soil - Data about woody debris (WD) decomposition are very scarce for the Mediterranean basin. The specific aim of this work is to explore the relationships between WD traits with the... 相似文献
Journal of Ichthyology - Based on the morphological features, four rare alien species in the Kapchagai reservoir were identified: Coregonus peled, Parasalmo mykiss, Megalobrama mantschuricus, and... 相似文献
Movement of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and lake sturgeon (A. fulvescens) in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Québec, Canada) are not fully understood. To assess the movement extent of both species, a mark–recapture study was conducted in collaboration with commercial fishermen operating in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Between 1981 and 2015, 3,367 Atlantic sturgeon (fork length 21.8–199.5 cm) and 3,180 lake sturgeon (fork length 17.8–190.8 cm) were tagged and released. Of these, 673 Atlantic sturgeon and 42 lake sturgeon were recaptured. The maximum distances traveled between capture and recapture locations were 1,307 km for Atlantic sturgeon (8 years after initial capture) and 252 km for lake sturgeon (less than 1 year after initial capture). Statistical analyses identified differences in the dispersal distance of both species as revealed by a first component characterized by individuals with short dispersal distances (98% and <35 km for Atlantic sturgeon; 58% and <1 km for lake sturgeon) and a second component characterized by individuals with longer dispersal distances (2% and >600 km for Atlantic sturgeon; 42% and >190 km for lake sturgeon). We suggest that the short dispersal distances detected in the vast majority of Atlantic sturgeon recaptures likely reflect strong site fidelity, highlighting the importance of the St. Lawrence Estuary as a preferred habitat for juveniles and subadults. Although recaptures were low for lake sturgeon because this species is only marginally targeted by commercial fishermen in the St. Lawrence Estuary, our results also showed that this species uses estuarine habitats and that half of the population seems to exhibit strong site fidelity (67% of individuals were recaptured within 2 km). 相似文献
Environmental Biology of Fishes - Cortisol is recognized as a physiological indicator of stress in fish. However, this hormone is typically measured in plasma samples. In this study, cortisol... 相似文献
Benthic surveys are a key component of monitoring and conservation efforts for coral reefs worldwide. While traditional image-based surveys rely on manual annotation of photographs to characterise benthic composition, automatic image annotation based on computer vision is becoming increasingly common. However, accurate classification of some benthic groups from reflectance images presents a challenge to local ecologists and computers alike. Most coral reef organisms produce one or a combination of fluorescent pigments, such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-like proteins found in corals, chlorophyll-a found in all photosynthetic organisms, and phycobiliproteins found in red macroalgae, crustose coralline algae (CCA) and cyanobacteria. Building on the potential of these pigments as a target for automatic image annotation, we developed a novel imaging method based on off-the-shelf components to improve classification of coral and other biotic substrates using a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging system. We used RGB cameras to image the fluorescence emission of coral and algal pigments stimulated by narrow-waveband blue and green light, and then combined the information into three-channel pseudocolour images. Using a set of a priori rules defined by the relative pixel intensity produced in different channels, the method achieved successful classification of organisms into three categories based on the dominant fluorescent pigment expressed, facilitating discrimination of traditionally problematic groups. This work provides a conceptual foundation for future technological developments that will improve the cost, accuracy and speed of coral reef surveys.