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Gissela Borrego-Soto Rocío Ortiz-López Augusto Rojas-Martínez 《Genetics and molecular biology》2015,38(4):420-432
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Radiotherapy is frequently used
in patients with breast cancer, but some patients may be more susceptible to ionizing
radiation, and increased exposure to radiation sources may be associated to radiation
adverse events. This susceptibility may be related to deficiencies in DNA repair
mechanisms that are activated after cell-radiation, which causes DNA damage,
particularly DNA double strand breaks. Some of these genetic susceptibilities in
DNA-repair mechanisms are implicated in the etiology of hereditary breast/ovarian
cancer (pathologic mutations in the BRCA 1 and 2 genes), but other
less penetrant variants in genes involved in sporadic breast cancer have been
described. These same genetic susceptibilities may be involved in negative
radiotherapeutic outcomes. For these reasons, it is necessary to implement methods
for detecting patients who are susceptible to radiotherapy-related adverse events.
This review discusses mechanisms of DNA damage and repair, genes related to these
functions, and the diagnosis methods designed and under research for detection of
breast cancer patients with increased radiosensitivity. 相似文献
165.
Giulia Di Rocco Gianantonio Battistuzzi Carlo Augusto Bortolotti Marco Borsari Erika Ferrari Stefano Monari Marco Sola 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2011,16(3):461-471
The 16-kDa diheme cytochrome c from the bacterium Shewanella baltica OS155 (Sb-DHC) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and investigated through UV–vis, magnetic circular dichroism, and 1H NMR spectroscopies and protein voltammetry. The model structure was obtained by means of comparative modeling using the
X-ray structure of Rhodobacter sphaeroides diheme cytochrome c (Rs-DHC) (with a 37% pairwise sequence identity) as a template. Sb-DHC folds into two distinct domains, each containing one
heme center with a bis-His axial ligation. Both secondary and tertiary structures of the N-terminal domain resemble those
of class I cytochrome c, displaying three α-helices and a compact overall folding. The C-terminal domain is less helical than the corresponding domain
of Rs-DHC. The two heme groups are bridged by Tyr26 in correspondence with the shortest edge-to-edge distance, a feature which
would facilitate fast internal electron transfer. The electronic properties of the two prosthetic centers are equivalent and
sensitive to two acid–base equilibria with pK
a values of approximately 2.4 and 5, likely corresponding to protonation and detachment of the axial His ligands from the heme
iron and a pH-linked conformational change of the protein, respectively. Reduction potentials of −0.144 and −0.257 V (vs.
the standard hydrogen electrode), were determined for the C- and N-terminal heme groups, respectively. An approach based on
the extended Debye–Hückel equation was applied for the first time to a two-centered metalloprotein and was found to reproduce
successfully the ionic strength dependence of E°′. 相似文献
166.
Eriston Vieira Gomes Lucas Breseguello
Do Nascimento Marcos Augusto
De Freitas Luiz Carlos Bhering Nasser Silvana Petrofeza 《Journal of Phytopathology》2011,159(2):94-99
Microsatellites are powerful markers to infer population genetic parameters. We used 10 microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of 79 samples of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolated from four Brazilian dry bean populations and observed that eight of them were polymorphic within populations. We identified 102 different haplotypes ranging from 6 to 18 per locus. Analyses based on genetic diversity and fixation indices indicated variability among and within populations of 28.79% (FST = 28793) and 71.21%, respectively. To examine genetic relatedness among S. sclerotiorum isolates, we used internal spacer (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and sequencing analysis. PCR‐RFLP analysis of these regions failed to show any genetic differences among isolates. However, we detected variability within the sequence, which does not support the hypothesis of clonal populations within each population. High variability within and among populations may indicate the introduction of new genotypes in the areas analysed, in addition to the occurrence of clonal and sexual reproduction in the populations of S. sclerotiorum in the Brazilian Cerrado. 相似文献
167.
Colauto Nelson Barros da Eira Augusto Ferreira Linde Giani Andrea 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(12):3015-3018
The preservation of Agaricus blazei is generally done by mycelial subculturing, but this technique may cause genetic degenerations. Despite this, there is not
an efficient protocol established to preserve this fungus and cryopreservation could be an alternative. This study aimed to
evaluate two freezing protocols for cryopreservation at −80°C of A. blazei strains. Five fungus strains grown on rice grains with husk and were transferred to glycerol (10%) in cryovials. Next, the
cryovials were submitted to two freezing temperature protocols: (1) cryopreservation starting at 25°C, then at 8°C for 30 min
and kept at −80°C; (2) cryopreservation starting at 25°C, then 8°C for 30 min, −196°C for 15 min and kept at −80°C. After
1 year of cryopreservation, the cryovials were thawed in a water bath at 30°C for 15 min and transferred to malt extract agar
medium. It was concluded that the one-year cryopreservation process of A. blazei, grown on rice grains and cryopreserved at −80°C in glycerol 10%, is viable. The slow freezing, from 8 to −80°C, is effective
whereas the fast freezing, from 8 to −196°C and then to −80°C, is ineffective. The different genetic characteristics among
the strains of this fungus do not interfere in the cryopreservation process. 相似文献
168.
Lucélia Santi Lucas André Dedavid e Silva Walter Orlando Beys da Silva Ana Paula Folmer Corrêa Drauzio Eduardo Naretto Rangel Célia Regina Carlini Augusto Schrank Marilene Henning Vainstein 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(10):2297-2303
The cotton stainer bug Dysdercus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is an insect pest that causes heavy losses in cotton plantations. The need to reduce the use of insecticides for control of this pest has increased steadily, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) could be an important biopesticide candidate to control this pest. The effect of M. anisopliae on D. peruvianus nymphs and adults using formulations with soybean oil and Agral® was evaluated. Formulation using 10% soybean oil added to 108 conidia mL?1 (grown on used and reused rice) was the most effective for nymph and adult, causing 100% mortality 6 and 7 days after exposure, respectively. The SEM analysis of infected insects showed that M. anisopliae conidia were able to adhere anywhere on the exoskeleton, but were more abundant between the joints. Using the same rice for two batches of growth may be an option for improving commercial conidial production of M. anisopliae and may reduce overall costs. Its effect on D. peruvianus adults opens a new possibility for using this fungus as an alternative to chemical pesticides and the use of M. anisopliae in association with integrate pest management. 相似文献
169.
A study was performed on the influence of wood variability on char steam gasification kinetics. Isothermal experiments were carried out in a thermobalance in chemical regime on various wood chars produced under the same conditions. The samples exhibited large differences of average reaction rate. These differences were linked neither with the biomass species nor age and may be related to the biomass inorganic elements. A modelling approach was developed to give a quantitative insight to these observations. The grain model was used on one biomass of reference for temperatures between 750 and 900 °C and steam partial pressures between 0 and 0.27 bar. The model was applied to the other samples through the addition of an integral parameter specific to each sample. A satisfactory correlation was found between this parameter and the ratio potassium/silicium. This result highlighted the catalytic effect of potassium and inhibitor effect of silicium on the reaction. 相似文献
170.