全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1400篇 |
免费 | 71篇 |
专业分类
1471篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 39篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 92篇 |
2012年 | 122篇 |
2011年 | 116篇 |
2010年 | 79篇 |
2009年 | 57篇 |
2008年 | 72篇 |
2007年 | 78篇 |
2006年 | 63篇 |
2005年 | 68篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 47篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1944年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1471条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Background
The impressive correlation between cardiovascular disease and glucose metabolism alterations has raised the likelihood that atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes may share common antecedents. Inflammation is emerging as a conceivable etiologic mechanism for both. Interleukins are regulatory proteins with ability to accelerate or inhibit inflammatory processes.Presentation of the hypothesis
A novel interleukins classification is described, based on their role in diabetes and atherosclerosis, hypothesizing that each interleukin (IL) acts on both diseases in the same direction – regardless if harmful, favorable or neutral.Testing the hypothesis
The 29 known interleukins were clustered into three groups: noxious (the "bad", 8 members), comprising IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-17 and IL-18; protective (the "good", 5 members), comprising IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12 and IL-13; and "aloof", comprising IL-5, IL-9, IL-14, IL-16 and IL-19 through IL-29 (15 members). Each group presented converging effects on both diseases. IL-3 was reluctant to clustering.Implications
These observations imply that 1) favorable effects of a given IL on either diabetes or atherosclerosis predicts similar effects on the other; 2) equally, harmful IL effects on one disease can be extrapolated to the other; and 3) absence of influence of a given IL on one of these diseases forecasts lack of effects on the other. These facts further support the unifying etiologic theory of both ailments, emphasizing the importance of a cardiovascular diabetologic approach to interleukins for future research. Pharmacologic targeting of these cytokines might provide an effective means to simultaneously control both atherosclerosis and diabetes. 相似文献72.
73.
Abhimanyu Jogawat Shreya Saha Madhunita Bakshi Vikram Dayaman Manoj Kumar Meenakshi Dua Ajit Varma Ralf Oelmüller Narendra Tuteja Atul Kumar Johri 《Plant signaling & behavior》2013,8(10)
Piriformospora indica association has been reported to increase biotic as well as abiotic stress tolerance of its host plants. We analyzed the beneficial effect of P. indica association on rice seedlings during high salt stress conditions (200 and 300 mM NaCl). The growth parameters of rice seedlings such as root and shoot lengths or fresh and dry weights were found to be enhanced in P. indica-inoculated rice seedlings as compared with non-inoculated control seedlings, irrespective of whether they are exposed to salt stress or not. However, salt-stressed seedlings performed much better in the presence of the fungus compared with non-inoculated control seedlings. The photosynthetic pigment content [chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids] was significantly higher in P. indica-inoculated rice seedlings under high salt stress conditions as compared with salt-treated non-inoculated rice seedlings, in which these pigments were found to be decreased. Proline accumulation was also observed during P. indica colonization, which may help the inoculated plants to become salt tolerant. Taken together, P. indica rescues growth diminution of rice seedlings under salt stress. 相似文献
74.
A macro and micro assay for the spectrophotometric determination of serum nitrite and nitrate was developed. Nitrite/nitrate in biological samples can be estimated in a single step by this method. The principle of the assay is the reduction of nitrate by copper-cadmium alloy, followed by color development with Griess reagent (sulfanilamide and N-naphthylethylenediamine) in acidic medium. This assay is sensitive to 1 microM nitrate and is suitable for different biological fluids, including sera with a high lipid concentration. The copper-cadmium alloy used in the present method is easy to prepare and can completely reduce nitrate to nitrite in an hour. The present method provides a simple, cost-effective assay for the estimation of stable oxidation products of nitric oxide in biological samples. 相似文献
75.
Tiwari R Priyamvada Singh R Nainawatee HS Kumar R Tyagi BS Gupta RK Nagarajan S 《Indian journal of experimental biology》2002,40(3):309-313
Detection of 1Dx5 gene and presence of 1B/1R wheat rye translocation were studied in nineteen elite Indian wheat genotypes using AS-PCR and STS markers, respectively. Fifteen genotypes had 1B/1R translocation whereas ten showed presence of 1Dx5 gene. More than 50 per cent of the genotypes tested were found positive for both 1Dx5 and 1B/1R translocation. The results are in conformity with HMW glutenin SDS-PAGE profile for 1Dx5 and cytological observations for 1B/1R translocation. 相似文献
76.
L-Alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase was detected in the kidney cytosolic fraction with a lower specific activity than the mitochondrial enzyme. The enzyme was purified from the cytosol to homogeneity with a yield of 32%, and comparative analysis with the mitochondrial form was performed. Both forms of the enzyme have identical pH and temperature optima and also share common antigenic determinants. However, differences in their molecular properties exist. The molecular mass of the native cytoplasmic enzyme is 260 kDa, whereas that of the mitochondrial enzyme is 210 kDa. In addition, the cytoplasmic L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase had a homopolymeric subunit molecular mass of 67 kDa compared to a subunit molecular mass of 50 kDa for the mitochondrial L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase. This is the first report of two forms of L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase. The different responses of cytosolic and mitochondrial L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminases to hemin supplementation both in vitro and in vivo was demonstrated. Maximum inhibition of mitochondrial L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase activity was demonstrated with hemin injected at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg body mass, whereas the same dose of hemin stimulated the cytosolic enzyme to 150% of the control. A one-dimensional peptide map of partially digested cytosolic and mitochondrial L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase shows that the two forms of the enzymes are structurally related. Partial digestion of the cytosolic form of the enzyme with papain generated a fragment of 50 kDa which was identical to that of the undigested mitochondrial form (50 kDa). Moreover, papain digestion resulted in a threefold increase in cytosolic enzyme activity over the native enzyme, and such enhancement was comparable to the activity of the mitochondrial form of the enzyme. Therefore, we conclude that the cytosolic form of L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase is different from the mitochondrial enzyme. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis indicated that the mitochondrial enzyme has antigenic similarity to the cytosolic enzyme as well as to the papain-digested cytosolic enzyme 50-kDa fragment. 相似文献
77.
In vitro clonal propagation of Capparis decidua was achieved using nodal explants from mature trees, and cotyledonary node, cotyledon and hypocotyl explants taken from the seedlings. Explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP showed differentiation of multiple shoots and shoot buds in 4–5 weeks in the primary cultures. The medium with BAP (5 mg/l) was the best for shoot bud proliferation from the nodal as well as seedling explant. Shoot multiplication was best on cotyledonary node. In the nodal explants shoot multiplication was best on medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP and after second subculturing further multiplication of shoot buds was highest on the medium containing 3 mg/l BAP. Shoots were separated from mother cultures in each subculturing for rooting. Rooting was best achieved using 1 mg/l IBA in the medium. Rooted plantlets were transferred td earthen pots with garden soil and peat moss mixture. 相似文献
78.
79.
The concentration-dependence of the diffusion and sedimentation coefficients (kD and ks, respectively) of a protein can be used to determine the second virial coefficient (B2), a parameter valuable in predicting protein-protein interactions. Accurate measurement of B2 under physiologically and pharmaceutically relevant conditions, however, requires independent measurement of kD and ks via orthogonal techniques. We demonstrate this by utilizing sedimentation velocity (SV) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to analyze solutions of hen-egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and a monoclonal antibody (mAb1) in different salt solutions. The accuracy of the SV-DLS method was established by comparing measured and literature B2 values for HEWL. In contrast to the assumptions necessary for determining kD and ks via SV alone, kD and ks were of comparable magnitudes, and solution conditions were noted for both HEWL and mAb1 under which 1), kD and ks assumed opposite signs; and 2), kD ≥ ks. Further, we demonstrate the utility of kD and ks as qualitative predictors of protein aggregation through agitation and accelerated stability studies. Aggregation of mAb1 correlated well with B2, kD, and ks, thus establishing the potential for kD to serve as a high-throughput predictor of protein aggregation. 相似文献