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61.
The metabolism of d-gluconate-[1-14C] and -[6-14C] by segments from etiolated hypocotyls of Phaseolus mungo has been studied. The release of 14CO2 from gluconate-[1-14C] was greater than that from gluconate-[6-14C] in all parts of hypocotyls examined. Incorporation of the radioactivity from gluconate-[6-14C] into RNA, lignin and aromatic amino acid fractions was greater in the upper (younger) part of the hypocotyls. Incorporation into sugars was greater in the lower (more mature) parts. 相似文献
62.
Shigehiro Abe Atsushi Kaida Kazunori Kanemaru Keiichiro Nakazato Naoko Yokomizo Yutaka Kobayashi Masahiko Miura Toshio Miki Chiaki Hidai Hisataka Kitano Tetsuya Yoda 《Cell proliferation》2022,55(10)
ObjectivesAlthough multilineage cells derived from oral tissues, especially the dental pulp, apical papilla, periodontal ligament, and oral mucosa, have neural crest‐derived stem cell (NCSC)‐like properties, the differences in the characteristics of these progenitor cell compartments remain unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate these differences.Material and methodsSphere‐forming apical papilla‐derived cells (APDCs), periodontal ligament‐derived cells (PDLDCs), and oral mucosa stroma‐derived cells (OMSDCs) from the same individuals were isolated from impacted developing teeth. All sphere‐forming cells were characterized through biological analyses of stem cells.ResultsAll sphere‐forming cells expressed neural crest‐related markers. The expression of certain tissue‐specific markers such as CD24 and CD56 (NCAM1) differed among tissue‐derived cells. Surprisingly, the expression of only CD24 and CD56 could be discriminated in human tissues. Although APDCs and PDLDCs exhibited greater mineralized cell differentiation than OMSDCs, they exhibited poorer differentiation into adipocytes in vitro. In immunocompromised mice, APDCs formed hard tissues better than PDLDCs and OMSDCs.ConclusionsAlthough cells with NCSC‐like properties present the same phenotype, they differ in the expression of certain markers and differentiation abilities. This study is the first to demonstrate the differences in the differentiation ability and molecular markers among multilineage human APDCs, PDLDCs, and OMSDCs obtained from the same patients, and to identify tissue‐specific markers that distinguish tissues in the developing stage of the human tooth with immature apex.This study illustrates that neural crest‐derived cells from distinct oral tissues, namely the apical papilla, periodontal ligament, and oral mucosa, have varying differentiation potential, and tissue‐derived cell‐specific molecular markers have been identified. CD24 and NCAM1/CD56 expression were found to differ among multilineage oral tissue‐derived cells, similar to our observation in human tissue. 相似文献
63.
Anzai N Miyazaki H Noshiro R Khamdang S Chairoungdua A Shin HJ Enomoto A Sakamoto S Hirata T Tomita K Kanai Y Endou H 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(44):45942-45950
The urate-anion exchanger URAT1 is a member of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family that regulates blood urate level in humans and is targeted by uricosuric and antiuricosuric agents. URAT1 is expressed only in the kidney, where it is thought to participate in tubular urate reabsorption. We found that the multivalent PDZ (PSD-95, Drosophila discs-large protein, Zonula occludens protein 1) domain-containing protein, PDZK1 interacts with URAT1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Such an interaction requires the PDZ motif of URAT1 in its extreme intracellular C-terminal region and the first, second, and fourth PDZ domains of PDZK1 as identified by yeast two-hybrid assay, in vitro binding assay and surface plasmon resonance analysis (K(D) = 1.97-514 nM). Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that the wild-type URAT1, but not its mutant lacking the PDZ-motif, directly interacts with PDZK1. Colocalization of URAT1 and PDZK1 was observed at the apical membrane of renal proximal tubular cells. The association of URAT1 with PDZK1 enhanced urate transport activities in HEK293 cells (1.4-fold), and the deletion of the URAT1 C-terminal PDZ motif abolished this effect. The augmentation of the transport activity was accompanied by a significant increase in the V(max) of urate transport via URAT1 and was associated with the increased surface expression level of URAT1 protein from HEK293 cells stably expressing URAT1 transfected with PDZK1. Taken together, the present study indicates the novel role of PDZK1 in regulating the functional activity of URAT1-mediated urate transport in the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules. 相似文献
64.
65.
Metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycinebetaine and tolerance to salt and cold 总被引:43,自引:1,他引:43
Genetically engineered rice (Oryza sativa L.) with the ability to synthesize glycinebetaine was established by introducing the codA gene for choline oxidase from the soil bacterium Arthrobacter globiformis. Levels of glycinebetaine were as high as 1 and 5 mol per gram fresh weight of leaves in two types of transgenic plant in which choline oxidase was targeted to the chloroplasts (ChlCOD plants) and to the cytosol (CytCOD plants), respectively. Although treatment with 0.15 m NaCl inhibited the growth of both wild-type and transgenic plants, the transgenic plants began to grow again at the normal rate after a significantly less time than the wild-type plants after elimination of the salt stress. Inactivation of photosynthesis, used as a measure of cellular damage, indicated that ChlCOD plants were more tolerant than CytCOD plants to photoinhibition under salt stress and low-temperature stress. These results indicated that the subcellular compartmentalization of the biosynthesis of glycinebetaine was a critical element in the efficient enhancement of tolerance to stress in the engineered plants. 相似文献
66.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the mono- and diacylglycerol lipase gene (mdlB) of Aspergillus oryzae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atsushi Tsuchiya Hidekazu Nakazawa Jinichi Toida Kunio Ohnishi Junichi Sekiguchi 《FEMS microbiology letters》1996,143(1):63-67
Abstract Aspergillus oryzae IFO4202 produces at least two extracellular lipolytic enzymes L1 and L2 (cutinase, and mono- and diacylglycerol lipase, respectively). Southern hybridization of restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA fragments with 23mer oligonucleotides synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of the L2 as probe suggested the presence of the L2 gene (tentatively designated as mdlB ) and an additional weakly hybridizing region. A fragment containing the genomic mdlB gene was cloned in Escherichia coli . Nucleotide sequencing of the fragment revealed an open reading frame, comprising 1021 nucleotides, which contains two introns (51 and 52 nucleotides). Putative polyadenylation signals were found 182 and 287 bp downstream of the stop codon. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mdlB gene corresponds to 306 amino acid residues including a leader sequence of 28 amino acids and is highly similar to that of the mdlA gene of Penicillium camembertii . Three residues presumed to form the catalytic triad (serine, aspartic acid and histidine) of lipases were also conserved. 相似文献
67.
Atsushi Ishihara Fumio Matsuda Hisashi Miyagawa Kyo Wakasa 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2007,3(3):319-334
Advances in molecular breeding technologies have enabled manipulation of the concentrations of specific plant components by
modifying the genes that play a key role in their production. This has provided new opportunities to enhance the nutritional
quality of major crops. However, given that metabolic pathways form a highly integrated network, any alteration in a given
biosynthetic pathway is most likely to effect secondary and unpredicted changes in the metabolite profile of other pathways.
Metabolomics technologies can contribute to the efficient detection of such unexpected effects caused by genetic modification.
This has relevance not only from the perspective of safety evaluations of newly developed crops, but to basic science focused
on uncovering hitherto unknown regulatory mechanisms associated with the biosynthesis and catabolism of primary and secondary
metabolites in plants. In this review, recent advances in plant metabolic engineering for the overproduction of tryptophan
(Trp), one of the essential amino acids, are described. In particular, the efficacy of a transgene OASA1D that encodes a mutant anthranilate synthase (AS) α subunit of rice in specifically elevating levels of Trp without marked
secondary effects on the metabolite profile of rice is demonstrated. Related topics, such as regulation of Trp biosynthesis,
possible interactions between the biosyntheses of Trp and other aromatic amino acids, and translocation of Trp in are discussed
based on findings derived from metabolomic analyses of Trp-overproducing transgenic plants. 相似文献
68.
Masashi Yamada Hiroshi Ohnishi Shin-ichiro Sano Toshiyuki Araki Atsushi Nakatani Toshihiko Ikeuchi & Hiroshi Hatanaka 《Journal of neurochemistry》1999,73(1):41-49
Shp2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase possessing SH2 domains, is utilized in the intracellular signaling of various growth factors. Shp2 is highly expressed in the CNS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, which also shows high levels of expression in the CNS, exerts neurotrophic and neuromodulatory effects in CNS neurons. We examined how BDNF utilizes Shp2 in its signaling pathway in cultured cerebral cortical neurons. We found that BDNF stimulated coprecipitation of several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with anti-Shp2 antibody and that Grb2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) were coprecipitated with anti-Shp2 antibody in response to BDNF. In addition, both anti-Grb2 and anti-PI3-K antibodies coprecipitated Shp2 in response to BDNF. The BDNF-stimulated coprecipitation of the tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, Grb2, and PI3-K with anti-Shp2 antibody was completely inhibited by K252a, an inhibitor of TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase. This BDNF-stimulated Shp2 signaling was markedly sustained as well as BDNF-induced phosphorylation of TrkB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In PC12 cells stably expressing TrkB, both BDNF and nerve growth factor stimulated Shp2 signaling similarly to that by BDNF in cultured cortical neurons. These results indicated that Shp2 shows cross-talk with various signaling molecules including Grb2 and PI3-K in BDNF-induced signaling and that Shp2 may be involved in the regulation of various actions of BDNF in CNS neurons. 相似文献
69.
Kimi Araki Naoki Takeda Atsushi Yoshiki Yuichi Obata Naomi Nakagata Toshihiko Shiroishi Kazuo Moriwaki Ken-ichi Yamamura 《Mammalian genome》2009,20(1):14-20
MSM/Ms is an inbred mouse strain established from the Japanese wild mouse, Mus musculus molossinus, which has been phylogenetically distinct from common laboratory mouse strains for about 1 million years. The nucleotide
substitution rate between MSM/Ms and C57BL/6 is estimated to be 0.96%. MSM/Ms mice display unique characteristics not observed
in the commonly used laboratory strains, including an extremely low incidence of tumor development, high locomotor activity,
and resistance to high-fat-diet-induced diabetes. Thus, functional genomic analyses using MSM/Ms should provide a powerful
tool for the identification of novel phenotypes and gene functions. We report here the derivation of germline-competent embryonic
stem (ES) cell lines from MSM/Ms blastocysts, allowing genetic manipulation of the M. m. molossinus genome. Fifteen blastocysts were cultured in ES cell medium and three ES lines, Mol/MSM-1, -2, and -3, were established.
They were tested for germline competency by aggregation with ICR morulae and germline chimeras were obtained from all three
lines. We also injected Mol/MSM-1 ES cells into blastocysts of ICR or C57BL/6 × BDF1 mice and found that blastocyst injection
resulted in a higher production rate of chimeric mice than did aggregation. Furthermore, Mol/MSM-1 subclones electroporated
with a gene trap vector were also highly efficient at producing germline chimeras using C57BL/6 × BDF1 blastocyst injection.
This Mol/MSM-1 ES line should provide an excellent new tool allowing the genetic manipulation of the MSM/Ms genome. 相似文献
70.