全文获取类型
收费全文 | 586篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 34篇 |
2007年 | 39篇 |
2006年 | 36篇 |
2005年 | 37篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有606条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
541.
542.
543.
Morisawa J Kim CS Kashiwagi T Tebayashi S Horiike M 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2002,66(11):2424-2428
Sandaracopimarinol and (1S,6R)-2,7(14),10-bisabolatrien-1-ol-4-one were isolated and identified from Cryptomeria japonica as repellents against Armadillidium vulgare which is well known as an unpleasant pest in the house and as vegetable pest in Japan. These compounds strongly repelled A. vulgare when they were combined, although each compound alone did not show any activity. 相似文献
544.
Tadao?KitagawaEmail author Masakazu?Watanabe Emi?Kitagawa Motoi?Yoshioka Masaaki?Kashiwagi Toshio?Okazaki 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(4):318-325
The Japanese spined loach Cobitis biwae includes the tetraploid form, which has 96 chromosomes, as well as the diploid form, which has 48 chromosomes. In the present study, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to examine the genetic relationships among 82 populations of diploid–tetraploid complexes of C. biwae. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the ND1 region on 202 individuals revealed that C. biwae contains three genetically divergent major groups corresponding to geographical proximities (the Eastern, Western, and Kochi groups). Phylogenetic analyses (neighbor-joining, NJ and maximum-parsimony, MP) of a part of the cytochrome b gene sequence (748bp) in 31 individuals supported the three major groups recognized by RFLP, and indicated considerable genetic differentiation between the Western group and the other two groups (average, 15.2%). The genetic relationship and distribution pattern of the three major groups hypothesized two major dispersions of C. biwae during the middle Miocene: first, the ancestor of the Eastern and Kochi groups had spread from the West through wide regions of present-day Honshu and Shikoku Islands, and following that period, the ancestor of the Western group with a different mtDNA composition, probably resulting from the mtDNA introgression from C. takatsuensis, moved into western Japan and pushed the former north eastward. All tetraploid form populations were included in the Western group and treated as a monophyletic cluster with low genetic divergence. It is notable that two diploid populations geographically adjacent to the tetraploid range were genetically closely related to the tetraploid forms. This result suggests that these diploid populations were directly related to the maternal origin of the tetraploid form. 相似文献
545.
Akeboshi H Kashiwagi Y Aoki H Tonozuka T Nishikawa A Sakano Y 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2003,67(5):1149-1153
Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642 isopullulanase (IPU) was heterologously expressed by Pichia pastoris GS115 under three different signal sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae acid phosphatase, S. cerevisiae alpha-factor prepro peptide, and A. niger isopullulanase. One-step purification using lectin Con A affinity chromatography yielded recombinant IPU (IPU-PP) with high purity. IPU-PP had a higher carbohydrate content than native IPU and IPU-AO expressed in A. oryzae M-2-3. IPU-PP hydrolyzed various substrates containing the structure of panose, which indicated a strict subsite recognition of the panose motif. 相似文献
546.
Polyamine transport,accumulation, and release in brain 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Masuko T Kusama-Eguchi K Sakata K Kusama T Chaki S Okuyama S Williams K Kashiwagi K Igarashi K 《Journal of neurochemistry》2003,84(3):610-617
Cycling of polyamines (spermine and spermidine) in the brain was examined by measuring polyamine transport in synaptic vesicles, synaptosomes and glial cells, and the release of spermine from hippocampal slices. It was found that membrane potential-dependent polyamine transport systems exist in synaptosomes and glial cells, and a proton gradient-dependent polyamine transport system exists in synaptic vesicles. The glial cell transporter had high affinities for both spermine and spermidine, whereas the transporters in synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles had a much higher affinity for spermine than for spermidine. Polyamine transport by synaptosomes was inhibited by putrescine, agmatine, histidine, and histamine. Transport by glial cells was also inhibited by these four compounds and additionally by norepinephrine. On the other hand, polyamine transport by synaptic vesicles was inhibited only by putrescine and histamine. These results suggest that the polyamine transporters present in glial cells, neurons, and synaptic vesicles each have different properties and are, presumably, different molecular entities. Spermine was found to be accumulated in synaptic vesicles and was released from rat hippocampal slices by depolarization using a high concentration of KCl. Polyamines, in particular spermine, may function as neuromodulators in the brain. 相似文献
547.
The loss of extracellular matrix macromolecules from the cartilage results in serious impairment of joint function. Metalloproteinases
called 'aggrecanases' that cleave the Glu373–Ala374 bond of the aggrecan core protein play a key role in the early stages of cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and
in osteoarthritis. Three members of the ADAMTS family of proteinases, ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, have been identified
as aggrecanases. Matrix metalloproteinases, which are also found in arthritic joints, cleave aggrecans, but at a distinct
site from the aggrecanases (i.e. Asn341–Phe342). The present review discuss the enzymatic properties of the three known aggrecanases, the regulation of their activities,
and their role in cartilage matrix breakdown during the development of arthritis in relation to the action of matrix metalloproteinases. 相似文献
548.
Adiponectin increases bone mass by suppressing osteoclast and activating osteoblast 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Oshima K Nampei A Matsuda M Iwaki M Fukuhara A Hashimoto J Yoshikawa H Shimomura I 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,331(2):520-526
Adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone, exhibits various biological functions, such as increasing insulin sensitivity, protecting hypertension, and suppression of atherosclerosis, liver fibrosis, and tumor growth. Here, we report the role of adiponectin on bone metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were treated with adenovirus expressing lacZ or adiponectin, and their bones were analyzed by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. Adiponectin-adenovirus treatment increased trabecular bone mass, accompanied by decreased number of osteoclasts and levels of plasma NTx, a bone-resorption marker. In vitro studies showed that adiponectin inhibited M-CSF- and RANKL-induced differentiation of mouse bone marrow macrophages and human CD14-positive mononuclear cells into osteoclasts and also suppressed the bone-resorption activity of osteoclasts. Furthermore, adiponectin enhanced mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Our results indicate that adiponectin exerts an activity to increase bone mass by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and by activating osteoblastogenesis, suggesting that adiponectin manipulation could be therapeutically beneficial for patients with osteopenia. 相似文献
549.
Uemura T Tomonari Y Kashiwagi K Igarashi K 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2004,315(4):1082-1087
The product of the UGA4 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which catalyzes the transport of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), also catalyzed the transport of putrescine. The Km values for GABA and putrescine were 0.11 and 0.69 mM, respectively. The UGA4 protein was located on the vacuolar membrane as determined by the effects of bafilomycin A1 and by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Uptake of both GABA and putrescine was inhibited by spermidine and spermine, although these polyamines are not substrates of UGA4. The UGA4 mRNA was induced by exposure to GABA, but not putrescine over 12h. The growth of an ornithine decarboxylase-deficient strain was enhanced by putrescine, and both putrescine and spermidine contents increased, when the cells were expressing UGA4. The results suggest that a substantial conversion of putrescine to spermidine occurs in the cytoplasm even though UGA4 transporter exists on vacuolar membranes. 相似文献
550.
Kashiwagi M Enghild JJ Gendron C Hughes C Caterson B Itoh Y Nagase H 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(11):10109-10119
ADAMTS-4 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) is a multidomain metalloproteinase belonging to the reprolysin family. The enzyme cleaves aggrecan core protein at several sites. Here we report that the non-catalytic ancillary domains of the enzyme play a major role in regulating aggrecanase activity, with the C-terminal spacer domain masking the general proteolytic activity. Expressing a series of domain deletion mutants in mammalian cells and examining their aggrecan-degrading and general proteolytic activities, we found that full-length ADAMTS-4 of 70 kDa was the most effective aggrecanase, but it exhibited little activity against the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond, the site originally characterized as a signature of aggrecanase activity. Little activity was detected against reduced and carboxymethylated transferrin (Cm-Tf), a general proteinase substrate. However, it readily cleaved the Glu(1480)-Gly(1481) bond in the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of aggrecan. Of the constructed mutants, the C-terminal spacer domain deletion mutant more effectively hydrolyzed both the Glu(373)-Ala(374) and Glu(1480)-Gly(1481) bonds. It also revealed new activities against Cm-Tf, fibromodulin, and decorin. Further deletion of the cysteine-rich domain reduced the aggrecanase activity by 80% but did not alter the activity against Cm-Tf or fibromodulin. Further removal of the thrombospondin type I domain drastically reduced all tested proteolytic activities, and very limited enzymatic activity was detected with the catalytic domain. Full-length ADAMTS-4 binds to pericellular and extracellular matrix, but deletion of the spacer domain releases the enzyme. ADAMTS-4 lacking the spacer domain has promiscuous substrate specificity considerably different from that previously reported for aggrecan core protein. Finding of ADAMTS-4 in the interleukin-1alpha-treated porcine articular cartilage primarily as a 46-kDa form suggests that it exhibits a broader substrate spectrum in the tissue than originally considered. 相似文献