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101.
Jitendra Piple Ranjeet Gora Pragati Purbiya Ashish Puliyel Parul Chugh Pinky Bahl Jacob Puliyel 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Introduction
Although economic development is generally accompanied by improvements in the overall nutritional status of the country’s population the ‘nutritional transition’ often involves a shift to high energy diets and less exercise with negative consequences. This pilot study was done to examine if education of parents operates at the household level to influence dietary choices and the nutritional status of children in a small community of hospital workers.Material and Methods
3 groups of persons with varying skill and education levels participated. Weighed food logs were used in all households to calculate ‘adult equivalent’ per-capita-consumption. Nutrients were calculated using nutrients calculator software. BMI was used to classify children as underweight, normal weight and overweight.Results
128 individuals participated from 30 families included 47 children. 10 children (21%) were underweight, 29 (62%) were normal and 8 (17%) were overweight. Energy consumption was highest in families with overweight children 2692 +/-502 compared to 2259 +/-359 in families with normal weight and 2031+/-354 in the family of underweight children. These differences were statistically significant. 42% underweight children belonged to Class 1 at the lowest skill level and there were no overweight children in this group. Most of the overweight children belonged to Class 2. In Class 3 there were no underweight children and the majority was normal weight children.Conclusion
Underweight children came from the poorer households. Per capita intake of the family as a whole correlated well with BMI in the children. There was increased obesity in middle income families belonging to Class 2—probably in families who move up the scale from deprivation. Nutritional status in children correlated mostly with maternal education status. 相似文献102.
Sudhir Chandra Joshi Vishal Diwan Ashok J. Tamhankar Rita Joshi Harshada Shah Megha Sharma Ashish Pathak Ragini Macaden Cecilia St?lsby Lundborg 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Background
Health care or biomedical waste, if not managed properly, can be of high risk to the hospital staff, the patients, the community, public health and the environment, especially in low and middle income settings where proper disposal norms are often not followed. Our aim was to explore perceptions of staff of an Indian rural tertiary care teaching hospital on hospital waste management.Method
A qualitative study was conducted using 10 focus group discussions (FGDs), with different professional groups, cleaning staff, nurses, medical students, doctors and administrators. The FGD guide included the following topics: (i) role of Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) in prevention of health care associated infections, (ii) awareness of and views about HCWM-related guidelines/legislation, (iii) current HCWM practices, (iv) perception and preparedness related to improvements of the current practices, and (v) proper implementation of the available guidelines/legislation. The FGDs were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated to English (when conducted in Hindi) and analysed using content analysis.Results
Two themes were identified: Theme (A), ‘Challenges in integration of HCWM in organizational practice,’ with the categories (I) Awareness and views about HCWM, (II) Organizational practices regarding HCWM, and (III) Challenges in Implementation of HCWM; and Theme (B), ‘Interventions to improve HCWM,’ with three categories, (I) Educational and motivational interventions, (II) Organizational culture change, and (III) Policy-related interventions.Conclusion
A gap between knowledge and actual practice regarding HCWM was highlighted in the perception of the hospital staff. The participants suggested organizational changes, training and monitoring to address this. The information generated is relevant not merely to the microsystem studied but to other institutions in similar settings. 相似文献103.
Artem Pankin Chiara Campoli Xue Dong Benjamin Kilian Rajiv Sharma Axel Himmelbach Reena Saini Seth J Davis Nils Stein Korbinian Schneeberger Maria von Korff 《Genetics》2014,198(1):383-396
Phytochromes play an important role in light signaling and photoperiodic control of flowering time in plants. Here we propose that the red/far-red light photoreceptor HvPHYTOCHROME C (HvPHYC), carrying a mutation in a conserved region of the GAF domain, is a candidate underlying the early maturity 5 locus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We fine mapped the gene using a mapping-by-sequencing approach applied on the whole-exome capture data from bulked early flowering segregants derived from a backcross of the Bowman(eam5) introgression line. We demonstrate that eam5 disrupts circadian expression of clock genes. Moreover, it interacts with the major photoperiod response gene Ppd-H1 to accelerate flowering under noninductive short days. Our results suggest that HvPHYC participates in transmission of light signals to the circadian clock and thus modulates light-dependent processes such as photoperiodic regulation of flowering. 相似文献
104.
Prabodh K. Bajpai Ashish R. Warghat Ram Kumar Sharma Ashish Yadav Anil K. Thakur Ravi B. Srivastava Tsering Stobdan 《Biochemical genetics》2014,52(3-4):137-152
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers were used to assess the genetic structure in three natural populations of Morus alba from trans-Himalaya. Multilocation sampling was conducted across 14 collection sites. The overall genetic diversity estimates were high: percentage polymorphic loci 89.66%, Nei’s gene diversity 0.2286, and Shannon’s information index 0.2175. At a regional level, partitioning of variability assessed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), revealed 80% variation within and 20% among collection sites. Pattern appeared in STRUCTURE, BARRIER, and AMOVA, clearly demonstrating gene flow between the Indus and Suru populations and a geographic barrier between the Indus-Suru and Nubra populations, which effectively hinders gene flow. The results showed significant genetic differentiation, population structure, high to restricted gene flow, and high genetic diversity. The assumption that samples collected from the three valleys represent three different populations does not hold true. The fragmentation present in trans-Himalaya was more natural and less anthropogenic. 相似文献
105.
V. R. Sundareswaran Ashish Kumar Singh Smita Dube S. Shivaji 《Archives of microbiology》2010,192(8):663-672
CSM2, a cold-sensitive mutant of psychrophilic Pseudomonas syringae, grows like wild-type cells when cultured at 22 and 28°C; but at 4°C, the growth is retarded. In CSM2, AAT (coding for aspartate aminotransferase) is identified as the mutated gene. The expression of AAT in Pseudomonas syringae was transiently enhanced when cells were shifted from 22 to 4°C indicating that AAT is cold-inducible. Complementation of the mutated AAT transformed CSM2 from a cold-sensitive phenotype to a cold-resistant phenotype like the wild-type cells, thus providing evidence
for the first time that AAT is required for low-temperature growth. 相似文献
106.
A wild type Aspergillus terreus GD13 strain, chosen after extensive screening, was optimized for lovastatin production using statistical Box-Behnken design of experiments. The interactive effect of four process parameters, i.e. lactose and soybean meal, inoculum size (spore concentration) and age of the spore culture, on the production of lovastatin was evaluated employing response surface methodology (RSM). The model highlighted the positive effect of soybean meal concentration and inoculum level for achieving maximal level of lovastatin (1342 mg/l). The optimal fermentation conditions improved the lovastatin titre by 7.0-folds when compared to the titres obtained under unoptimized conditions. 相似文献
107.
Ashish Kumar Srivastava Vinayak H. Lokhande Vikas Y. Patade Penna Suprasanna Rinaldi Sjahril Stanislaus Francis D’Souza 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(6):1135-1144
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different seed priming methods to enhance the sodium chloride (NaCl)
and polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG-8000) stress tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Seeds subjected to different priming treatments such as water (hydro-priming), calcium chloride (CaCl2) (chemo-priming), and abscisic acid (ABA) (hormonal-priming) showed increased rate of germination as compared to non-primed
seeds. The primed and non-primed seeds were grown for 15 days and then the seedlings were independently subjected to iso-osmotic
salt (150 mM NaCl) or PEG-8000 (20%) stress. The different biochemical responses were studied 10 days after treatment. Under
NaCl and PEG stress, the dry weight and total chlorophyll content were higher in primed sets as compared to non-primed treatment
which was also evident by the phenotype of the seedlings. In general, the higher activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione
reductase resulted in lower oxidative damage, in terms of malondialdehyde content, under NaCl and PEG stress in hydro-primed
set as compared to non-primed, ABA-, and CaCl2-primed treatments. Besides, the level of total phenolics and accumulation of osmolytes such as free proline, glycine betaine,
and total soluble sugars was also lower in hydro-primed set as compared to other primed and non-primed treatments. The study
thus suggests the use of hydro-priming as a simple and cost-effective strategy to alleviate the NaCl and PEG induced stress
in B. juncea. 相似文献
108.
Sindhuja Sundaram Prabhakar Tiwari Shalini Saini Rajiv Kant Joseph Alex Davis Sudhir Sahdev Kulvinder Singh Saini 《Molecular Biology》2010,44(3):473-478
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play multiple roles in many physiological processes. Over-expression of the PTPs has been shown to be associated with cellular toxicity, which may also lead to the deletion of the respective gene from stable cell clones. We also observed that PTP-1B over-expression in CHO and HEK293 stable cell clones led to cytotoxicity and low revival rates during clone generation and maintenance. To address these issues, bacmid transposition technology was utilized to generate recombinant PTP-1B baculovirus, and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9 and Sf21) insect cell lines were infected with the virus. The data obtained on expression and activity of the PTP-1B highlights clear advantage of the recombinant baculovi-rus-insect cell expression system over the mammalian cell line technique due to increase in enzyme activity, strongly inhibited by phosphatase specific inhibitor RK682. Possible application of the expression system for producing active enzymes in bulk quantity for a new drug discovery is also discussed. 相似文献
109.
The study is aimed at exploring the utility of thermoanalytical methods in the solid-state characterization of various crystalline
forms of nevirapine. The different forms obtained by recrystallization of nevirapine from various solvents were identified
using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The appearance of desolvation peak accompanied
by weight loss in TGA indicated the formation of solvates: hemi-ethanolate (Form I), hemi-acetonitrilate (Form II), hemi-chloroformate
(Form III), hemi-THF solvate (Form IV), mixed hemi-ethanolate hemi-hydrate (Form V), and hemi-toluenate (Form VI). The higher
desolvation temperatures of all the solvates except toluenate than their respective boiling point indicate tighter binding
of solvent. Emphasis has been laid on the determination of heat capacity and heat of solution utilizing microreaction calorimeter
to further distinguish the various forms. The enthalpy of solution (ΔH
sol), an indirect measure of the lattice energy of a solid, was well correlated with the crystallinity of all the solid forms
obtained. The magnitude of ΔH
sol was found to be −14.14 kJ/mol for Form I and −2.83 kJ/mol for Form V in phosphate buffer of pH 2, exhibiting maximum ease
of molecular release from the lattice in Form I. The heat capacity for solvation (ΔC
p) was found to be positive, providing information about the state of solvent molecules in the host lattice. The solubility
and dissolution rate of the forms were also found to be in agreement with their enthalpy of solution. Form (I), being the
most exothermic, was found to be the most soluble of all the forms. 相似文献
110.
Tanveer Ahmad Wani Abdus Samad Monika Tandon Gurpreet S. Saini P. L. Sharma K. K. Pillai 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2010,11(1):425-432
In this open-label, balanced, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study, healthy male volunteers were randomly divided
into two groups. Each group received either a single oral dose of rosuvastatin 20 mg or placebo. Estimations were done at
predose on day 1 of dosing (baseline) and 24 h postdose after days 7 and 14. Serum cortisol and serum lipid levels were estimated
using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and serum mevalonic acid (MVA) levels were measured using validated liquid chromatography–tandem
mass spectrometry method. Rosuvastatin produced a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
triglycerides. However, the increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease in cortisol and MVA were not statistically
significant when compared to the placebo-treated group. The study showed that rosuvastatin at a dose of 20 mg/day for a period
of 14 days was very potent as cholesterol-lowering agent, without any significant change in serum cortisol level in the healthy
Indian male population. 相似文献