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71.
Saeid Javadi Khederi Mohammad Khanjani Mansur Gholami Enrico de Lillo 《Experimental & applied acarology》2018,74(4):347-363
The present experiment was aimed at determining the influence of the grape erineum strain of Colomerus vitis (GEM) (Acari: Eriophyidae) on responses of local grapevine cultivars. GEM was applied at five density levels to each of five cultivars, i.e. Shahani, Sahebi Uroomie, Khalili Bovanat, Rishbaba and Sezdang Ghalat (listed from early to late grape ripening). The experiment was performed in a full factorial design (12 replicates each) and effects of the mite on the relative content of leaf chlorophyll, internode and cane length, leaf area and weight, number and size of the erinea, and percentage of leaves with erinea were investigated. Also mite density on leaves and in buds was assessed. Data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test to separate means among treatment levels and cultivars. The relative content of chlorophyll (expressed in Spad units) in infested leaves was reduced along with an increase in mite density and it was shown to be highly significant at the two higher mite density levels for Khalili Bovanat, Rishbaba and Sezdang Ghalat; Shahani and Sahebi Uroomie leaves appeared to be less affected by mite infestation. The highest mite density treatment displayed a strong correlation with weight (positive correlation) and size (negative correlation) of the leaves of four cultivars; leaves of Sahebi Uroomie appeared to be less affected. The reduced internode length was weak in infested plants. Most infested plants produced shorter canes and their lengths appeared to have a strong negative correlation with the highest mite density in four cultivars; canes of Sahebi Uroomie did not appear affected. At the highest mite density, canes of Khalili Bovanat and Sahebi Uroomie displayed the most and the least shortening effects, respectively. The percentage of leaves with erinea, as well as the number of erinea per leaves and the diameter of erinea increased along with the mite population density. The mite densities in buds (April 2014) and on leaves with erinea (in November 2013) were higher at the highest treatment level in the medium-late (Rishbaba) and late ripening (Sezdang Ghalat) cultivars, than in the early and early-medium ripening ones. Almost all data collected in the current experiment allowed the conclusion that Sahebi Uroomie and Shahani were less affected than the other cultivars (Khalili Bovanat, Rishbaba and Sezdang Ghalat). 相似文献
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Julie M. Beaudet Leandra Mansur Eun Ji Joo Eyal Kamhi Bo Yang Thomas M. Clausen Ali Salanti Fuming Zhang Robert J. Linhardt 《Glycoconjugate journal》2014,31(2):109-116
Placental malaria is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Young women are particular susceptible to contracting this form of malaria during their first or second pregnancy despite previously acquired immunity from past infections. Placental malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites expressing VAR2CSA on the erythrocyte surface. This protein adheres to a low-sulfated chondroitin sulfate-A found in placental tissue causing great harm to both mother and developing fetus. In rare cases, the localization of infected erythrocytes to the placenta can even result in the vertical transmission of malaria. In an effort to better understand this infection, chondroitin sulfate was isolated from the cotyledon part of the placenta, which should be accessible for parasite adhesion, as well as two non-accessible parts of the placenta to serve as controls. The placental chondroitin sulfate structures and their VAR2CSA binding were characterized. All portions of human placenta contained sufficient amounts of the appropriate low-sulfated chondroitin sulfate-A to display high-affinity binding to a recombinant truncated VAR2CSA construct, as determined using surface plasmon resonance. The cotyledon is the only placental tissue accessible to parasites in the bloodstream, suggesting it is the primary receptor for parasite infected red blood cells. 相似文献
74.
Chari Nithya Mansur Farzana Begum Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,88(1):341-358
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, biofilms cause 65% of infections in developed countries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cause life threatening infections in cystic fibrosis infection and they are 1,000 times more tolerant to antibiotic
than the planktonic cells. As quorum sensing, hydrophobicity index and extracellular polysaccharide play a crucial role in
biofilm formation, extracts from 46 marine bacterial isolates were screened against these factors in P. aeruginosa. Eleven extracts showed antibiofilm activity. Extracts of S6-01 (Bacillus indicus = MTCC 5559) and S6-15 (Bacillus pumilus = MTCC 5560) inhibited the formation of PAO1 biofilm up to 95% in their Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration(BIC) of 50 and 60 μg/ml
and 85% and 64% in the subinhibitory concentrations (1/4 and 1/8 of the BIC, respectively). Furthermore, the mature biofilm
was disrupted to 70–74% in their BIC. The antibiofilm compound from S6-15 was partially purified using solvent extraction
followed by TLC and silica column and further characterized by IR analysis. Current study for the first time reveals the antibiofilm
and antiquorum-sensing activity of B. pumilus, B. indicus, Bacillus arsenicus, Halobacillus trueperi, Ferrimonas balearica, and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus from marine habitat. 相似文献
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77.
Claudia Simões Tatiana Carvalho de Castro Lívia da Silva Cordeiro Norma Albarello Elisabeth Mansur Maria Teresa Villela Romanos 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(1):93-99
Extracts from Cleome rosea were investigated for their activity against acyclovir-resistant strains of Herpes simplex type 1 (ACVr-HSV-1) and type 2 (ACVr-HSV-2). Methanolic and acidified (1% (v/v) HCl) methanolic extracts were prepared from
field-grown plants and in vitro propagated plants, as well as from calli and cell suspension cultures. The extracts presented
low cytotoxicity and caused virus titer reduction above 70%, with different mechanisms of action. Extracts from leaves of
field-grown plants inhibited viral infection mainly by affecting the virus particle itself (virucidal effect), while extracts
from calli acted mainly on cell receptors. On the other hand, all extracts evaluated affected the virus entry across the cell
membrane and the intracellular viral replication at similar percentages, causing reduction on titers in the range of 68–90%.
This study validated the potential use of in vitro materials as sources of antiherpetic agents from C. rosea. 相似文献
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79.
J. S. Lakind S. T. Holgate D. R. Ownby A. H. Mansur P. J. Helms D. Pyatt S. M. Hays 《Biomarkers》2007,12(5):445-467
Biomarkers associated with asthma aetiology and exacerbation have been sought to shed light on this multifactorial disease. One candidate is the serum concentration of the Clara cell secretory protein (CC16, sometimes referred to as CC10 or uteroglobin). In this review, we examine serum CC16's relation to asthma aetiology and exacerbation. There is evidence that acute exposures to certain pulmonary irritants can cause a transient increase in serum CC16 levels, and limited evidence also suggests that a transient increase in serum CC16 levels can be caused by a localized pulmonary inflammation. Research also indicates that a transient increase in serum CC16 is not associated with measurable pulmonary damage or impairment of pulmonary function. The biological interpretation of chronic changes in serum CC16 is less clear. Changes in serum CC16 concentrations (either transient or chronic) are not specific to any one agent, disease state, or aetiology. This lack of specificity limits the use of serum CC16 as a biomarker of specific exposures. To date, many of the critical issues that must be understood before serum CC16 levels can have an application as a biomarker of effect or exposure have not been adequately addressed. 相似文献
80.
Boeger Walter A.; Pie Marcio R.; Falleiros Renan M.; Ostrensky Antonio; Darrigran Gustavo; Mansur Maria Cristina Dreher; Belz Carlos E. 《Journal of plankton research》2007,29(11):1015-1019
The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei, Mollusca: Mytilidae)is an emerging invasive species in freshwater environments inSouth America, causing extensive environmental and economicimpacts. A molecular method to detect larvae of the golden musselin plankton samples has been recently developed and holds promisefor becoming an important way to monitor the expansion of goldenmussel populations. In the present study, we conduct, for thefirst time, field tests of this method by comparing its performancewith alternative sampling efforts (microscopy and manual searchfor adults). In addition, we test different modifications ofthe molecular method to deal with PCR inhibition in environmentalsamples. The results indicate that the molecular method is veryefficient, being faster and more sensitive that microscopy methods.Therefore, the molecular method tested in the present studycan represent an invaluable tool in large-scale monitoring effortsof the golden mussel throughout its introduced range. 相似文献