全文获取类型
收费全文 | 401篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
专业分类
432篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有432条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Attar AM Kharkhaneh A Etemadifar M Keyhanian K Davoudi V Saadatnia M 《Biological trace element research》2012,146(2):150-153
Exposure to heavy metals has been associated to a higher incidence of multiple sclerosis. In this work, we present a possible
relationship between serum mercury levels and development of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, the third largest city in Iran.
Seventy-four patients affected by multiple sclerosis were retrieved from multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic in Isfahan, Iran.
By matching sex and age, 74 healthy volunteers were chosen as control group. Blood samples were collected and serum mercury
content was determined. Serum mercury level in MS patients was significantly higher than controls (9.6 ± 10.17 vs. 5.7 ± 8.6,
P = 0.037). Concerning all MS patients, serum mercury value was significantly higher than the mercury concentration founded
in control subjects {odd ratio: 2.39 (CI, 1.96–2.94), P = 0.00}. Serum mercury level is higher in MS patients with odd ratio equal to 2.39 compared with healthy individuals. It
may reveal that high mercury levels in serum might help MS development in susceptible individuals. More studies with larger
sample size are needed to confirm this hypothesis. 相似文献
52.
Several Acinetobacter strains have utility for biotechnology applications, yet some are opportunistic pathogens. We compared strains of seven Acinetobacter species (baumannii, Ab; calcoaceticus, Ac; guillouiae, Ag; haemolyticus, Ah; lwoffii, Al; junii, Aj; and venetianus, Av-RAG-1) for their potential virulence attributes, including proliferation in mammalian cell conditions, haemolytic/cytolytic activity, ability to elicit inflammatory signals, and antibiotic susceptibility. Only Ah grew at 10(2) and 10(4) bacteria/well in mammalian cell culture medium at 37°C. However, co-culture with colonic epithelial cells (HT29) improved growth of all bacterial strains, except Av-RAG-1. Cytotoxicity of Ab and Ah toward HT29 was at least double that of other test bacteria. These effects included bacterial adherence, loss of metabolism, substrate detachment, and cytolysis. Only Ab and Ah exhibited resistance to killing by macrophage-like J774A.1 cells. Haemolytic activity of Ah and Av-RAG-1 was strong, but undetectable for other strains. When killed with an antibiotic, Ab, Ah, Aj and Av-RAG-1 induced 3 to 9-fold elevated HT29 interleukin (IL)-8 levels. However, none of the strains altered levels of J774A.1 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α). Antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed that Ab, Ag and Aj were viable at low concentrations of some antibiotics. All strains were positive for virulence factor genes ompA and epsA, and negative for mutations in gyrA and parC genes that convey fluoroquinolone resistance. The data demonstrate that Av-RAG-1, Ag and Al lack some potentially harmful characteristics compared to other Acinetobacter strains tested, but the biotechnology candidate Av-RAG-1 should be scrutinized further prior to widespread use. 相似文献
53.
54.
Understanding the mechanisms of resilience of coral reefs to anthropogenic stressors is a critical step toward mitigating their current global decline. Coral–bacteria associations are fundamental to reef health and disease, but direct observations of these interactions remain largely unexplored. Here, we use novel technology, high-speed laser scanning confocal microscopy on live coral (Pocillopora damicornis), to test the hypothesis that corals exert control over the abundance of their associated bacterial communities by releasing (‘shedding'') bacteria from their surface, and that this mechanism can counteract bacterial growth stimulated by organic inputs. We also test the hypothesis that the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus can evade such a defense mechanism. This first report of direct observation with high-speed confocal microscopy of living coral and its associated bacterial community revealed a layer (3.3–146.8 μm thick) on the coral surface where bacteria were concentrated. The results of two independent experiments showed that the bacterial abundance in this layer was not sensitive to enrichment (5 mg l−1 peptone), and that coral fragments exposed to enrichment released significantly more bacteria from their surfaces than control corals (P<0.01; 35.9±1.4 × 105 cells cm−2 coral versus 1.3±0.5 × 105 cells cm−2 coral). Our results provide direct support to the hypothesis that shedding bacteria may be an important mechanism by which coral-associated bacterial abundances are regulated under organic matter stress. Additionally, the novel ability to watch this ecological behavior in real-time at the microscale opens an unexplored avenue for mechanistic studies of coral–microbe interactions. 相似文献
55.
Akram Najafi Mojtaba Hasanpour Azam Askary Masoud Aziemzadeh Najmeh Hashemi 《Folia microbiologica》2018,63(3):335-343
The present study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the new Clermont’s phylogenetic groups, virulence factors, and pathogenicity island markers (PAIs) among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in Iran. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 140 UPEC isolates collected from patients with urinary tract infections in Bushehr, Iran. All isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing using a new quadruplex-PCR method. The presence of PAI markers and virulence factors in UPEC strains was evaluated by multiplex PCR. The most predominant virulence gene was fimH (85%), followed by iucC (61.4%), papC (38.6%), hlyA (22.1%), cnf-1 (18.6%), afa (10.7%), papG and neuC (each 9.3%), ibeA (3.6%), and sfa/foc (0.7%). The most common phylogenetic group was related to B2 (39.3%), and the least common to A (0.7%). The most prevalent PAI marker was PAI IV536 (77.14%), while markers for PAI III536 (13.57%), PAI IIJ96 (12.86%), and PAI II536 (12.14%) were the least frequent among the UPEC strains. Meanwhile, the PAI IJ96 marker was not detected. There was a significant association between the phylogenetic group B2 and all the studied virulence genes and PAI markers. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the relationship between new phylogenetic groups, virulence genes and PAI markers in UPEC strains in Iran. The phylogenetic group B2 was predominantly represented among the studied virulence genes and PAI markers, indicating the preference of particular strains to carry virulence genes. 相似文献
56.
The nervous system is a crucial component of the body and damages to this system, either by of injury or disease, can result in serious or potentially lethal consequences. Restoring the damaged nervous system is a great challenge due to the complex physiology system and limited regenerative capacity.Polymers, either synthetic or natural in origin, have been extensively evaluated as a solution for restoring functions in damaged neural tissues. Polymers offer a wide range of versatility, in particular regarding shape and mechanical characteristics, and their biocompatibility is unmatched by other biomaterials, such as metals and ceramics. Several studies have shown that polymers can be shaped into suitable support structures, including nerve conduits, scaffolds, and electrospun matrices, capable of improving the regeneration of damaged neural tissues. In general, natural polymers offer the advantage of better biocompatibility and bioactivity, while synthetic or non-natural polymers have better mechanical properties and structural stability. Often, combinations of the two allow for the development of polymeric conduits able to mimic the native physiological environment of healthy neural tissues and, consequently, regulate cell behaviour and support the regeneration of injured nervous tissues.Currently, most of neural tissue engineering applications are in pre-clinical study, in particular for use in the central nervous system, however collagen polymer conduits aimed at regeneration of peripheral nerves have already been successfully tested in clinical trials.This review highlights different types of natural and synthetic polymers used in neural tissue engineering and their advantages and disadvantages for neural regeneration. 相似文献
57.
Alar, a Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent bacterial enzyme is responsible for the racemisation of L-alanine into D-alanine which is essential for the peptidoglycan biosynthesis in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, we performed induced fit docking, binding free energy calculation and molecular dynamics simulation to elucidate the Alar inhibition potential of 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione-based inhibitor 1. The inhibitor binds to the hydrophobic groove of Alar and the binding was found to be stable throughout 20-ns MD simulation. Induced fit docking result showed that Lys42, Tyr46, Tyr175 and Tyr364 residues are primarily responsible for the stabilisation of inhibitor–protein complex. Further, high negative van der Waals binding free energy value of –38.88 kcal/mol, indicated it as the main driving force for the inhibitor binding. Based on the information obtained from this study, we designed few molecules as potent Alar inhibitor. In order to gain structural insight and to validate the stability of complex, we performed 20-ns MD simulation of the designed molecule D1. Results obtained from this study can be used for the design of M. tuberculosis Alar potent inhibitors lacking affinity for the co-factor PLP. 相似文献
58.
Shahnaz Ibrahim Saadia Maqbool Maleeha Azam Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal Raheel Qamar 《Molecular biology reports》2018,45(3):353-360
Three index patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and ocular anomalies were screened for cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Genotyping of hyperhomocysteinemia associated MTHFR polymorphisms C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) was done by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Sanger sequencing was performed for CBS exonic sequences along with consensus splice sites. In the case of MTHFR polymorphisms, all the patients were heterozygous CT for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C677T and were therefore carriers of the risk allele (T), while the patients were homozygous CC for the risk genotype of the SNP A1298C. CBS sequencing resulted in the identification of two novel mutations, a missense change (c.467T>C; p.Leu156Pro) in exon 7 and an in-frame deletion (c.808_810del; p.Glu270del) in exon 10. In addition, a recurrent missense mutation (c.770C>T; p.Thr257Met) in exon 10 of the gene was also identified. The mutations were present homozygously in the patients and were inherited from the carrier parents. This is the first report from Pakistan where novel as well as recurrent CBS mutations causing hyperhomocysteinemia and lens dislocation in three patients from different families are being reported with the predicted effect of the risk allele of the MTHFR SNP in causing hyperhomocysteinemia. 相似文献
59.
60.
Exosomes secreted by hypoxic cardiosphere‐derived cells enhance tube formation and increase pro‐angiogenic miRNA
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of cellular biochemistry》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)