中药库拉索芦荟化学成分的液质定性分析

为阐明中药库拉索芦荟(Aloe barbadensis)叶的汁液浓缩干燥物的化学成分,该研究采用HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSⁿ技术,结合对照品对比和文献检索,对其进行系统的定性分析。以水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,质谱使用ESI离子源,采用负离子模式分析液质数据。结果表明：(1)首次阐明中药库拉索芦荟中蒽醌类(芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)、蒽酮类(芦荟素A、芦荟糖苷A)、色酮类(芦荟新苷D、7-O-甲基芦荟新苷A、altechromone A、芦荟苦素、芦荟新苷G、芦荟新苷C)、α-吡喃酮类(芦荟宁A、芦荟宁B)四类成分的主要化合物的裂解途径。蒽醌类化合物的裂解途径以失去CO₂和CO为主,蒽酮类化合物的裂解途径以己糖苷的裂解和失去CO为主,色酮类化合物的裂解途径以己糖苷的裂解和酯基的水解为主,α-吡喃酮类的裂解途径主要包括己糖苷的裂解、CO₂和H₂O的丢失等。(2)共检测到168种化学...     

香科科属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

近年来学术界对香科科属植物的化学成分和生理活性给予了很大关注。从该属植物中分离得封有萜类、黄酮类、苯丙素类化合物,生物活性测试表明该属植物具有抗氧化、抗菌消炎、解热镇痛、利胆利尿、降糖降压等活性,对昆虫具有拒食作用。本文综述了2000年来香科科属20余种植物成分及生物活性研究进展,为该属植物的研究与利用提供理论依据。     

HIV感染早期病毒p24蛋白的检测

目的:建立敏感、特异的检测血清中HIV-p24蛋白的方法,作为HIV感染早期即窗口期的监测手段。方法:用纯化的p24蛋白免疫小鼠及家兔,获得单克隆及多克隆抗体,经DEAE-52阴离子交换柱纯化后,标记辣根过氧化物酶,建立ELISA双抗体夹心及间接双抗体夹心方法,检测HIV-p24蛋白。结果:包被单抗、标记多抗或包被多抗、标记单抗,均能特异地检出系列稀释的p24蛋白,包被混合单抗较包被多抗更敏感;经标记的抗种属抗体放大可明显提高检测的敏感性。结论:建立了敏感、特异的检测p24蛋白的双抗体夹心法,间接放大方法可检出50pg/mL的HIV-p24蛋白,检测敏感性与国际同类产品相似。     

新乡市水源地土壤重金属含量特征及其对地下水的影响

对新乡市自来水水源地土壤和地下水重金属含量特征进行分析,结果表明:土壤中Pb含量达标,Zn、Cr、Ni和Cu含量超标,其平均含量分别为1213.80、115.22、189.56和60.39mg.kg-1;用化学连续浸提法对超标元素化学形态分布进行研究表明,Zn、Cr、Ni和Cu残渣态含量最高,所占比例分别为87.81%、78.38%、84.26%和59.33%,可交换态含量最低,所占比例分别为0.21%、2.56%、1.00%和3.51%,由于Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu主要以迁移性最弱的残渣态为主,未发现地下水中重金属含量超标。     

Effect of arylformamidase (kynurenine formamidase) gene inactivation in mice on enzymatic activity, kynurenine pathway metabolites and phenotype

The gene coding for arylformamidase (Afmid, also known as kynurenine formamidase) was inactivated in mice through the removal of a shared bidirectional promoter region regulating expression of the Afmid and thymidine kinase (Tk) genes. Afmid/Tk -deficient mice are known to develop sclerosis of glomeruli and to have an abnormal immune system. Afmid-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-formyl-kynurenine is a key step in tryptophan metabolism and biosynthesis of kynurenine-derived products including kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, nicotinamide, NAD, and NADP. A disruption of these pathways is implicated in neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. In wild-type (WT) mice, Afmid-specific activity (as measured by formyl-kynurenine hydrolysis) was 2-fold higher in the liver than in the kidney. Formyl-kynurenine hydrolysis was reduced by approximately 50% in mice heterozygous (HZ) for Afmid/Tk and almost completely eliminated in Afmid/Tk knockout (KO) mice. However, there was 13% residual formyl-kynurenine hydrolysis in the kidney of KO mice, suggesting the existence of a formamidase other than Afmid. Liver and kidney levels of nicotinamide plus NAD/NADP remained the same in WT, HZ and KO mice. Plasma concentrations of formyl-kynurenine, kynurenine, and kynurenic acid were elevated in KO mice (but not HZ mice) relative to WT mice, further suggesting that there must be enzymes other than Afmid (possibly in the kidney) capable of metabolizing formyl-kynurenine into kynurenine. Gradual kidney deterioration and subsequent failure in KO mice is consistent with high levels of tissue-specific Afmid expression in the kidney of WT but not KO mice. On this basis, the most significant function of the kynurenine pathway and Afmid in mice may be in eliminating toxic metabolites and to a lesser extent in providing intermediates for other processes.     

The xanthophyll cycle, its regulation and components

During the last few years much interest has been focused on the photoprotective role of zeaxanthin. In excessive light zeaxanthin is rapidly formed in the xanthophyll cycle from violaxanthin, via the intermediate antheraxanthin, a reaction reversed in the dark. The role of zeaxanthin and the xanthophyll cycle in photoprotection, is based on fluorescence quenching measurements, and in many studies a good correlation to the amount of zeaxanthin (and antheraxanthin) has been found. Other suggested roles for the xanthophylls involve, protection against oxidative stress of lipids, participation in the blue light response, modulation of the membrane fluidity and regulation of abscisic acid synthesis. The enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase has recently been purified from spinach and lettuce as a 43-kDa protein. It was found as 1 molecule per 20–100 electron-transport chains. The gene has been cloned and sequenced from Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. The transit peptide was characteristic of nuclear-encoded and lumen-localized proteins. The activity of violaxanthin de-epoxidase is controlled by the lumen pH. Thus, below pH 6.6 the enzyme binds to the thylakoid membrane. In addition ascorbate becomes protonated to ascorbic acid (pK_a= 4.2) the true substrate (K_m= 0.1 m M ) for the violaxanthin de-epoxidase. We present arguments for an ascorbate transporter in the thylakoid membrane. The enzyme zeaxanthin epoxidase requires FAD as a cofactor and appears to use ferredoxin rather than NADPH as a reductant. The zeaxanthin epoxidase has not been isolated but the gene has been sequenced and a functional protein of 72.5 kDa has been expressed. The xanthophyll cycle pigments are almost evenly distributed in the thylakoid membrane and at least part of the pigments appears to be free in the lipid matrix where we conclude that the conversion by violaxanthin de-epoxidase occurs.     

Monitoring nitric oxide from immobilised denitrifying bacteria, Pseudomonas stutzeri, by the use of chemiluminescence

A chemiluminescence detector was used to measure the production of nitric oxide, NO, from the denitrifying bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri. NO is an intermediate when P. stutzeri converts nitrate into nitrogen gas. The reaction between NO and ozone is selective and sensitive in generating chemiluminescence. Calibrations were made down to 1 nM, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Bacteria were immobilised in alginate beads. Denitrification experiments were made in an anaerobic non-growth medium by adding nitrate to a certain concentration in the reactor. The bacteria were exposed to nitrate in the concentration range 1 pM–5 mM. The lowest concentration to give a measurable NO response was 100 nM. Received: 16 October 1997 / Received revision: 20 January 1998 / Accepted: 24 January 1998     

老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统的建立及其应用

目的：探索建立老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统,并进行应用及效果评价。方法：依托物联网技术和信息化手段,将老年人跌倒综合防控策略从线下导入线上,建立集风险评估、远程教育、反馈评价于一体的老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统。运用该系统对126名干休所老年人（年龄≥ 60岁）进行评估,量化跌倒风险等级,对筛选出的84名高危老年人进行远程连续综合干预,干预措施包括分发宣传画册,制作宣教幻灯片及视频进行远程播放与讲解。采用自身前后对照,分析评价干预6个月后跌倒相关情况。结果：高危人群跌倒发生率由21.43%降至4.76%（P<0.01）;身体平衡能力和步态稳定性改善情况明显（P<0.01）;能够自觉进行正确防控行为的比例显著提高（P<0.01）;进行复杂行为时更有信心不会跌倒（P<0.01）;居家环境安全性整体提高（P<0.01）。结论：老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统可通过全面评估筛选出高危人群,实施远程连续综合干预,降低跌倒发生率,可进一步推广应用。     

湖南侗族体质现状及其与30年前资料的比较

对湖南通道侗族自治县326(男118,女108)例正常成年侗族进行了活体观察与活体测量,分析了侗族的体质特征及其对应分型,通过与30年前同一地区的资料进行动态比较分析显示,湖南侗族身高没有明显变化,头面部的形态有向长窄高变化的趋势,女性体质特征变化较男性更明显。同时,湖南侗族与我国南方其他19个群体聚类分析结果表明,湖南侗族体质特征与广西侗族、湖北侗族、广西彝族和瑶族,以及贵州三都布依族较接近。