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31.
Ecosystem Restoration of Jhum Fallows in Northeast India: Microbial C and N Along Altitudinal and Successional Gradients 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Abstract To characterize the altitudinal and successional trends in microbial biomass and to understand their role in soil nutrient dynamics during the aggradation phase (vegetation recovery) of abandoned shifting cultivation systems, we determined the soil properties and microbial C and N in jhum (slash‐and‐burn) cultivation systems at different altitudes and 1‐, 7‐, and 16‐year‐old fallow agricultural lands at lower and higher altitudes in the northeastern Indian hills. Density of ground vegetation was lower in the undisturbed forest than in the jhum fallows. In general, 1‐year jhum fallow had greater herbaceous vegetation both at lower and higher altitudes. Although woody plants were observed in 7‐ and 16‐year‐old jhum fallows, their density was highest in the forest. Soil moisture, organic C, and total N also increased gradually with increasing altitude and progressive secondary succession. Soil pH showed a negative correlation with altitude (as also confounded by soil type) and fallow age. Both microbial C and N had a close correlation with altitude and fallow age. Contribution of microbial C to soil organic C was 2.0–2.6% and microbial N to total N 1.4–2.2% in jhum fields, 2.4–4.3% and 1.2–2.1%, respectively, in jhum fallows, and 2.5–2.9% and 1.6–1.9% in the forests. Microbial C and N showed a negative correlation with herbaceous plant density. Microbial biomass in the jhum fallows and forest stands had a positive relationship with woody vegetation. Along an altitudinal and/or successional gradient, microbial C and N were positively correlated with water‐holding capacity, soil moisture, organic C, and total N and negatively correlated with soil pH. Microbial C and N were positively correlated with each other. Therefore, the study suggests that the altitudinal and successional dynamics of microbial C and N are linked to, among other properties, soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the soil during community development after land abandonment from shifting cultivation. 相似文献
32.
Mandal A Arunachalam SC Meleshkevitch EA Mandal PK Boudko DY Ahearn GA 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2009,179(2):205-214
We have previously reported on calcium transport mechanisms in American lobster, Homarus americanus, using 45Ca2+ coupled with vesicle preparations of hepatopancreatic endoplasmic reticulum. The active transport of calcium across membranes
bordering calcium-sequestering stores such as sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum is catalyzed by membrane-spanning proteins,
the sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs). In the study described here we used advanced bioinformatics and molecular techniques to clone SERCA from
the economically important Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. We report the complete cloning of a full-length SERCA from P. argus antenna cDNA (GenBank accession number AY702617). This cDNA has a 1020-amino acid residue open reading frame which is 90%
identical to published sequences of other crustacean SERCA proteins. Our data support the hypothesis that one crustacean and
three vertebrate genes controlling calcium transport were derived from a common ancestral gene. 相似文献
33.
Arumugam Geetha Panneerselvam Saranya Sam Annie Jeyachristy Rajagopal Surendran Arunachalam Sundaram 《Biological trace element research》2009,130(3):229-240
Altered copper homeostasis and oxidative stress have been observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-ceruloplasmin
copper, the free form, is a potent pro-oxidant than the protein bound copper. The aim of the present study was to evaluate
which form of copper can be correlated with the oxidative stress in the circulation and in the malignant liver tissues of
hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients (grades II and III, n = 18) were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of total, free and bound copper, ceruloplasmin, iron, iron-binding capacity,
lipid peroxidation products, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were quantified in serum and in malignant liver
tissues and compared with those of normal samples (n = 20). A significant positive correlation between the serum non-ceruloplasmin copper and lipid peroxidation products and
negative correlation with antioxidants were observed in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In liver tissue, glutathione peroxidase,
superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity were significantly decreased with concomitant elevation in oxidative stress markers.
Our experiment revealed that the elevation in non-ceruloplasmin copper has high relevance with the oxidative stress than the
bound copper. 相似文献
34.
Substrate selection and seasonal variation in densities of invertebrates in stream pools of a tropical river 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
M. Arunachalam K. C. Madhusoodanan Nair J. Vijverberg K. Kortmulder H. Suriyanarayanan 《Hydrobiologia》1991,213(2):141-148
Spatial distribution and seasonal variation in densities of the invertebrates were investigated for a year in three stream pools of a South Indian river. The effects of season, substrate type and water depth on the distribution were analyzed. Substrate type and season influenced the invertebrate distribution the most. Leaf packs harboured most of the organisms followed by macro-algal substrate and sand. The lowest densities were observed on rocky substrates and in the water column. Rocky substrates in shallow water supported higher densities of total invertebrates than deeper areas. Chironomid larvae dominated all benthic substrates throughout the year. Of the 19 invertebrate taxa studied, 6 showed no seasonality in densities, and most of the rest showed their highest densities in the pre-monsoon period and lowest in the SW monsoon or post-monsoon periods. However, in two of the three pools, the densities of total invertebrates were highest during the post-monsoon period with secondary peaks in the pre-monsoon period. 相似文献
35.
Fujita Y Xu A Xie L Arunachalam L Chou TC Jiang T Chiew SK Kourtesis J Wang L Gaisano HY Sugita S 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(29):21392-21403
Although CAPS1 was originally identified as a soluble factor that reconstitutes Ca(2+)-dependent secretion from permeabilized neuroendocrine cells, its exact function in intact mammalian cells remains controversial. Here we investigate the role for CAPS1 by generating stable cell lines in which CAPS1 is strongly down-regulated. In these cells, Ca(2+)-dependent secretion was strongly reduced not only of catecholamine but also of a transfected neuropeptide. These secretion defects were rescued by infusion of CAPS1-containing brain cytosol or by transfection-mediated expression of CAPS1. Whole cell patch clamp recording revealed significant reductions in slow burst and sustained release components of exocytosis in the knockdown cells. Unexpectedly, they also accumulated higher amounts of endogenous and exogenous transmitters, which were attributable to reductions in constitutive secretion. Electron microscopy did not reveal abnormalities in the number or docking of dense core vesicles. Our results indicate that CAPS1 plays critical roles not only in Ca(2+)-dependent, regulated exocytosis but also in constitutive exocytosis downstream of vesicle docking. However, they do not support the role for CAPS1 in loading transmitters into dense core vesicles. 相似文献
36.
Conditions influencing production kinetics of bovine interleukin 2 (IL-2), viz. cell concentration, mitogen and its concentration, length of incubation, nutrient medium and in vivo antigen-priming were investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) of outbred cattle of different age groups showed considerable variation in their ability to secrete IL-2 which possibly reflects their immune competence. Of the cultures initiated with PBL, 5 x 10(6) cells/ml cultured in serum free Iscove's medium and stimulated with 5 micrograms Con A/ml for 24 hr produced maximal amount of IL-2 activity. In vivo antigen-priming of bovine lymphocytes with the live attenuated rinderpest virus revealed that IL-2 production was not affected by rinderpest virus but the in vivo antigen-priming possibly resulted in concomitant production of suppressor factor(s) which suppressed the already produced IL-2. The implications of this factor(s) in relation to regulation of immune responses in the disease process are discussed. 相似文献
37.
Jeyaraj Antony Johnson Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2012,93(1):51-60
The diet and feeding ecology of 12 cyprinid fishes were studied in the Thalayanai stream of southern India. The diet of Barbodes sarana, Danio aequipinnatus and Rasbora daniconius were specialized in terrestrial and aquatic insects. Hypselobarbus dobsoni and Garra mullya consumed vegetative matter and unicellular algae as their most important dietary component, respectively. Hypselobarbus curmuca and Hypselobarbus dubius specialized in crustaceans and molluscs. Puntius amphibious, Puntius bimaculatus, Puntius dorsalis, Puntius filamentosus and Puntius tambraparniei fed on variety of food resources (aquatic insects, algae and detritus) and their feeding intake varied between wet to dry
seasons. Levin’s index of diet breadth showed the broadest diets for P. dorsalis in both seasons, whereas G. mullya had a narrow feeding spectrum in both seasons. Among co-existing species, diet overlaps were substantially low during both
wet and dry season. These results suggest that feeding specialization and low diet overlap reduce inter-specific competition,
allowing co-existence of these cyprinid fishes in this highly structured stream assemblage. 相似文献
38.
39.
Karthiyaini Damodharan Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi Bao Le Joo-Won Suh Seung Hwan Yang 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2018,56(10):753-759
A novel actinobacterium, strain SK68, was isolated from the rhizosphere of peanut plant and its salinity stress alleviation ability was studied using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) plants. Based on 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analysis, strain SK68 has been identified as a Streptomyces sp. Strain SK68 had branched substrate mycelium bearing smooth surfaced spores and the spore colour is brownish grey on ISP4 medium. It exhibited enzyme activities such as xylanase, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase and degraded hypoxanthine, casein, and L-tyrosine. The strain SK68 differed in its banding pattern in BOX-PCR and RAPD fingerprinting compared to the closely matching type strains Streptomyces erythrochromogenes NBRC 3304T (AB184746), S. flavotricini NBRC 12770T (AB184132), S. racemochromogenes NBRC 12906T (AB184235), and S. polychromogenes NBRC 13072T (NR041109). Strain SK68 was evaluated for its salinity stress-alleviating activity in tomato plants with 180 mmol/L NaCl under gnotobiotic condition. A significant increase in plant biomass was observed in strain SK68-inoculated tomato plants under salt stress compared to control and salt-stressed non-inoculated plants. 相似文献
40.
Arunachalam Kalaiarasi Renu Sankar Chidambaram Anusha Kandasamy Saravanan Kalyanasundaram Aarthy Selvaraj Karthic Theodore lemuel Mathuram Vilwanathan Ravikumar 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(2):249-256