全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4580篇 |
免费 | 434篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
5016篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 93篇 |
2020年 | 64篇 |
2019年 | 98篇 |
2018年 | 109篇 |
2017年 | 99篇 |
2016年 | 127篇 |
2015年 | 203篇 |
2014年 | 221篇 |
2013年 | 261篇 |
2012年 | 319篇 |
2011年 | 258篇 |
2010年 | 177篇 |
2009年 | 154篇 |
2008年 | 228篇 |
2007年 | 236篇 |
2006年 | 217篇 |
2005年 | 225篇 |
2004年 | 177篇 |
2003年 | 177篇 |
2002年 | 153篇 |
2001年 | 113篇 |
2000年 | 107篇 |
1999年 | 101篇 |
1998年 | 65篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 72篇 |
1991年 | 61篇 |
1990年 | 69篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 42篇 |
1986年 | 32篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 36篇 |
1982年 | 39篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1968年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有5016条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Two species of the colonial green flagellate family Volvocaceae are worldwide in distribution yet exhibit contrasting species structure. Geographically disparate isolates of Gonium pectorale Mueller can interbreed while isolates of Pandorina morum Bory behave quite differently. More than 20 sexually isolated subpopulations occur within this species; these have been termed “syngens” (sensu Sonneborn). Because prezygotic barriers to mating cause intersyngen pairings to fail, breeding analyses cannot be used to estimate genetic relatedness among the syngens of P. morum. DNA comparisons provide an alternative method of assessing genetic relatedness. We compared the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat among clones of P. morum and of G. pectorale. Members of syngens of P. morum with distribution restricted to one small geographical area show great similarity. Likewise, members of any syngen of worldwide distribution show near uniformity, even those from different continents. However, the ITS sequence of each syngen differs from that of other syngens. In contrast, G. pectorale, which has an ITS region that is remarkably uniform throughout the world, appears to consist of a single syngen within North America and Europe by mating tests. The molecular data are in complete conformity with previous syngen assignment. Because the latter is based on mating affinity, with two complementary mating types per syngen, the evolution of new mating type pairs appears to be the basis of microevolution in these algae. We infer that either P. morum is a more ancient species than G. pectorale or that P. morum has a less stable genome. In either case, the biogeographic distribution of certain syngens may reflect climatological changes of the past. 相似文献
132.
133.
134.
135.
Background
Overlapped genes originate by a) loss of a stop codon among contiguous genes coded in different frames; b) shift to an upstream initiation codon of one of the contiguous genes; or c) by overprinting, whereby a novel open reading frame originates through point mutation inside an existing gene. Although overlapped genes are common in viruses, it is not clear whether overprinting has led to new genes in prokaryotes. 相似文献136.
Signalling of Trichomonas vaginalis for amoeboid transformation and adhesin synthesis follows cytoadherence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rossana Arroyo Arturo González-Robles Adolfo Martínez-Palomo J. F. Alderete 《Molecular microbiology》1993,7(2):299-309
The cytoadherence of Trichomonas vaginalis, the sexually transmitted flagellated protozoan, to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) is the key to infection. Electron microscopy revealed that in vitro-grown parasites having typical globular shape transformed rapidly after contact with VECs into thin, flat, amoeboid cells, maximizing the area of adhesion to the surface of VECs. Amoebic trichomonads formed filopodia and pseudopodia, which interdigitated at distinct sites on the plasma membrane of target cells. In contrast, the amoeboid transformation did not occur for T. vaginalis interacting with He La cells, the previously used in vitro host model cell. Initial parasitism of VECs by a single organism was followed by establishment of a monolayer of trichomonads on the host cell. Finally, parasites adhering to either VECs or HeLa cells were induced to synthesize greater amounts of the four previously described adhesins. Therefore, distinct signals after contact with either epithelial cell type leads to the morphological transformation and/or induction of adhesin synthesis by T. vaginalis. 相似文献
137.
138.
Xabier Rodríguez‐Martínez Semih Sevim Xiaofeng Xu Carlos Franco Paula Pamies‐Puig Laura Crcoles‐Guija Romen Rodriguez‐Trujillo Francisco Javier del Campo David Rodriguez San Miguel Andrew J. deMello Salvador Pan David B. Amabilino Olle Ingans Josep Puigmartí‐Luis Mariano Campoy‐Quiles 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(33)
Microfluidic technologies are highly adept at generating controllable compositional gradients in fluids, a feature that has accelerated the understanding of the importance of chemical gradients in biological processes. That said, the development of versatile methods to generate controllable compositional gradients in the solid‐state has been far more elusive. The ability to produce such gradients would provide access to extensive compositional libraries, thus enabling the high‐throughput exploration of the parametric landscape of functional solids and devices in a resource‐, time‐, and cost‐efficient manner. Herein, the synergic integration of microfluidic technologies is reported with blade coating to enable the controlled formation of compositional lateral gradients in solution. Subsequently, the transformation of liquid‐based compositional gradients into solid‐state thin films using this method is demonstrated. To demonstrate efficacy of the approach, microfluidic‐assisted blade coating is used to optimize blending ratios in organic solar cells. Importantly, this novel technology can be easily extended to other solution processable systems that require the formation of solid‐state compositional lateral gradients. 相似文献
139.
Zavala-Ortiz Daniel Arturo Ebel Bruno Guedon Emmanuel Marc Annie Barradas-Dermitz Dulce María Hayward-Jones Patricia Margaret Aguilar-Uscanga María Guadalupe 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2020,43(4):747-752
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - Plant suspension culture is attracting interest as a promising platform to produce biological medicines due to the absence of virus, prions or DNA related to... 相似文献
140.
Nader Morshed William T Ralvenius Alexi Nott L Ashley Watson Felicia H Rodriguez Leyla A Akay Brian A Joughin PingChieh Pao Jay Penney Lauren LaRocque Diego Mastroeni LiHuei Tsai Forest M White 《Molecular systems biology》2020,16(12)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the appearance of amyloid‐β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammation in brain regions involved in memory. Using mass spectrometry, we have quantified the phosphoproteome of the CK‐p25, 5XFAD, and Tau P301S mouse models of neurodegeneration. We identified a shared response involving Siglec‐F which was upregulated on a subset of reactive microglia. The human paralog Siglec‐8 was also upregulated on microglia in AD. Siglec‐F and Siglec‐8 were upregulated following microglial activation with interferon gamma (IFNγ) in BV‐2 cell line and human stem cell‐derived microglia models. Siglec‐F overexpression activates an endocytic and pyroptotic inflammatory response in BV‐2 cells, dependent on its sialic acid substrates and immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibition motif (ITIM) phosphorylation sites. Related human Siglecs induced a similar response in BV‐2 cells. Collectively, our results point to an important role for mouse Siglec‐F and human Siglec‐8 in regulating microglial activation during neurodegeneration. 相似文献