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51.
52.
The reversal of phenylarsenoxide inhibition of keto acid oxidation in mitochondrial and bacterial suspensions by lipoic acid and other disulphides 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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1. Inhibition of pyruvate oxidation in suspensions of Aerobacter aerogenes cells and of isolated mitochondria from rat heart and liver by phenylarsenoxide is prevented by an excess of lipoic acid, whereas inhibition due to certain bivalent cations is not. 2. In both systems inhibition persists when the bacteria and mitochondria are recovered and resuspended in fresh media in the absence of the inhibitor. Persistent inhibition due to preincubation with phenylarsenoxide, but not with the metal ions, is reversed by lipoic acid and by certain other disulphides. 3. 2,3-Dimercaptopropan-1-ol prevents the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation by phenylarsenoxide and by bivalent cations in both mitochondria and bacterial cells. 4. In aerobic suspensions of mitochondria and bacteria disulphides such as lipoic acid are reduced rapidly to dithiols. Reduction is inhibited by Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+), but not by phenylarsenoxide. 5. It is concluded that the inability of lipoic acid to prevent the action of the metal ions on pyruvate oxidation is due to the inhibition of its reduction to the effective dithiol. 相似文献
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Suspensions of HeLa and S37 cells, with and without added glycerol, were cooled in stages to -79°C. and held at that temperature for 30 minutes. After warming to room temperature the cells were fixed, sectioned, and compared by phase contrast and electron microscopy with similar specimens kept at room temperature. Correlated viability tests were made. Abnormal cytological characteristics, visible with the phase contrast microscope, were clearly related to the sequence of freezing and thawing, and the proportion of altered cells was highest in specimens cooled without glycerol. Electron microscopy showed that even in the presence of glycerol all cells were markedly altered, with distinctive vesiculation and disruption of the various intracellular membranes. There is evidence that much cytoplasmic damage is compatible with survival, but it seems likely that separation of the two layers of the nuclear envelope and rearrangement of the nuclear contents are signs of irreversible damage. The findings lend some support to the belief that cell death on cooling is due largely to denaturation of semipermeable membranes, caused by the increasing concentration of electrolytes. 相似文献
56.
Complement-fixation tests with cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma and acute leukemias 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Armstrong, Donald (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa.), Gertrude Henle, and Werner Henle. Complement-fixation tests with cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma and acute leukemias. J. Bacteriol. 91:1257-1262. 1966.-Cells of various lines isolated from Burkitt's lymphomas and acute leukemias and disintegrated by freezing and thawing or sonic treatment were found to react in complement-fixation tests with a considerable proportion of human sera. At least 10(7) cells per milliliter were required for antigenic activity. All but one of 13 sera from Burkitt lymphoma patients were positive, with titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:320. About 20% of sera from American children and 60% of sera from adults, regardless of diagnosis, showed titers in a similar range. Sera giving positive tests with one of the neoplastic white cell antigens usually reacted also with many if not all of the others, but rarely with antigens derived from normal peripheral leukocyte cultures and not at all with HeLa or other human nonleukocytic cells. Various observations indicate that the complement-fixation test measures mainly antigens which are different from those detected by immunofluorescence. The nature of the reactions described remains obscure. 相似文献
57.
Past research has shown that there is a circadian oscillator in laboratory rats that is entrained by restricted feeding schedules. However, in laboratory rats at least, the light-dark (LD) cycle is the dominant zeitgeber in the entrainment of wheel-running activity rhythms. Given that dasyurid marsupials are predominantly carnivorous, the episodic intake of food in the wild and the high nutritive content of that food suggest that food may be an important zeitgeber in these species. Twelve Sminthopsis macroura froggatti were presented with a daily meal at 0900 hr under an LD 12:12 cycle with lights-on at 0600 hr for 37 days. Activity in anticipation of the meal was observed in most animals. Following this, all animals were exposed to periods of 12-18 days ad lib. food interspersed with 3-day periods of deprivation--a technique used previously to demonstrate persistent meal-associated rhythms. The meal-associated activity rhythms previously observed in rats during the 3-day deprivation period were not seen, but the 3-day deprivation period produced large phase-shifts in the activity rhythms of several S.m. froggatti. It is concluded that meal feeding does not dominate the LD cycle in entraining dasyurid marsupials, but that the frequent observation of phase shifts suggests a different and, perhaps, stronger role for food intake in biological rhythmicity than has been observed previously in laboratory rats. 相似文献
58.
Quinacrine, an acridine derivative which competitively binds to ATP binding sites, has previously been shown to cause the reorganization of metaphase spindle microtubules (MTs) due to changes in interactions of non-kinetochore microtubules (nkMTs) of opposite polarity (Armstrong and Snyder: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 7:10-19, 1987). In the study presented here, mitotic PtK1 cells were treated in early anaphase with concentrations of quinacrine ranging from 2 to 12 microM to determine energy requirements for chromosome motion. The rate and extent of chromosome-to-pole movements (anaphase A) were not affected by these quinacrine treatments. The extent of anaphase B (kinetochore-kinetochore separation) was reduced with increasing concentrations of quinacrine. Five micromolar quinacrine reduced the extent of kinetochore-kinetochore separation by 20%, and addition of 12 microM quinacrine reduced the kinetochore-kinetochore separation by 40%. To determine the role of nkMTs in anaphase spindle elongation, quinacrine-treated metaphase cells were treated with hyperosmotic sucrose concentrations, and spindle elongation was measured (Snyder et al.: Eur J. Cell Biol. 39:373-379, 1985). Metaphase cells treated with 2-10 microM concentrations of quinacrine for 2-5 min reduced spindle lengths by 10-50% prior to 0.5 M sucrose treatment for 5 min. This treatment showed a significant reduction in the ability of sucrose to induce spindle elongation in cells pretreated with quinacrine. As spindle length and birefringence was reduced by quinacrine treatment, sucrose-induced elongation was concomitantly diminished. These data suggest that quinacrine-sensitive linkages are necessary for anaphase B motions. Reduction in these linkages and/or MT length in the nkMT continuum may reduce the ability of the nkMTs to hold compression at metaphase. This form of energy is thought to drive a significant proportion of normal anaphase B in PtK1 cells and sucrose-induced metaphase spindle elongation. 相似文献
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In vitro analysis of the oligodendrocyte lineage in mice during demyelination and remyelination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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R Armstrong V L Friedrich K V Holmes M Dubois-Dalcq 《The Journal of cell biology》1990,111(3):1183-1195
A demyelinating disease induced in C57B1/6N mice by intracranial injection of a coronavirus (murine hepatitis virus strain A59) is followed by functional recovery and efficient CNS myelin repair. To study the biological properties of the cells involved in this repair process, glial cells were isolated and cultured from spinal cords of these young adult mice during demyelination and remyelination. Using three-color immunofluorescence combined with [3H]thymidine autoradiography, we have analyzed the antigenic phenotype and mitotic potential of individual glial cells. We identified oligodendrocytes with an antibody to galactocerebroside, astrocytes with an antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein, and oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells with the O4 antibody. Cultures from demyelinated tissue differed in several ways from those of age-matched controls: first, the total number of O-2A lineage cells was strikingly increased; second, the O-2A population consisted of a higher proportion of O4-positive astrocytes and cells of mixed oligodendrocyte-astrocyte phenotype; and third, all the cell types within the O-2A lineage showed enhanced proliferation. This proliferation was not further enhanced by adding PDGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to the defined medium. However, bFGF and IGF-I seemed to influence the fate of O-2A lineage cells in cultures of demyelinated tissue. Basic FGF decreased the percentage of cells expressing galactocerebroside. In contrast, IGF-I increased the relative proportion of oligodendrocytes. Thus, O-2A lineage cells from adult mice display greater phenotypic plasticity and enhanced mitotic potential in response to an episode of demyelination. These properties may be linked to the efficient remyelination achieved in this demyelinating disease. 相似文献