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131.
Carsten Schleh Christian Mühlfeld Karin Pulskamp Andreas Schmiedl Matthias Nassimi Hans D Lauenstein Armin Braun Norbert Krug Veit J Erpenbeck Jens M Hohlfeld 《Respiratory research》2009,10(1):90
Background
Pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension and is present at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli where inhaled nanoparticles preferentially deposit. We investigated the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanosized particles (NSP) and microsized particles (MSP) on biophysical surfactant function after direct particle contact and after surface area cycling in vitro. In addition, TiO2 effects on surfactant ultrastructure were visualized.Methods
A natural porcine surfactant preparation was incubated with increasing concentrations (50-500 μg/ml) of TiO2 NSP or MSP, respectively. Biophysical surfactant function was measured in a pulsating bubble surfactometer before and after surface area cycling. Furthermore, surfactant ultrastructure was evaluated with a transmission electron microscope.Results
TiO2 NSP, but not MSP, induced a surfactant dysfunction. For TiO2 NSP, adsorption surface tension (γads) increased in a dose-dependent manner from 28.2 ± 2.3 mN/m to 33.2 ± 2.3 mN/m (p < 0.01), and surface tension at minimum bubble size (γmin) slightly increased from 4.8 ± 0.5 mN/m up to 8.4 ± 1.3 mN/m (p < 0.01) at high TiO2 NSP concentrations. Presence of NSP during surface area cycling caused large and significant increases in both γads (63.6 ± 0.4 mN/m) and γmin (21.1 ± 0.4 mN/m). Interestingly, TiO2 NSP induced aberrations in the surfactant ultrastructure. Lamellar body like structures were deformed and decreased in size. In addition, unilamellar vesicles were formed. Particle aggregates were found between single lamellae.Conclusion
TiO2 nanosized particles can alter the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant. Particle size and surface area respectively play a critical role for the biophysical surfactant response in the lung. 相似文献132.
133.
Recombination Losses Above and Below the Transport Percolation Threshold in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells 下载免费PDF全文
Aren Yazmaciyan Martin Stolterfoht Paul L. Burn Qianqian Lin Paul Meredith Ardalan Armin 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(18)
Achieving the highest power conversion efficiencies in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells requires a morphology that delivers electron and hole percolation pathways for optimized transport, plus sufficient donor:acceptor contact area for near unity charge transfer state formation. This is a significant structural challenge, particularly in semiconducting polymer:fullerene systems. This balancing act in the model high efficiency PTB7:PC70BM blend is studied by tuning the donor:acceptor ratio, with a view to understanding the recombination loss mechanisms above and below the fullerene transport percolation threshold. The internal quantum efficiency is found to be strongly correlated to the slower carrier mobility in agreement with other recent studies. Furthermore, second‐order recombination losses dominate the shape of the current density–voltage curve in efficient blend combinations, where the fullerene phase is percolated. However, below the charge transport percolation threshold, there is an electric‐field dependence of first‐order losses, which includes electric‐field‐dependent photogeneration. In the intermediate regime, the fill factor appears to be limited by both first‐ and second‐order losses. These findings provide additional basic understanding of the interplay between the bulk heterojunction morphology and the order of recombination in organic solar cells. They also shed light on the limitations of widely used transport models below the percolation threshold. 相似文献
134.
Heinz Kress Armin Fuchs 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1958,28(6):268-275
Zusammenfassung Es wurden aus einer lettischen Weißkleepopulation selbstfertile Formen ausgelesen und im Verlaufe von 7 Jahren geprüft. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß die bei den fremdbestäubten Weißklee-Populationen in der Praxis beobachteten Schwankungen im Samenertrag auch bei den selbstfertilen Formen zu beobachten sind, obwohl diese vom Bienenflug nicht mehr unbedingt abhängig sind. Als Ursache dieser Schwankungen konnte die Witterungsgestaltung während der Vorund Hochsommermonate ermittelt werden. Allerdings scheinen die Witterungsbedingungen nicht unmittelbar, sondern mittelbar über die negative Korrelation zwischen der Ausbildung vegetativer und generativer Pflanzenmasse auf die Selbstfertilität einzuwirken. Neben der starken Variabilität der Selbstfertilität traten aber auch erblich bedingte Selbstfertilitätsunterschiede auf, die sich von den Umweltbedingungen nicht verwischen ließen. Daraus wird die Möglichkeit abgeleitet, durch weitere züchterische Bearbeitung die noch sehr labil ausgebildete Selbstfertilität bei den ausgelesenen Pflanzen zu verbessern und zu festigen.Mit 9 Textabbildungen 相似文献
135.
Ingo Marenholz Armin Volz Andreas Ziegler Angela Davies Ioannis Ragoussis Bernhard P. Korge Dietmar Mischke 《Genomics》1996,37(3):295
The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) unites a remarkable number of structurally, functionally, and evolutionarily related genes that play an important role in terminal differentiation of the human epidermis. It is localized within 2.05 Mb of region q21 on human chromosome 1. We have identified and characterized 24 yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones by mapping individual EDC genes, sequence-tagged site (STS) markers (D1S305, D1S442, D1S498, D1S1664), and 10 new region-specific probes (D1S3619–D1S3628). Here we present a contig that covers about 6 Mb of 1q21 including the entire EDC. Fluorescencein situhybridization on metaphase chromosomes with two YACs flanking the EDC determined its chromosomal orientation and established, in conjunction with physical mapping results, the following order of genes and STSs: 1cen–D1S442–D1S498–S100A10–THH–FLG–D1S1664–IVL–SPRR3–SPRR1–SPRR2–LOR–S100A9–S100A8–S100A7–S100A6–S100A5–S100A4–S100A3–S100A2–S100A1–D1S305–1qtel. These integrated physical, cytogenetic, and genetic mapping data will be useful for linkage analyses of diseases associated with region 1q21 and for the identification of novel genes and regulatory elements in the EDC. 相似文献
136.
Keeley L. Zimmerman Armin D. Jamshidi Andreana Buckenberger Richard A. Satterlie 《Invertebrate Biology》2019,138(3)
We used fluorescently labeled phalloidin to examine the subumbrellar musculature of the scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia aurita in a developmental series from ephyra to adult medusa. In the ephyra, the swim musculature includes a disc‐like sheet of circular muscle, in addition to two radial bands of muscle in each of the eight ephyral arms. The radial muscle bands join with the circular muscle, and both circular and radial muscle act together during each swim contraction. As the ephyra grows into a juvenile medusa, arms tissue is resorbed as the bell tissue grows outward, so eventually, the ephyral arms disappear. During this process, the circular muscle disc also grows outward and the radial muscle bands of the arms also disappear. At this time, a marginal gap appears at the bell margin, which is devoid of circular muscle cells, but has a loose arrangement of radial muscle fibers. This marginal gap is preserved as the medusa grows, and contributes to the floppy nature of the bell margin. Radial distortions in the circular muscle layer involve muscle fibers that run in random directions, with a primarily radial orientation. These are believed to be remnants of the radial muscle of the ephyral arms, and the distortions decrease in number and extent as the medusa grows. Since the mechanics of swimming changes from drag‐based paddling in the ephyra to marginal rowing in the adult medusa, the development of the marginal gap and the presence of radial distortions should be considered in terms of this mechanical transition. 相似文献
137.
138.
Molecular structure of a novel cholesterol-responsive A subclass ABC transporter,ABCA9 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Piehler A Kaminski WE Wenzel JJ Langmann T Schmitz G 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2002,295(2):408-416
We recently identified a novel ABC A subclass transporter, ABCA6, in human macrophages. Here, we report the molecular cloning of an additional ABC A subfamily transporter from macrophages denoted ABCA9. The identified coding sequence is 4.9 kb in size and codes for a 1624 amino acid protein product. In accordance with the proposed nomenclature, the novel transporter was designated ABCA9. The putative full-length ABC transporter polypeptide consists of two transmembrane domains and two nucleotide binding folds and thus conforms to the group of full-size ABC transporters. We identified alternative ABCA9 mRNA variants in human macrophages that predict the existence of three truncated forms of the novel transporter. Among the human ABC A subfamily transporters, ABCA9 exhibits the highest amino acid sequence homology with ABCA8 (72%) and ABCA6 (60%), respectively. The striking amino acid sequence similarity between these transporter molecules supports the notion that they represent an evolutionary more recently emerged subgroup within the family of ABC A transporters, which we refer to as "ABCA6-like transporters." ABCA9 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed with the highest mRNA levels in heart, brain, and fetal tissues. Analysis of the genomic structure revealed that the ABCA9 gene consists of 39 exons that are located within a genomic region of approximately 85 kb size on chromosome 17q24.2. In human macrophages, ABCA9 mRNA is induced during monocyte differentiation into macrophages and suppressed by cholesterol import indicating that ABCA9, like other known ABC A subfamily transporters, is a cholesterol-responsive gene. Based on this information, ABCA9 is likely involved in monocyte differentiation and macrophage lipid homeostasis. 相似文献
139.
140.
Binding of ovarian cancer antigen CA125/MUC16 to mesothelin mediates cell adhesion 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Rump A Morikawa Y Tanaka M Minami S Umesaki N Takeuchi M Miyajima A 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(10):9190-9198
Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface molecule expressed in the mesothelial lining of the body cavities and in many tumor cells. Based on the finding that a soluble form of mesothelin specifically binds to ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3, we isolated cDNAs encoding a mesothelin-binding protein by expression cloning. The polypeptides encoded by the two cloned cDNA fragments matched to portions of CA125, an ovarian cancer antigen and a giant mucin-like glycoprotein present at the surface of tumor cells. By flow cytometric analysis and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that CA125 binds to mesothelin in a specific manner. Binding of CA125 to membrane-bound mesothelin mediates heterotypic cell adhesion as anti-mesothelin antibody blocks binding of OVCAR-3 cells expressing CA125 to an endothelial-like cell line expressing mesothelin. Finally, we show that CA125 and mesothelin are co-expressed in advanced grade ovarian adenocarcinoma. Taken together, our data indicate that mesothelin is a novel CA125-binding protein and that CA125 might contribute to the metastasis of ovarian cancer to the peritoneum by initiating cell attachment to the mesothelial epithelium via binding to mesothelin. 相似文献