Activity of native and dextran-modified hyaluronidase in in vitro and in vivo systems

Modified hyaluronidase derivatives have been obtained. Covalent coupling of the enzyme with aldehyde dextran results in 65-85% protein binding to the carrier, residual catalytic activity accounting for 90-100% of the baseline. Modified hyaluronidase is more thermostable than the native enzyme. The data on intravenous drug distribution in the mouse organs are promising and ensure effective use of modified hyaluronidase for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.     

Effect of cycloheximide and actinomycin D on the phospholipid and neutral lipid content of Cunninghamella japonica

Changes in the composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids were studied during the growth of Cunninghamella japonica under the action of cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The data were used to discuss how the synthesis of enzymes catalysing the formation of individual lipid classes was regulated and whether it would be possible to control the composition of phospholipids and neutral lipids using inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. The results are also indicative of a certain correlation between growth phases of the fungus and changes in certain characteristics of membrane lipids.     

Intracellular polysaccharide of an anaerobic psychrophile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clostridium algoriphilum</Emphasis>

Polysaccharide was revealed in the cytoplasm of spore-forming Clostridium algoriphilum 14D1 = VKM B-2271 = DSM 16153 grown on glucose at 5°C. This polymer was isolated, purified, and identified as a glycogen-like compound based on analysis of its hydrolysis products. The ratio of the polysaccharide to the dry biomass weight did not change in the course of culture growth. Limitation of C. algoriphilum 14D1 growth by nitrogen resulted in a doubling of the polysaccharide/dry biomass ratio. The transition of C. algoriphilum 14D1 cells from optimal conditions into carbon-free medium resulted in utilization of intracellular polysaccharide. The amount of polysaccharide was shown to depend on glucose concentration, type of the carbon substrate, and growth temperature. Future investigations of polysaccharide functions in C. algoriphilum 14D1 cells are discussed.     

Variation in forest area on the Central Russian Upland within the last 250 years

The variation in percentage of forested area in the zones of broadleaved forests and forest steppe on the Central Russian Upland is investigated on the basis of historical maps of the 18th–20th centuries and modern cosmic photographs. The distribution pattern of forests on the upland remains rather stable within the last 250 years, and an insignificant tendency for a decrease in the forest area is seen. Changes in forests are revealed in some regions. Forest destruction is intensive near the former tree entanglements of the 16th and 17th centuries, and analysis of their succession in the period of the 18th–20th centuries allows us to model the forested area on the Central Russian Upland by the start of the area development. Forest regeneration within the last 100-year-long period is seen in the basin of the upper reaches of the Oka River.     

Methacrylate-Reducing Activity of Anaerobic Bacteria Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans and Denitrovibrio acetiphilus

Microbiology - Periplasmic methacrylate-reducing activity was shown for anaerobic acetate-oxidizing gram-negative bacteria Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1Т (class Deltaproteobacteria) and...     

Effect of lysozyme on the growth of murine lymphoma and antineoplastic activity of cyclophosphamide]

It was shown that hen egg-white lysozyme (LM) in the dose 100 mg/kg under the daily intragastral use slightly inhibited tumor grown or did not influence significantly upon it and did not change antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. When used at mice C57Bl/6J with the transplanted ascitic or solid T-cell lymphoma EL4 (syngeneic system). On model of the same tumors in ascitic form at mice-hybrids (C57Bl/6J x DBA2)F1 (semisingeneic system) LM significantly potentiates antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide, though it had no effect on the rate of tumor growth. Potentiation of the effect of cyclophosphamide revealed itself in more slow development of ascite, increased mean life-span and the overall survival, appearance of completely cured animals. Our clinic-laboratory studies have revealed a sharp deficit of endogenic lysozyme in the blood serum of leukemic patients and extremely low lysozyme content in lavage liquid, from leukemic patients, with pneumonia. These data suggest that LM can be useful as a food additive in the complex treatment of oncological patients for enhancing antineoplastic chemotherapy efficacy.     

Effect of motor load on the course of functional maturation of the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system of adolescents

A comparative study of the state of the cardiovascular systems of adolescents not engaged in sports and young athletes of the same age has been performed. According to the indices recorded in the resting state, a relative lag of the functional development of the systems of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system was shown for adolescent nonathletes at an age of 13–14 years as compared with young athletes. This lag is compensated by the age of 15–16 years, but the adequate level of autonomic activity is reached through the activation of central regulatory mechanisms (sympathetic and humoral), with a relatively low contribution of the peripheral vagal and baroreflex mechanisms. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of assessment of the reactivity of the cardiovascular system of adolescents with different levels of motor activity in a functional test with limited pulmonary ventilation.