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121.
122.
Olle Håstad Julian C. Partridge Anders Ödeen 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2009,195(6):585-590
Gulls (Laridae excluding Sternidae) appear to be the only shorebirds (Charadriiformes) that have a short wavelength sensitive
type 1 (SWS1) cone pigment opsin tuned to ultraviolet (UV) instead of violet. However, the apparent UV-sensitivity has only
been inferred indirectly, via the interpretation that the presence of cysteine at the key amino acid position 90 in the SWS1
opsin confers UV sensitivity. Unless the cornea and the lens efficiently transmit UV to the retina, gulls might in effect
be similar to violet-sensitive birds in spectral sensitivity even if they have an ultraviolet sensitive (UVS) SWS1 visual
pigment. We report that the spectral transmission of the cornea and lens of great black-backed Larus marinus and herring gulls L. argentatus allow UV-sensitivity, having a λT0.5 value, 344 nm, similar to the ocular media of UV sensitive birds. By molecular sequencing of the second α-helical transmembrane
region of the SWS1 opsin gene we could also infer that 15 herring gulls and 16 yellow-legged gulls L. michahellis, all base-pair identical, are genetically UV-sensitive. 相似文献
123.
Silvia Perea Madelaine Böhme Primož Zupančič Jörg Freyhof Radek Šanda Müfit Özuluğ Asghar Abdoli Ignacio Doadrio 《BMC evolutionary biology》2010,10(1):265
Background
Leuciscinae is a subfamily belonging to the Cyprinidae fish family that is widely distributed in Circum-Mediterranean region. Many efforts have been carried out to deciphering the evolutionary history of this group. Thus, different biogeographical scenarios have tried to explain the colonization of Europe and Mediterranean area by cyprinids, such as the "north dispersal" or the "Lago Mare dispersal" models. Most recently, Pleistocene glaciations influenced the distribution of leuciscins, especially in North and Central Europe. Weighing up these biogeographical scenarios, this paper constitutes not only the first attempt at deciphering the mitochondrial and nuclear relationships of Mediterranean leuciscins but also a test of biogeographical hypotheses that could have determined the current distribution of Circum-Mediterranean leuciscins. 相似文献124.
Anne Frary Deniz Göl Davut Keleş Bilal Ökmen Hasan Pınar Hasan Ö Şığva Ahmet Yemenicioğlu Sami Doğanlar 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):58
Background
Excessive soil salinity is an important problem for agriculture, however, salt tolerance is a complex trait that is not easily bred into plants. Exposure of cultivated tomato to salt stress has been reported to result in increased antioxidant content and activity. Salt tolerance of the related wild species, Solanum pennellii, has also been associated with similar changes in antioxidants. In this work, S. lycopersicum M82, S. pennellii LA716 and a S. pennellii introgression line (IL) population were evaluated for growth and their levels of antioxidant activity (total water-soluble antioxidant activity), major antioxidant compounds (phenolic and flavonoid contents) and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase) under both control and salt stress (150 mM NaCl) conditions. These data were then used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for controlling the antioxidant parameters under both stress and nonstress conditions. 相似文献125.
Lee SK Potempa M Kolli M Özen A Schiffer CA Swanstrom R 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(16):13279-13290
Processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol polyproteins by the HIV-1 protease (PR) is essential for the production of infectious particles. However, the determinants governing the rates of processing of these substrates are not clearly understood. We studied the effect of substrate context on processing by utilizing a novel protease assay in which a substrate containing HIV-1 matrix (MA) and the N-terminal domain of capsid (CA) is labeled with a FlAsH (fluorescein arsenical hairpin) reagent. When the seven cleavage sites within the Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol polyproteins were placed at the MA/CA site, the rates of cleavage changed dramatically compared with that of the cognate sites in the natural context reported previously. The rate of processing was affected the most for three sites: CA/spacer peptide 1 (SP1) (≈10-fold increase), SP1/nucleocapsid (NC) (≈10-30-fold decrease), and SP2/p6 (≈30-fold decrease). One of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) PR variants altered the pattern of processing rates significantly. Cleavage sites within the Pro-Pol region were cleaved in a context-independent manner, suggesting for these sites that the sequence itself was the determinant of rate. In addition, a chimera consisting of SP1/NC P4-P1 and MA/CA P1'-P4' residues (ATIM↓PIVQ) abolished processing by wild type and MDR proteases, and the reciprocal chimera consisting of MA/CA P4-P1 and SP1/NC P1'-4' (SQNY↓IQKG) was cleaved only by one of the MDR proteases. These results suggest that complex substrate interactions both beyond the active site of the enzyme and across the scissile bond contribute to defining the rate of processing by the HIV-1 PR. 相似文献
126.
Background
Feed-borne spread of Salmonella spp. to pigs has been documented several times in recent years in Sweden. Experiences from the field suggest that feed-associated serotypes might be less transmittable and subsequently easier to eradicate from pig herds than other serotypes more commonly associated to pigs. Four Salmonella serotypes were selected for experimental studies in pigs in order to study transmissibility and compare possible differences between feed-assoociated (S Cubana and S Yoruba) and pig-associated serotypes (S Derby and S Typhimurium). 相似文献127.
Özen Özensoy Semra Isik Oktay Arslan Mikail Arslan Andrea Scozzafava Claudiu T. Supuran 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(4):383-387
The purification of red blood cell carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from ostrich (scCA) blood is reported, as well as an inhibition study of this enzyme with a series of aromatic and heterocylic sulfonamides. The ostrich enzyme showed a high activity, comparable to that of the human isozyme II, with kcat of 1.2·106 s? 1 and kcat/KM of 1.8·107 M? 1 s? 1, and an inhibition profile quite different from that of the human red blood cell cytosolic isozymes hCA I and II. scCA has generally a lower affinity for sulfonamide inhibitors as compared to hCA I and II. The only sulfonamide which behaved as a very potent inhibitor of this enzyme was ethoxzolamide (KI = 3.9 nM) whereas acetazolamide and sulfanilamide behaved as weaker inhibitors (inhibition constants in the range 303–570 nM). Several other aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, mostly derivatives of sulfanilamide, homosulfanilamide, 4-aminoethylbenzenesulfonamide or 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, showed good affinities for the ostrich enzyme, with KI values in the range 25–72 nM. 相似文献
128.
Meric Arda Esmekaya Nesrin Seyhan Handan Kayhan Mehmet Zahid Tuysuz Ayşe Canseven Kurşun Münci Yağcı 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》2013,67(3):1371-1378
In the present study we aimed to investigate the effects of 2.1 GHz Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) modulated Microwave (MW) Radiation on cell survival and apoptotic activity of human breast fibroblast cells. The cell cultures were exposed to W-CDMA modulated MW at 2.1 GHz at a SAR level of 0.607 W/kg for 4 and 24 h. The cell viability was assessed by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] method. The percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′- tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) was used to measure Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨ m). sFasL and Fas/APO-1 protein levels were determined by ELISA method. 2.1 GHz MW radiation was shown to be able to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human breast fibroblast cells. The cell viability of MW-exposed cells was decreased significantly. The percentages of Annexin V-FITC positive cells were higher in MW groups. ΔΨ m was decreased significantly due to MW radiation exposure. However, neither sFas nor FasL level was significantly changed in MW-exposed fibroblast cells. The results of this study showed that 2.1 GHz W-CDMA modulated MW radiation-induced apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway. 相似文献
129.
In this study, the morphological and anatomical features of endemic Lamium moschatum Miller var. rhodium (Gand.) R. Mill (Lamiaceae) are described in detail. Lamium moschatum var. rhodium has an annual taproot. The stem is erect and clearly quadrangular. The leaves are broadly ovate to cordate-ovate or nearly
suborbicular in shape. Inflorescense is verticillate cyme. The corolla is white and the tube is curved and bears an annulus
inside, near the base. Cross-sections of the root, stem, petiole, leaf, calyx, corolla and generative organs were examined
and the anatomical features of the taxon are discussed. Furthermore, glandular hairs distributed on the plant taxon are shown.
In karyological research, chromosome numbers were determined as 2n = 18. The results are presented with photographs and tables. 相似文献
130.
Korkmaz S Erturan I Nazıroğlu M Uğuz AC Ciğ B Övey IS 《The Journal of membrane biology》2011,244(3):113-120
Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and multisystemic condition with an uncertain pathogenesis. One of the major immunologic findings in BD pathogenesis is increase in activity of neutrophil. An increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ [Ca2+]i concentration that induces Ca2+ signaling is an important step that participates in the neutrophil activation and reactive oxygen species production that leads to tissue damage in body cells. We aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine on oxidative stress and Ca2+ release in serum and neutrophil of BD patients with active and inactive periods. Twelve Behçet patients (6 active and 6 inactive) and 6 control subject were included in the study. Disease activity was considered by clinical findings. Serum and neutrophil samples were obtained from the patients and control subjects. Neutrophils from patients with active BD were divided into three subgroups and were incubated with colchicine, verapamil + diltiazem, and colchicine + verapamil + diltiazem, respectively. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leucocytes counts, serum C-reactive protein, neutrophil, and serum lipid peroxidation and intracellular Ca2+ release levels were higher in active and inactive groups than in the control group, although their levels were lower in active group than in inactive group. However, neutrophil Ca2+ release levels were decreased in colchicine, verapamil + diltiazem, and colchicine + verapamil + diltiazem groups group compared to active group. Serum glutathione, vitamin A, vitamin E, and β-carotene concentrations were lower in active and inactive groups than in the control group, although serum vitamin E and β-carotene concentrations were higher in the inactive group than in the active group. Neutrophil and serum glutathione peroxidase activity within the three groups did not change. In conclusion, we observed the importance of Ca2+ influx into the neutrophils and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and activation of the patients with BD. Colchicine induced protective effects on oxidative stress by modulating Ca2+ influx in BD patients. 相似文献