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121.
Masahiko Muraji Sadao Wakamura Hiroe Yasui Norio Arakaki Yasutsune Sadoyama Suguru Ohno Kunihiko Matsuhira 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2011,46(3):363-373
Genetic variation of the white-spotted longicorn beetle Anoplophora spp., distributed on the Japanese mainland and the Ryukyu Islands, was examined using nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial
DNA. Two fragments, a 1.2-kb-long fragment containing portions of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II genes and a 1.4-kb-long
fragment containing portions of 16S and 12S rDNAs, were sequenced. In phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences, 294 individuals
collected at 75 localities were divided into two major groups (groups A and B) and then split into seven subgroups (A1–A4
and B1–B3). In group A, the closely related subgroups A1, A2, and A3 were mainly distributed on the Japanese mainland and
were roughly separated among geographic areas, although the range of A3 spread significantly from Kyushu to the Central Ryukyu
Islands. The sequence of A4, detected from one individual collected in eastern Honshu, was almost the same as that reported
for A. chinensis (Forster) on the Chinese continent. In group B, subgroups B1 and B2 were restricted to the Central and Southern Ryukyu Islands,
respectively, while B3 was distributed widely in both regions. Based on the results, we discuss the geographic origin of the
haplotypes and movement of the insects between geographic areas. 相似文献
122.
Yasuhiro Hokama Norio Arakaki Atsushi Nagayama Aya Kobayashi Tsunaki Ando Shigeo Tanizaki Hiroe Yasui Toshiharu Akino Sadao Wakamura 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2011,46(4):471-476
To investigate the seasonal prevalence of Dasylepida ishigakiensis Niijima et Kinoshita (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), synthetic sex pheromone traps were placed on Ishigaki Island in 2008 and
2009. One population is known to occur in the forest and fly for mating from early March to early April. The trap data revealed
a second population in the farmland that flew for mating much earlier (mid-January to late February) than did the other population,
indicating the presence of allochronic populations. Adults of the farmland population were caught throughout the sugarcane-grown
area on the island, whereas those of the forest population appeared to be limited to the forest area. The temporal pattern
of trap catches of each population was generally the same between 2008 and 2009. Relatively large trap catches were observed
in the west central plane area and a small northern area of the northeastern peninsula of the island. These results suggest
that, although it has not caused any damage to agricultural crops on this island, this beetle might be a potentially serious
pest of sugarcane crops in the future, as reported on another island of Okinawa. 相似文献
123.
Egg parasitoids Telenomus euproctidis Wilcox (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) were attracted to egg masses laid by wingless immobile female Orgyia postica (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Virgin females, a solvent extract of pheromone glands, and a synthetic sex pheromone, (6Z,9Z,11S,12S)-11,12-epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene (posticlure), also attracted this parasitoid in the field, demonstrating that T. euproctidis uses the sex pheromone of female Org. postica as a kairomone to locate host eggs. 相似文献
124.
Mar��a Alejandra Mussi Adriana S. Limansky Ver��nica Relling Pablo Ravasi Adri��n Arakaki Luis A. Actis Alejandro M. Viale 《Journal of bacteriology》2011,193(18):4736-4748
We described previously the presence in Acinetobacter baumannii of a novel outer membrane (OM) protein, CarO, which functions as an l-ornithine OM channel and whose loss was concomitant with increased carbapenem resistance among clonally related nosocomial isolates of this opportunistic pathogen. Here, we describe the existence of extensive genetic diversity at the carO gene within the A. baumannii clinical population. The systematic analysis of carO sequences from A. baumannii isolates obtained from public hospitals in Argentina revealed the existence of four highly polymorphic carO variants among them. Sequence polymorphism between the different A. baumannii CarO variants was concentrated in three well-defined protein regions that superimposed mostly to predicted surface-exposed loops. Polymorphism among A. baumannii CarO variants was manifested in differential electrophoretic mobilities, antigenic properties, abilities to form stable oligomeric structures, and l-ornithine influx abilities through the A. baumannii OM under in vivo conditions. Incongruence between the phylogenies of the clinical A. baumannii isolates analyzed and those of the carO variants they harbor suggests the existence of assortative (entire-gene) carO recombinational exchange within the A. baumannii population. Exchange of carO variants possessing differential characteristics mediated by horizontal gene transfer may constitute an A. baumannii population strategy to survive radically changing environmental conditions, such as the leap from inanimate sources to human hosts and vice versa, persistence in a compromised host, and/or survival in health care facilities. 相似文献
125.
126.
Rieko Arakaki Hiroshi Eguchi Akiko Yamada Yasusei Kudo Akihiko Iwasa Tserennadmid Enkhmaa Fumika Hotta Sayaka Mitamura-Aizawa Yoshinori Mitamura Yoshio Hayashi Naozumi Ishimaru 《PloS one》2014,9(5)
Background
Topical therapy is effective for dry eye, and its prolonged effects should help in maintaining the quality of life of patients with dry eye. We previously reported that the oral administration of rebamipide (Reb), a mucosal protective agent, had a potent therapeutic effect on autoimmune lesions in a murine model of Sjögren''s syndrome (SS). However, the effects of topical treatment with Reb eyedrops on the ocular lesions in the murine model of SS are unknown.Methods and Finding
Reb eyedrops were administered to the murine model of SS aged 4–8 weeks four times daily. Inflammatory lesions of the extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands and Harderian gland tissues were histologically evaluated. The direct effects of Reb on the lacrimal glands were analyzed using cultured lacrimal gland cells. Tear secretions of Reb-treated mice were significantly increased compared with those of untreated mice. In addition to the therapeutic effect of Reb treatment on keratoconjunctivitis, severe inflammatory lesions of intraorbital lacrimal gland tissues in this model of SS were resolved. The mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and mucin 5Ac in conjunctival tissues from Reb-treated mice was significantly increased compared with those of control mice. Moreover, lactoferrin production from lacrimal gland cells was restored by Reb treatment.Conclusion
Topical Reb administration had an anti-inflammatory effect on the ocular autoimmune lesions in the murine model of SS and a protective effect on the ocular surfaces. 相似文献127.
TUBA BUCAK ECE SARAOĞLU ETİ E. LEVİ Ü. NİHAN TAVŞANOĞLU A. İdİl ÇAKİROĞLU ERIK JEPPESEN MERYEM BEKLİOĞLU 《Freshwater Biology》2012,57(8):1631-1642
1. Water‐level fluctuations are typical of lakes located in the semi‐arid Mediterranean region, which is characterised by warm rainy winters and hot dry summers. Ongoing climate change may exacerbate fluctuations and lead to more severe episodes of drought, so information on the effects of water level on the functioning of lake ecosystems in such regions is crucial. 2. In eutrophic Lake Eymir, Turkey, we conducted a 4‐month (summer) field experiment using cylindrical 0.8‐m‐ (low‐water‐level) and 1.6‐m‐deep (high‐water‐level) mesocosms (kept open to the sediment and atmosphere). Fish (tench, Tinca tinca, and bleak, Alburnus escherichii) were added to half of the mesocosms, while the rest were kept fishless. Ten shoots of Potamogeton pectinatus were transplanted to each mesocosm. 3. Sampling for physicochemical variables, chlorophyll a (chl‐a), zooplankton and per cent plant volume inhabited (PVI%) by macrophytes was conducted weekly during the first 5 weeks, and subsequently biweekly. Macrophytes were harvested on the last sampling date. During the course of the experiment, the water level decreased by 0.41 ± 0.06 m. 4. Throughout the experiment, fish affected zooplankton abundance (?), nutrient concentrations (+), chl‐a (+) and water clarity (?) most strongly in the low‐water‐level mesocosms and the zooplankton community shifted towards dominance of small‐sized forms. The fishless mesocosms had a higher zooplankton/phytoplankton ratio, suggesting higher grazing. 5. Greatest macrophyte growth was observed in the low‐water‐level fishless mesocosms. However, despite high nutrient concentrations and low water clarity, macrophytes were also abundant in the fish mesocosms and particularly increased following a water‐level decrease from midsummer onwards. Macrophyte growth was poor in the high‐water‐level mesocosms, even in the fishless ones with high water clarity. This was ascribed to extensive periphyton development reducing light availability for the macrophytes. 6. Our results indicate that a reduction in water level during summer may help maintain the growth of macrophytes in Mediterranean eutrophic shallow lakes, despite a strong negative effect of fish predation on water clarity. It is therefore probable that an expected negative effect of global climate change on water clarity because of eutrophication and enhanced top‐down control of fish may be, at least partly, counteracted by reduced water level, provided that physical disturbance is not severe. 相似文献
128.
A high yield of nifedipine-chitosan microspheres could be obtained using an emulsification phase-separation method. A high level of entrapment of nifedipine in the microspheres was achieved. The microspheres exhibited excellent swelling properties. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that at 1.84% loading, nifedipine was dispersed molecularly. The microspheres exhibited faster release at low loadings compared to high loadings. Fitting the data to the coupled Fickian/case II equation, showed that at low loadings polymer relaxation coefficients (k2) were high. As the polymer content increased in the microspheres, the value of n (diffusional exponent characteristic of the release mechanism) approached one, which is indicative of zero order. 相似文献
129.
Background
Many anticancer agents have poor water solubility and therefore the development of novel delivery systems for such molecules has received significant attention. Nanocarriers show great potential in delivering therapeutic agents into the targeted organs or cells and have recently emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatments. The aim of this study was to prepare and use poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) nanoparticles for the controlled release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. 相似文献130.
Norio Arakaki 《Journal of Ethology》1992,10(1):7-13
A laboratory study was made of the feeding behaviour of the ladybeetlePseudoscymnus kurohime (Miyatake) when attacking the sugar cane woolly aphidCeratovacuna lanigera Zehntner. The 1st-instar ladybeetle larva was smaller than the 1st instar aphid nymph. All larval stages of the ladybeetle
sucked out the body fluids of aphids and left their emptied corpses. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar ladybeetle larvae mostly
attacked 1st instar aphids, whereas the 4th-instar ladybeetle larvae attacked all stages of aphids. Ladybeetle adults ate
mostly 1st-instar aphids. Young larvae attacked aphids in several different ways: (1) They crawled under an aphid, seized
it by its underside and lifted it up. (2) They attacked new born nymphs at birth or shortly afterwards. (3) They fed on an
aphid that had been captured by an older larva. The larvae preferred to seize with their mandibles the head or thorax of an
aphid, while adults seized their prey by the abdomen. When attacked by an adult, 82% of the aphids secreted droplets from
their abdominal cornicles, whereas only 7.2–12% secreted droplets when attacked by larvae. The 4th instar larvae more voracious
than the younger larvae. 相似文献