白音华矿区土壤重金属含量的空间异质性

为探讨开矿对白音华矿区土壤重金属空间分布的影响,本研究以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗白音华煤矿区周边土壤为对象,分析了距离矿区8 km内的重金属Cu、Cr、Pb和Mn含量的空间异质性.结果表明:土壤重金属Cu、Cr、Pb和Mn的平均含量分别为12.7、32.6、29.9和201.3 mg ? kg-1,其变异系数分别为26.8％...     

Combined Review: Experiencing the New Genetics: Family and Kinship on the Medical Frontier and Born and Bred: Idioms and New Reproductive Technologies in England

Experiencing the New Genetics: Family and Kinship on the Medical Frontier. Kaja Finkler. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. 296 pp.
Born and Bred: Idioms and New Reproductive Technologies in England. Jeanette Edwards. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 264 pp.     

不同密度樟子松人工林土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

以科尔沁沙地不同密度(490、750、1550、1930、2560株·hm-2)樟子松人工林(栽植于1980年)为研究对象,分析林分密度对土壤碳、氮、磷浓度及其计量比的影响,研究林分密度与土壤养分状况的关系。结果表明:随着樟子松林密度增加,各土层(0～10、10～20和20～40 cm)土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷浓度和C∶N呈先增加后降低趋势,而土壤有效磷浓度呈先降低后增加趋势。土壤有机碳浓度在490株·hm-2密度小于其他密度,而有效磷浓度大于其他密度;土壤C∶P和N∶P在2560株·hm-2密度显著大于其他密度。各密度樟子松林土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和有效磷浓度在0～10 cm土层显著大于10～20和20～40cm土层,樟子松人工林土壤养分具有表聚性。通过典范对应分析发现,密度对樟子松林土壤养分影响的主要因子是土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷,且密度为1550株·hm-2时土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和碱解氮浓度较高,而C∶P和N∶P较低。因此,当樟子松人工林密度为1550株·hm-2时,土壤养分浓度较高,林木生长较好,为最佳经营密度。     

大鼠子宫内膜异位模型的建立与组织学观察

目的为开发诊治子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)的新药研究提供理想的动物模型。方法取雌性未交配性成熟大鼠,术前雌激素诱导,麻醉开腹取部份右侧子宫,将内膜种植于左腹壁内,术后16周取出包块,进行组织形态学、组织化学观察。结果异位内膜在腹壁内生长,呈隆起囊状小包块,内有黏液,具有正常子宫内膜基本组织结构,囊腔较大。异位内膜中有糖原、RNA的存在。结论该手术方法建立的子宫异位内膜生长良好,术后一周就可摸及包块大小,为开发研究子宫内膜异位症的新药提供了方便。     

垂体瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)的表达变化对人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP生长增殖的影响

垂体肿瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)具有促进肿瘤生长和转移的作用.通过上调或下调基因表达的策略,观察PTTG1基因对人前列腺癌细胞株LNCaP细胞生长增殖的影响.利用PCR技术分离出PTTG1全长cDNA,分别正向和反向插入真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP,重组载体分别命名为正义PTTG1-S/pIRES2-EGFP(即pI-P-S)和反义PTTG1-AS/pIRES2-EGFP(即pI-P-AS),将这两种重组载体稳定转染LNCaP细胞,通过流式细胞仪和MTT法分别检测了细胞周期和细胞增殖的情况.转染正义PTTG1后处于S期和G2期的细胞明显增加,细胞生长增殖能力增强;相反,转染反义PTTG1后处于S期和G2期细胞明显减少,细胞生长增殖能力减弱(P<0.05).结果表明,PTTG1能明显改变人前列腺癌细胞株LNCaP的细胞周期和细胞生长增殖能力,它的异常表达可能参与前列腺癌细胞生长增殖过程.     

First Record of Rosellinia desmazieresii on Scots Pine and its Association with Disease in Poland

Rosellinia desmazieresii was found for the first time on a tree of Scots pine. It occurred on a dying tree in a mixed Scots pine-oak plantation in Poland. The fungus girdled the base of the trunk, where perithecia were produced abundantly. The fungus was evidently the cause of the tree's poor growth and ultimate death.     

Association of common variation in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">PPARA</Emphasis>gene with incident myocardial infarction in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A Go-DARTS study

Background

Common variants of the PPARA gene have been found to associate with ischaemic heart disease in non diabetic men. The L162V variant was found to be protective while the C2528G variant increased risk. L162V has also been associated with altered lipid measures. We therefore sought to determine the effect of PPARA gene variation on susceptibility to myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes. 1810 subjects with type 2 diabetes from the prospective Go-DARTS study were genotyped for the L162V and C2528G variants in the PPARA gene and the association of the variants with incident non-fatal myocardial infarction was examined. Cox's proportional hazards was used to interrogate time to event from recruitment, and linear regression for analysing association of genotype with quantitative clinical traits.

Results

The V162 allele was associated with decreased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction (HR = 0.31, 95%CI 0.10–0.93 p = 0.037) whereas the C2528 allele was associated with increased risk (HR = 2.77 95%CI 1.34–5.75 p = 0.006). Similarly V162 was associated with a later mean age of diagnosis with type 2 diabetes and C2582 an earlier age of diagnosis. C2528 was also associated with increased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, which did not account for the observed increased risk. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that when both rare variants occurred on the same haplotype the effect of each was abrogated.

Conclusion

Genetic variation at the PPARA locus is important in determining cardiovascular risk in both male and female patients with diabetes. This genotype associated risk appears to be independent of the effect of these genotypes on lipid profiles and age of diagnosis with diabetes.

     

Evolutionary process of a tetranucleotide microsatellite locus in Acipenseriformes

The evolutionary dynamics of the tetra-nucleotide microsatellite locus Spl-106 were investigated at the repeat and flanking sequences in 137 individuals of 15 Acipenseriform species, giving 93 homologous sequences, which were detected in 11 out of 15 species. Twenty-three haplotypes of flanking sequences and three distinct types of repeats, type I, type II and type III, were found within these 93 sequences. The MS-Align phylogenetic method, newly applied to microsatellite sequences, permitted us to understand the repeat and flanking sequence evolution of Spl-106 locus. The flanking region of locus Spl-106 was highly conserved among the species of genera Acipenser, Huso and Scaphirhynchus, which diverged about 150 million years ago (Mya). The rate of flanking sequence divergence at the microsatellite locus Spl-106 in sturgeons is between 0.011% and 0.079% with an average at 0.028% per million years. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic trees produced by MS-Align showed that both the flanking and repeat regions can cluster the alleles of different species into Pacific and Atlantic lineages. Our results show a synchronous evolutionary pattern between the flanking and repeat regions. Moreover, the coexistence of different repeat types in the same species, even in the same individual, is probably due to two duplication events encompassing the locus Spl-106 that occurred during the divergence of Pacific lineage. The first occured before the diversification of Pacific species (121–96 Mya) and led to repeat types I and II. The second occurred more recently, just before the speciation of A. sinensis and A. dabryanus (69–10 Mya), and led to repeat type III. Sequences in the same species with different repeat types probably corresponds to paralogous loci. This study sheds a new light on the evolutionary mechanisms that shape the complex microsatellite loci involving different repeat types.     

The JAK–STAT Pathway Is Critical in Ventilator-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the lynchpins of modern intensive-care medicine and is life saving in many critically ill patients. Continuous ventilator support, however, results in ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) that likely prolongs patients’ need for MV and thereby leads to major associated complications and avoidable intensive care unit (ICU) deaths. Oxidative stress is a key pathogenic event in the development of VIDD, but its regulation remains largely undefined. We report here that the JAK–STAT pathway is activated in MV in the human diaphragm, as evidenced by significantly increased phosphorylation of JAK and STAT. Blockage of the JAK–STAT pathway by a JAK inhibitor in a rat MV model prevents diaphragm muscle contractile dysfunction (by ~85%, p < 0.01). We further demonstrate that activated STAT3 compromises mitochondrial function and induces oxidative stress in vivo, and, interestingly, that oxidative stress also activates JAK–STAT. Inhibition of JAK–STAT prevents oxidative stress-induced protein oxidation and polyubiquitination and recovers mitochondrial function in cultured muscle cells. Therefore, in ventilated diaphragm muscle, activation of JAK–STAT is critical in regulating oxidative stress and is thereby central to the downstream pathogenesis of clinical VIDD. These findings establish the molecular basis for the therapeutic promise of JAK–STAT inhibitors in ventilated ICU patients.     

黄土高原不同植被覆盖对流域水文的影响

以山西省吉县蔡家川流域为对象,研究了植被覆盖类型对流域水文的影响.结果表明:不同植被覆盖的流域年径流系数分别为:林地流域1.6%～2.3%,以农、牧为主的流域3.1%～3.9%;各流域基流系数差异显著,人工林流域为零,次生林为主的流域1.0%～1.5%,以农、牧为主的流域2.5%～2.8%;在雨季人工林流域的径流总量是次生林流域的3.37倍、农地流域的1.9倍,而农地流域的基流量是次生林流域的2.2倍;短历时高强度降雨条件下,人工林流域、次生林流域地表径流量分别是农地流域的10.8倍和2.2倍;在历时较长的暴雨条件下,人工林流域单位面积上的洪峰流量是农地流域的3.4倍,次生林流域的6.9倍;在长历时、大雨量条件下,农地流域的径流量是次生林流域的1.8倍.水平梯田的水源涵养功能与次生林植被相当,次生林植被的水源涵养功能远好于人工植被,在水资源短缺的黄土高原应提倡植被的自然恢复.