全文获取类型
收费全文 | 312篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有329条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
311.
Kolocouris A Spearpoint P Martin SR Hay AJ López-Querol M Sureda FX Padalko E Neyts J De Clercq E 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2008,18(23):6156-6160
The new 2-alkyl-2-aminoadamantanes and analogues 4-10 were designed and synthesized by simplification of the structure of the potent anti-influenza virus A spiranic aminoadamantane heterocycles 2 and 3. The aim of the present work was to examine the effects of bulky and extended lipophilic moieties attached to amantadine 1 on binding to the M2 channel and the resulting antiviral potency. The binding affinities of the compounds to the M2 protein of influenza virus A/chicken/Germany/27 (Weybridge strain; H7N7) were measured for the first time using an assay based on quenching of Trp-41 fluorescence by His-37 protonation, and their antiviral potencies were evaluated against the replication of influenza virus A H2N2 and H3N2 subtypes and influenza virus B in MDCK cells. Of the various 2-alkyl-2-aminoadamantanes, and analogues, spiro[piperidine-2,2'-adamantane] 3 had the strongest M2 binding and antiviral potency, which were similar those of amantadine 1. The relative binding affinities suggested that the rigid carbon framework provided by the pyrrolidine or piperidine rings results in a more favorable orientation inside the M2 channel pore as compared to large, freely rotating alkyl groups. The aminoadamantane derivatives exhibited similar NMDA antagonistic activity to amantadine 1. A striking finding was the antiviral activity of the adamantanols 4, and 6, which lack any NMDA antagonist activity. 相似文献
312.
313.
Mechanical stimulation of the plantar foot surface attenuates soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading in rats. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonios Kyparos Daniel L Feeback Charles S Layne Daniel A Martinez Mark S F Clarke 《Journal of applied physiology》2005,99(2):739-746
Unloading-induced muscle atrophy occurs in the aging population, bed-ridden patients, and astronauts. This study was designed to determine whether dynamic foot stimulation (DFS) applied to the plantar surface of the rat foot can serve as a countermeasure to soleus muscle atrophy normally observed in hindlimb unloaded (HU) rats. Forty-four mature (6 mo old), male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to ambulatory control, HU alone, HU with active DFS (i.e., plantar contact with active inflation), HU with passive DFS (i.e., plantar contact without active inflation), and HU while wearing a DFS boot with no plantar contact groups. Application of active DFS during HU significantly counteracted the atrophic response by preventing approximately 85% of the reduction in type I myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in the soleus while preventing approximately 57% of the reduction in type I myofiber CSA and 43% of the reduction in type IIA myofiber CSA of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Wearing of a DFS boot without active inflation prevented myofiber atrophy in the soleus of HU animals in a fashion similar to that observed in HU animals that wore an actively inflated DFS boot. However, when a DFS boot without plantar surface contact was worn during HU, no significant protection from HU-induced myofiber atrophy was observed. These results illustrate that the application of mechanical foot stimulation to the plantar surface of the rat foot is an effective countermeasure to muscle atrophy induced by HU. 相似文献
314.
Daniel S. Moran Kent B. Pandolf Antonios Vitalis Yuval Heled Richard Parker Richard R. Gonzalez 《Journal of thermal biology》2004,29(7-8):529-533
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in environmental assessment. Analysis of two meteorological databases, from Israel and New Zealand, used in this study revealed that the UV radiation component in the environmental stress assessment was not significant. However, because of the health hazards, an independent UV index should be implemented and used for preventing acute and chronic injuries. A prediction of UV radiation from solar radiation measurement would be a great benefit for such an index. 相似文献
315.
316.
Panagiota Koskinioti Antonios A. Augustinos Danilo O. Carvalho Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq Gulizar Pillwax Lucia Duran de la Fuente Gustavo Salvador-Herranz Rafael Argils Herrero Kostas Bourtzis 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2021,376(1818)
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Vector population control methods are reviving to impede disease transmission. An efficient sex separation for male-only releases is crucial for area-wide mosquito population suppression strategies. Here, we report on the construction of two genetic sexing strains using red- and white-eye colour mutations as selectable markers. Quality control analysis showed that the Red-eye genetic sexing strains (GSS) is better and more genetically stable than the White-eye GSS. The introduction of an irradiation-induced inversion (Inv35) increases genetic stability and reduces the probability of female contamination of the male release batches. Bi-weekly releases of irradiated males of both the Red-eye GSS and the Red-eye GSS/Inv35 fully suppressed target laboratory cage populations within six and nine weeks, respectively. An image analysis algorithm allowing sex determination based on eye colour identification at the pupal stage was developed. The next step is to automate the Red-eye-based genetic sexing and validate it in pilot trials prior to its integration in large-scale population suppression programmes.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases’. 相似文献
317.
318.
Karin Mitter Georgios Kotoulas Antonios Magoulas Victor Mulero Pilar Sepulcre Antonio Figueras Beatrice Novoa Elena Sarropoulou 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2009,153(4):340-347
The expression level of mRNA can vary significantly in different experimental conditions, such as stress, infection, developmental stage or tissue. Suitable reference genes are expected to exhibit constant expression levels. However no single gene is constitutively expressed in all cell types and under all experimental conditions. It has become clear that expression stability of the intended reference gene has to be examined before each experiment. For expression studies using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) at least two reference genes have to be applied. So far expression studies in the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as well as in the Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) have been performed with only one reference gene (S18, Ef-1 alpha or Gapdh). Though significant variations showed up in other teleost species such as the Atlantic halibut and the zebrafish affirming the need for proper normalization strategies, the present study aims at identifying suitable reference genes among nine candidates [glyceraldehyde-phosphate-dehydrogenase (Gapdh), β-actin (two regions of β-actin), 40S ribosomal protein S30 (Fau), ribosomal protein L13 a (L13a), β2-tubulin (Tubb2) and tyrosine 3 monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (Tyr)] for expression analysis of 8 developmental stages and a tissue panel (spleen, liver, kidney and brain) with samples infected with Nodavirus and Vibrio anguillarum in D. labrax. Besides the analysis of raw Ct-values, the gene expression stability was determined using two different software applications BestKeeper and NormFinder. According to both algorithms the best two reference genes for an appropriate normalization approach during D. labrax development are Ef-1 alpha and L13a whereas in the tissue panel Fau and L13a are recommended for qPCR normalization. 相似文献
319.
Marianthi-Vasiliki Papoutsaki Thomas G. Maris Evangelos Pappas Antonios E. Papadakis John Damilakis 《Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)》2013,29(5):453-460
The aim of this study is to dosimetrically characterize a new MRI based polymer gel system and to evaluate its usefulness in clinical practice just in terms of beam profile measurements.Normoxic N-vinylpyrrolidone based polymer gel (VIPET) phantoms were produced and used in order to perform three main sets of experiments: a) dose–response evaluation and reproducibility experiments, b) experiments for the evaluation of sensitivity of dose characteristics on ‘gel manufacture – irradiation’ time interval and c) experiments for the evaluation of sensitivity of dose characteristics on ‘irradiation – MRscanning’ time interval. It has been shown that this gel system can be used in a wide dose-range of 0–60 Gy. It exhibits a linear dose–response in the dose-range of 2–35 Gy. Following the proposed manufacturing method the dose–response characteristics are reproducible. Moreover, it seems that the optimum ‘gel manufacturing – irradiation’ time interval is 1 day. However, a ‘gel manufacturing – irradiation’ time interval up to ~1 week can be safely used. The optimum ‘irradiation – MRscanning’ time interval in terms of dose–response sensitivity and dose resolution can be reliably ranged from 1 day to 3 weeks. Finally, X-ray beam profile gel-measurements were performed and found to be in satisfying agreement with corresponding small sensitive volume ion chamber measurements. VIPET gel dosimeters preserved the spatial integrity of the dose distribution during a time period of 50 days post-irradiation. The studied gel system can be safely used in clinical practice within the practical limitations found and described in this work. 相似文献
320.
Sebastian Wurster Oscar E. Ruiz Krystin M. Samms Alexander M. Tatara Nathaniel D. Albert Philip H. Kahan Anh Trinh Nguyen Antonios G. Mikos Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis George T. Eisenhoffer 《Cell reports》2021,34(12):108896
- Download : Download high-res image (188KB)
- Download : Download full-size image