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131.
The role of physical cues in the regulation of host recognition and acceptance behavior ofAphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Donatella Battaglia Francesco Pennacchio Antonio Romano Antonio Tranfaglia 《Journal of Insect Behavior》1995,8(6):739-750
The role of color and shape in the host recognition and acceptance behavior ofAphidius ervi Haliday was studied. A quantitative analysis of the oviposition behavior ofA. ervi was carried out with a computer-aided analysis of 150 video-recorded oviposition sequences on its natural host,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). The importance of visual stimuli was assessed in a choice condition bioassay, observing the behavioral reaction of female parasitoids to various test materials flame-sealed into glass capillaries. Glass beads 2 and 6 mm in diameter and a flat arena were coated with cornicle secretion ofA. pisum, and their acceptance rates by both naive and experienced female parasitoids were assessed under no-choice conditions. In most cases,A. ervi females switched from random searching to attack position when the host was within a range of 1 cm, suggesting that host recognition is regulated in part by cues acting before physical contact. The glass capillary bioassay indicated that visual cues are important factors in the host recognition and acceptance phases. Pea aphid color alone can elicit the oviposition response of naiveA. ervi females, and this response is enhanced when color is combined with aphid shape. The cornicle secretion ofA. pisum stimulated an oviposition response which was stronger in naive females ofA. ervi than in experienced ones and was not significantly affected by the glass bead size or flat surface. These results, along with those from previous studies, suggest that manipulation of the oviposition behavior ofA. ervi is feasible under laboratory conditions. 相似文献
132.
The role of diet in personal health maintenance is important whether a person is trying to stay healthy or to treat diet-related diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or obesity. Dietary recommendations include limiting fat to 30% and protein to 20% of total calories, with the remaining 50% coming from carbohydrate. Maintaining dietary changes for long periods is very difficult for many persons. Specific self-management skills may ease the task. 相似文献
133.
Antonio P. Linares Stuart H. Cohen Elliot Goldstein Alan D. K. Kelley Toby K. Eisenstein 《The Western journal of medicine》1984,141(2):203-205
Salmonella thompson, a common pathogen of poultry, has received scant attention as a cause of human gastroenteritis. At least 45 persons were infected with S thompson in Sacramento, California, after eating at a chicken restaurant and 38 became symptomatic. Ten required admission to hospital, and all were treated with antibiotics and improved. In 19 cases cultures of stool specimens for S thompson over a 60-day period showed slower but statistically insignificant differences in salmonellal elimination in 7 patients who received antibiotics when compared with 12 who were untreated. We report this outbreak to increase awareness of the virulence and prevalence of gastroenteritis due to S thompson. 相似文献
134.
Fatichenti Fabrizio Farris Giovanni Antonio Deiana Pietrino Ceccarelli Salvatore 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1984,19(6):427-429
Summary Fermentation tests in clearly defined laboratory conditions were carried out with eight functionally selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of the data showed that there were no significant differences in malic acid production between the strains when the acid was initially present. When it was initially absent, however, significant differences were observed two strains (Nos. 1141 and 1083) showing marked productive superiority. With malic acid as the sole C source, two strains (Nos. 1109 and 1141) showed less acid consumption. 相似文献
135.
Purification and molecular properties of ferredoxin-glutamate synthase from Chlamydomonas reinhardii
Ferredoxin-glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardii has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, with a specific activity of 10.4 units mg-1 protein, by a method which included chromatography on diethylaminoethyl sephacel and hydroxylapatite, and ferredoxin-sepharose affinity treatment. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain of M
r
146000 dalton which shows an absorption spectrum with maxima at 278, 377 and 437 nm, and an A276/A437 absorptivity ratio of 7.0. The anaerobic addition of dithionite results in the loss of the absorption peak at 437 nm, which is restored upon reoxidation of the enzyme with an excess of 2-oxoglutarate, alone or in the presence of glutamine. This indicates the presence in the enzyme of a flavin prosthetic group, which is functional during the catalysis. The ferredoxin-glutamate synthase can be assayed with methyl viologen, chemically reduced with dithionite, but it is unable to use reduced pyridine nucleotide. Azaserine, 6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine, bromocresol green and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate are potent inhibitors of this activity, which, on the other hand, is stable upon heating at 45°C for 10 min.Abbreviations DEAE-sephacel
diethylaminoethyl sephacel
- Fd
ferredoxin
- GOGAT
glutaniate synthase (glutamine: -ketoglutarate aminotransferase)
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
136.
Gonzalo Bonelo Manuel Megías Dr. Antonio Ventosa Joaquín J. Nieto Francisco Ruiz-Berraquero 《Current microbiology》1984,11(3):165-169
Compared withEscherichia coli, Halobacterium mediterranei was highly resistant to the lethal effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (nitrosoguanidine), but it was sensitive to the mutagenic action of this chemical agent. Nitrosoguanidine at 500 g ml–1 gave a cell survival level between 1% and 10%, and this allowed us to obtain more Josamycin-resistant mutants compared with lower concentrations, which gave higher survival rates but fewer mutants. The efficiency of the mutagenicity obtained with the nitrosoguanidine treatment was examined under a variety of conditions. The optimal conditions for obtaining Josamycinresistant mutants were achieved by exposing, in darkness and without shaking, a suspension of about 108 log-phase cells to 500 g nitrosoguanidine in 1 ml of 50 mM modified saline Tris-maleate buffer at pH 7.5, or in 1 ml of 5 mM modified saline Tris-citrate-maleate for 30 min at 37°C. 相似文献
137.
The energy-transducing ATPase and a low-molecular-weight fraction ofMicrococcus lysodeikticus membranes incorporated14C label fromd-[U-14C]glucose fed to the bacteria in synthetic medium. The specific radioactivity of the sugar portion of the ATPase and low-molecular-weight
fraction was, respectively, 2.65 and 2.88 times that of their amino acids. Glucose and mannose in approximately equimolar
amounts were identified as the main sugars of the glycoprotein ATPase, thus confirming previous structural studies. Glucose,
galactose, and mannose (1:1:2) were identified as the main sugars of the low-molecular-weight glycopeptides. These results
confirm and extend the notion that glycoprotein are constituents of prokaryotic membranes. 相似文献
138.
139.
Alessandro Ballio Renato Capasso Antonio Evidente Giuliano Grandolini Giacomino randazzo 《Phytochemistry》1982,21(7):1810-1811
The stereostructure of cotylenol, the aglycone of the cotylenins, has been confirmed by chemical correlation with the aglycone of fusicoccin A. 相似文献
140.
Supernumerary chromosomes of two types have been observed in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans subsp. plorans. One of these (the B-type) is similar in size to an S autosome; the other is smaller (B-type). Both are telocentric and mitotically stable. The frequencies of individuals with the B-type supernumeraries in five natural populations were 56, 56, 70, 71 and 30 per cent respectively. The equivalent levels of the B-type supernumerary were 0, 0, 13, 3 and 0 per cent respectively. Because of the relative infrequency of the B-type only the B-type has been studied in detail. In males with 1B, anaphase I segregation of X and B was random in four populations but non-random in that from Otivar. Here the B was distinctive in having a secondary constriction near the centromere. A study of chiasma frequency among A-chromosomes revealed that the B-type supernumerary increases significantly both the mean chiasma frequency and the between-cell variance. A comparison of body morphometrics failed to reveal any effect of these B-chromosomes on the exophenotype. 相似文献