Loss of Pla2r1 decreases cellular senescence and age-related alterations caused by aging and Western diets

Cellular senescence is induced by many stresses including telomere shortening, DNA damage, oxidative, or metabolic stresses. Senescent cells are stably cell cycle arrested and they secrete many factors including cytokines and chemokines. Accumulation of senescent cells promotes many age-related alterations and diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of the pro-senescent phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) in regulating some age-related alterations in old mice and in mice subjected to a Western diet, whereas aged wild-type mice displayed a decreased ability to regulate their glycemia during glucose and insulin tolerance tests, aged Pla2r1 knockout (KO) mice efficiently regulated their glycemia and displayed fewer signs of aging. Loss of Pla2r1 was also found protective against the deleterious effects of a Western diet. Moreover, these Pla2r1 KO mice were partially protected from diet-induced senescent cell accumulation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Together these results support that Pla2r1 drives several age-related alterations, especially in the liver, arising during aging or through a Western diet.     

Determination of phytoplankton production by the radiocarbon method: a comparison between the acidification and bubbling method (ABM) and the filtration techn1que

On the occasion of the workshop of the group on aquatic primaryproductivity (GAP) held in Konstanz (1982), ¹⁴C-uptake rateswere determined by two widely used, well-established procedures.In order to avoid any variation in the results caused by manipulationof the samples, subsamples for both determinations were withdrawnfrom the same bottles. The acid-bubbling method (ABM) yieldedresults which exceeded those of the filtration method by about30%. Excretion of ¹⁴C labelled dissolved organic matter wasnegligibly small and therefore cannot account for the observeddifferences. Based on available information also other possibleexplanations discussed can Likely be dismissed. Hence additionaleffort is needed to identify and eliminate possible shortcomingsin either method. ^*This paper is the result of a study made at the Group for AquaticPrimary Productivity (GAP) First International Workshop heldat the Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, in April1982.     

The use of insect growth regulators, analogues of the juvenile hormone, against summer fruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana and other pests

The effectiveness of an insect growth regulator (IGR) of the juvenile hormone type (Ro 10-3108/018) was tested in field trials in 1976 against summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana F.v.R., Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and other orchard pests. The orchards were sprayed in spring at the beginning of the last larval stage of the hibernated generation of the summer fruit tortrix.Numerous deformations were observed in larvae, pupae and adults, collected 1 to 3 weeks after treatment. The emergence of moths reared from exposed larvae and the reproduction of emerged adults were considerably reduced. In well-isolated orchards, the flight of moths of the treated generation was low, but in less isolated ones reinfestation from elsewhere was observed. The population of the next generation, which was studied in fifteen apple and two pear orchards in Switzerland and in the Netherlands, decreased markedly in well-isolated orchards. Moreover, fruit damage was no greater than that following a classical spraying programme.The advantages and disadvantages of the application of these specific insecticides in integrated control programmes are discussed.

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Résume L'efficacité des régulateurs de croissance d'insectes (RCI), analogues de l'hormone juvénile, a été testée en plein champ contre capua (Adoxophyes orana) et contre d'autres ravageurs des vergers du pommier. Les traitements ont été appliqués au début du dernier stade de la génération hivernante de cette tordeuse.De nombreuses malformations ont pu être observées sur des individus de capua récoltés 1 à 3 semaines après le traitement, aussi bien au stade larvaire que pupal et adulte. Le taux d'éclosion des papillons issus de larves traitées et le potentiel de reproduction de ces imagos éclos ont été fortement réduits.L'effet sur la dynamique de la population du ravageur de la génération suivant l'application des RCI a également été étudié dans 15 vergers de pommiers et 2 vergers de poiriers en Suisse et aux Pays-Bas. Le vol des papillons de la génération traitée et la population larvaire de la génération d'été ont été fortement réduits dans les vergers bien isolés. D'autre part les dégâts sur fruits restent en général faibles.Les avantages et les répercussions de l'utilisation de ces insecticides plus spécifiques dans la lutte intégrée, sont discutés.

     

Quantifying GHG emissions enabled by capital and labor: Economic and gender inequalities in France

Many studies have investigated the carbon footprint of households. They rely on consumption-based responsibility and focus on how many emissions are embodied in a product. Here we open a new field by discussing the emissions that individuals enable by providing labor and capital to companies, using the framework of income-based (downstream) responsibility. This perspective focuses on the emissions enabled by providing inputs to production processes, and is relevant for discussion of sustainable work and the carbon impact of investment and financial portfolios. We compute the downstream carbon intensity of primary inputs for 35 industries in France using the multi-regional input–output database EXIOBASE. We provide a detailed picture of enabled emissions, disaggregating those by industry and primary inputs. On average, capital inputs are more carbon intensive than labor inputs. Finally, we couple downstream carbon intensities with an extensive national survey on wages to obtain a distribution of the income-based emissions of employees. Income-based emissions are much more unequally distributed than wages due to the huge variability of carbon intensity across industries: a truck driver enables far more emissions than a social-care worker. Inequalities in emissions do not strongly interact with economic inequality. Yet they are gendered because women work disproportionately in low-carbon-intensive industries such as healthcare. As a result, women contribute less to GHG emissions than their wage share would seem to indicate.     

Cancer de la vulve: Etude clinique de 46 cas

Vulvar carcinoma is found primarily in elderly and postmenopausal women. Most patients unfortunately seek medical advice too late and only after various inadequate treatments have been applied. Radical vulvectomy is the treatment of choice in cases of epidermoid carcinoma. For the patients in the series reported who received adequate surgical treatment, the five-year survival rate was 71.4%, while for those who were inadequately treated it was only 11%.