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121.
Summary The cellular location of the haemolysin of Vibrio cholerae El Tor strain 017 has been analyzed. This protein is found both in the periplasmic space and the extracellular medium in Vibrio cholerae. However, when the cloned gene, present on plasmid pPM431, is introduced into E. coli K-12 this protein remains localized predominantly in the periplasmic space with no activity detected in the extracellular medium. Mutants of E. coli K-12 (tolA and tolB) which leak periplasmic proteins mimic excretion and release the haemolysin into the growth medium. Secretion of haemolysin into the periplasm is independent of perA (envZ) and in fact, mutants in perA (envZ) harbouring pPM431 show hyperproduction of periplasmic haemolysin. These results in conjunction with those for other V. cholerae extracellular proteins suggest that although E. coli K-12 can secrete these proteins into the periplasm, it lacks a specific excretion mechanism, present in V. cholerae, for the release of soluble proteins into the growth medium. 相似文献
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Antonietta Liotti Serena Cabaro Ilaria Cimmino Serena Ricci Claudio Procaccini Orlando Paciello Gregory A. Raciti Rosa Spinelli Susanna Iossa Giuseppe Matarese Claudia Miele Pietro Formisano Francesco Beguinot Francesco Oriente 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids》2018,1863(5):515-525
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Jasmine Ferrario Antonietta Rosso Agnese Marchini Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2018,27(11):2783-2794
This paper provides an inventory of non-indigenous bryozoan species (NIB) recorded in the Mediterranean Sea. Taking into account previous NIB lists and updated non-indigenous concept, a careful literature review was carried out, reporting data on 33 NIB from 14 Mediterranean countries (Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Spain, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey). A total of 296 valid records were listed, including 6 yet unpublished. Other 62 records were labelled as uncertain and listed separately, until further analyses on taxonomic identity, non-indigenous status and distribution patterns of the species involved will clarify their status. The countries with the higher numbers of NIB and single records are Lebanon (20 and 78, respectively) and Italy (12 and 112, respectively). The distribution of NIB in the Mediterranean Sea appears scattered and no data are available at all for eight countries. Studies and monitoring efforts on bryozoans in the Mediterranean Sea are not evenly distributed, probably as a consequence of the decrease in number of expert taxonomists and the poor allocation of funds on biodiversity studies. The coordination among Mediterranean countries on standardised sampling methods is needed in order to create a comprehensive baseline knowledge on NIB distribution in the Mediterranean Sea and prioritise taxa and countries that are still poorly investigated. 相似文献
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Oils, carbohydrates, and fats generated by microalgae are being refined in an effort to produce biofuels. The research presented here examines two marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis salina (green alga) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom), when grown with 0 (no addition), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 g L?1 NaHCO3 added to an f/2 medium during the growth phase (GP) and a nutrient induced (nitrate limitation) lipid formation phase (LP). We hypothesize that the addition of NaHCO3 is a sustainable and practical strategy to increase cellular density and concentrations of lipids in microalgae as well as the rate of lipid accumulation. In N. salina, final cell densities were significantly (p?<?0.05) higher in the NaHCO3-treated cells than the control while in P. tricornutum the cell densities were higher with >[NaHCO3] during the GP. During the LP, cell densities were generally higher in the NaHCO3-treated cells compared with controls. F V/F M (efficiency of photosystem II) patterns paralleled those for cell density with generally higher values with higher concentrations of NaHCO3 and significantly different values between controls and 5.0 g L?1 NaHCO3 at the end of the GP (p?<?0.05). F V/F M was variable between treatments in P. tricornutum (0.3–0.65) but less so in N. salina for (0.5–0.7) regardless of [NaHCO3]. The lipid index (measured with Nile red), used as a proxy for triacylglycerides (TAGs), was 10.2?±?6.5 and 4.4?±?2.9 (fluorescence units/OD cells ×1000) for N. salina and P. tricornutum, respectively, at the end of the GP. At the end of the LP, the lipid index was eight and four times higher than during the GP in the corresponding 5.0 g L?1 NaHCO3 treatments, revealing that N. salina was accumulating more lipid than P. tricornutum. Dry weights essentially doubled during LP compared with GP for N. salina; this was not the case for P. tricornutum. In general, the percentage of ash in dry weights was significantly higher in the LP relative to the corresponding GP treatments for P. tricornutum; this was not the case for N. salina. During the LP, there was also less soluble protein in N. salina compared to GP; differences were not significant in cells growing with 2.0 or 5.0 g L?1 NaHCO3. In P. tricornutum, faster growing cells had more soluble protein during the GP and LP; differences between treatments were significant. P. tricornutum generally accumulated significantly more crude protein than N. salina at higher [NaHCO3]; there was three times more crude protein in the highest NaHCO3 (5.0 g L?1) treatment compared with the controls. C:N ratios (mol:mol) were similar across treatments during GP: 7.03?±?0.12 and 10.16?±?0.41 for N. salina and P. tricornutum, respectively. Further, C:N ratios increased with increasing [NaHCO3] during LP. Species-specific fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) profiles were observed. While C16:0 was lower in P. tricornutum compared to N. salina, the diatom produced more C16:1 and C14 but not C18:3. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) significantly increased in N. salina in the LP compared to GP and in response to increasing [NaHCO3] (t tests; p?<?0.05). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) responded similarly but to a lesser degree. There were more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in N. salina than MUFAs or SFAs. In P. tricornutum, there were generally more SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs in P. tricornutum during LP than GP in the corresponding NaHCO3 treatments. These findings reveal the importance of considering NaHCO3 as a supplemental carbon source in the culturing marine phytoplankton in large-scale production for biofuels. 相似文献
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Marilena Gregorini Valeria Corradetti Chiara Rocca Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri Teresa Valsania Samantha Milanesi Nicoletta Serpieri Giulia Bedino Pasquale Esposito Carmelo Libetta Maria Antonietta Avanzini Melissa Mantelli Daniela Ingo Sabrina Peressini Riccardo Albertini Antonio Dal Canton Teresa Rampino 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
130.
Hichem Mahfouz Antonella Ragnini-Wilson Rossella Venditti Maria Antonietta De Matteis Cathal Wilson 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Trs20p is a subunit of the evolutionarily conserved TRAPP (TRAnsport Protein Particle) complex that mediates various aspects of membrane trafficking. Three TRAPP complexes have been identified in yeast with roles in ER-to-Golgi trafficking, post-Golgi and endosomal-to-Golgi transport and in autophagy. The role of Trs20p, which is essential for viability and a component of all three complexes, and how it might function within each TRAPP complex, has not been clarified to date. To begin to address the role of Trs20p we generated different mutants by random mutagenesis but, surprisingly, no defects were observed in diverse anterograde transport pathways or general secretion in Trs20 temperature-sensitive mutants. Instead, mutation of Trs20 led to defects in endocytic recycling and a block in sporulation/meiosis. The phenotypes of different mutants appear to be separable suggesting that the mutations affect the function of Trs20 in different TRAPP complexes. 相似文献