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371.
Dominic SY Amuzu Kirk A Rockett Ellen M Leffler Felix Ansah Nicholas Amoako Collins M Moranga Christina Hubbart Kate Rowlands Anna E Jeffreys Lucas N Amenga-Etego Dominic P Kwiatkowski Gordon A Awandare 《Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)》2021,246(8):916
Glycophorins are the most abundant sialoglycoproteins on the surface of human erythrocyte membranes. Genetic variation in glycophorin region of human chromosome 4 (containing GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE genes) is of interest because the gene products serve as receptors for pathogens of major public health interest, including Plasmodium sp., Babesia sp., Influenza virus, Vibrio cholerae El Tor Hemolysin, and Escherichia coli. A large structural rearrangement and hybrid glycophorin variant, known as Dantu, which was identified in East African populations, has been linked with a 40% reduction in risk for severe malaria. Apart from Dantu, other large structural variants exist, with the most common being deletion of the whole GYPB gene and its surrounding region, resulting in multiple different deletion forms. In West Africa particularly, these deletions are estimated to account for between 5 and 15% of the variation in different populations, mostly attributed to the forms known as DEL1 and DEL2. Due to the lack of specific variant assays, little is known of the distribution of these variants. Here, we report a modification of a previous GYPB DEL1 assay and the development of a novel GYPB DEL2 assay as high-throughput PCR-RFLP assays, as well as the identification of the crossover/breakpoint for GYPB DEL2. Using 393 samples from three study sites in Ghana as well as samples from HapMap and 1000 G projects for validation, we show that our assays are sensitive and reliable for genotyping GYPB DEL1 and DEL2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such high-throughput genotyping assays by PCR-RFLP for identifying specific GYPB deletion types in populations. These assays will enable better identification of GYPB deletions for large genetic association studies and functional experiments to understand the role of this gene cluster region in susceptibility to malaria and other diseases. 相似文献
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373.
Contribution of electron microscopy in the study of the interactions between pathogenic bacteria and their host cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antoinette Ryter 《Journal of structural biology》1990,104(1-3):163-168
Our knowledge on the functional anatomy of bacteria is based on the electron microscopic (EM) studies performed during the last forty years. Most pathogenic properties however cannot be visualized in EM because they are not related to defined structures. In contrast, EM studies have provided important data on the behaviour of pathogenic bacteria in their host cells. They have shown that many bacterial species have developed different stratagems to survive and multiply in their host cell. Some are even able to use the host cell machinery to move and invade adjacent cells. 相似文献