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排序方式: 共有897条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Annick Bórquez Anne Cori Erica L. Pufall Jingo Kasule Emma Slaymaker Alison Price Jocelyn Elmes Basia Zaba Amelia C. Crampin Joseph Kagaayi Tom Lutalo Mark Urassa Simon Gregson Timothy B. Hallett 《PLoS medicine》2016,13(9)
BackgroundProgrammatic planning in HIV requires estimates of the distribution of new HIV infections according to identifiable characteristics of individuals. In sub-Saharan Africa, robust routine data sources and historical epidemiological observations are available to inform and validate such estimates.ConclusionsIt is possible to reliably predict the distribution of new HIV infections acquired using data routinely available in many countries in the sub-Saharan African region with a single relatively simple mathematical model. This tool would complement more specific analyses to guide resource allocation, data collection, and programme planning. 相似文献
32.
Cacylde Amouzou Cyril Breuker Odile Fabre Annick Bourret Karen Lambert Olivier Birot Christine Fédou Anne-Marie Dupuy Jean-Paul Cristol Thibault Sutra Nicolas Molinari Laurent Maimoun Denis Mariano-Goulart Florence Galtier Antoine Avignon Fran?oise Stanke-Labesque Jacques Mercier Ariane Sultan Catherine Bisbal 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
ContextObesity is associated with insulin-resistance (IR), the key feature of type 2 diabetes. Although chronic low-grade inflammation has been identified as a central effector of IR development, it has never been investigated simultaneously at systemic level and locally in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in obese humans characterized for their insulin sensitivity.ObjectivesWe compared metabolic parameters and inflammation at systemic and tissue levels in normal-weight and obese subjects with different insulin sensitivity to better understand the mechanisms involved in IR development.Methods30 post-menopausal women were classified as normal-weight insulin-sensitive (controls, CT) and obese (grade I) insulin-sensitive (OIS) or insulin-resistant (OIR) according to their body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of IR index. They underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, blood sampling, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies, an activity questionnaire and a self-administrated dietary recall. We analyzed insulin sensitivity, inflammation and IR-related parameters at the systemic level. In tissues, insulin response was assessed by P-Akt/Akt expression and inflammation by macrophage infiltration as well as cytokines and IκBα expression.ResultsSystemic levels of lipids, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and lipopolysaccharides were equivalent between OIS and OIR subjects. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages was higher in OIR than in CT and OIS and was associated with higher IL-6 level. Insulin induced Akt phosphorylation to the same extent in CT, OIS and OIR. In skeletal muscle, we could not detect any inflammation even though IκBα expression was lower in OIR compared to CT. However, while P-Akt/Akt level increased following insulin stimulation in CT and OIS, it remained unchanged in OIR.ConclusionOur results show that systemic IR occurs without any change in systemic and tissues inflammation. We identified a muscle defect in insulin response as an early mechanism of IR development in grade I obese post-menopausal women. 相似文献
33.
Exploring Biotic and Abiotic Determinants of Nest Size in Mediterranean Great Tits (Parus major) and Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
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![点击此处可从《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Marcel M. Lambrechts Jacques Blondel Cyril Bernard Samuel P. Caro Anne Charmantier Virginie Demeyrier Claire Doutrelant Gabrielle Dubuc‐Messier Amélie Fargevieille Christophe de Franceschi Pablo Giovannini Arnaud Grégoire Sylvie Hurtrez‐Boussès Annick Lucas Mark C. Mainwaring Pascal Marrot Adèle Mennerat Samuel Perret Philippe Perret 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2016,122(6):492-501
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35.
M. Christiane Brahimi-Horn Sandra Lacas-Gervais Ricardo Adaixo Karine Ilc Matthieu Rouleau Annick Notte Marc Dieu Carine Michiels Thibault Voeltzel Vronique Maguer-Satta Joffrey Pelletier Marius Ilie Paul Hofman Bndicte Manoury Alexander Schmidt Sebastian Hiller Jacques Pouyssgur Nathalie M. Mazure 《Molecular and cellular biology》2022,42(1)
36.
Paul S Bizouarne N Paul A Price MR Hansson GC Kieny MP Acres RB 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1999,48(1):22-28
The in vitro anti-proliferative properties of various supernatants from MUC1-expressing cell lines and of purified preparations
of MUC1 were evaluated. We have observed that supernatants from the MUC1- and MUC3-positive cell line T47D, but not from the
MUC1- and MUC4-positive cell line MCF7, were able to inhibit proliferation of cells from various haematopoietic cell lines.
Although the activity of T47D supernatants could be abrogated by immunodepletion of MUC1, immunopurified MUC1 from T47D was
unable to inhibit cell proliferation. Significantly, supernatants from mouse 3T3 cells transfected with a secreted form of
MUC1 or from BHK-21 cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus coding for the secreted form of MUC1, as well as preparations
of purified MUC1 from bile or urine, were likewise unable to inhibit T cell proliferation. Surprisingly, a crude mixture of
bile mucins had a suppressive effect on T cell growth. Our results suggest that other molecules, such as amino sugars or other
mucins, which can associate with MUC1, are likely to be responsible for the observed anti-proliferative effects of T47D cells.
Received: 20 August 1998 / Accepted: 3 December 1998 相似文献
37.
38.
Palumbo E Favier CF Deghorain M Cocconcelli PS Grangette C Mercenier A Vaughan EE Hols P 《FEMS microbiology letters》2004,239(1):131-138
A stable mutant of Lactobacillus plantarum deficient in alanine racemase (Alr) was constructed by two successive homologous recombination steps. When the mutant was supplemented with D-alanine, growth and viability were unaffected. Surprisingly, deprivation of d-alanine during exponential growth did not result in a rapid and extensive lysis as observed in Alr-deficient strains of Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis. Rather, the starved mutant cells underwent a growth arrest and were gradually affected in viability with a decrease in colony forming units over 99% in less than 24 h. Additionally, fluorescent techniques demonstrated a loss of cell envelope integrity in the starved cells. Prolonged d-alanine starvation resulted in cells with an aberrant morphology. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed an increase in cell length, deficiencies in septum formation, thinning of the cell envelope and perforation of the cell wall in the septum region. We discuss the involvement of peptidoglycan hydrolases in these phenotypic defects in the context of the crucial role played by D-alanine in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and teichoic acids substitution. 相似文献
39.
Marsollier L Sévérin T Aubry J Merritt RW Saint André JP Legras P Manceau AL Chauty A Carbonnelle B Cole ST 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2004,70(10):6296-6298
Accumulative indirect evidence of the epidemiology of Mycobacterium ulcerans infections causing chronic skin ulcers (i.e., Buruli ulcer disease) suggests that the development of this pathogen and its transmission to humans are related predominantly to aquatic environments. We report that snails could transitorily harbor M. ulcerans without offering favorable conditions for its growth and replication. A novel intermediate link in the transmission chain of M. ulcerans becomes likely with predator aquatic insects in addition to phytophage insects. Water bugs, such as Naucoris cimicoides, a potential vector of M. ulcerans, were shown to be infected specifically by this bacterium after feeding on snails experimentally exposed to M. ulcerans. 相似文献
40.
Slowed conduction and thin myelination of peripheral nerves associated with mutant rho Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor 10
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![点击此处可从《American journal of human genetics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Verhoeven K De Jonghe P Van de Putte T Nelis E Zwijsen A Verpoorten N De Vriendt E Jacobs A Van Gerwen V Francis A Ceuterick C Huylebroeck D Timmerman V 《American journal of human genetics》2003,73(4):926-932
Slowed nerve-conduction velocities (NCVs) are a biological endophenotype in the majority of the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN). Here, we identified a family with autosomal dominant segregation of slowed NCVs without the clinical phenotype of HMSN. Peripheral-nerve biopsy showed predominantly thinly myelinated axons. We identified a locus at 8p23 and a Thr109Ile mutation in ARHGEF10, encoding a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rho family of GTPase proteins (RhoGTPases). Rho GEFs are implicated in neural morphogenesis and connectivity and regulate the activity of small RhoGTPases by catalyzing the exchange of bound GDP by GTP. Expression analysis of ARHGEF10, by use of its mouse orthologue Gef10, showed that it is highly expressed in the peripheral nervous system. Our data support a role for ARHGEF10 in developmental myelination of peripheral nerves. 相似文献