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排序方式: 共有668条查询结果,搜索用时 750 毫秒
51.
Charlotte Welinder Krzysztof Paw?owski Yutaka Sugihara Maria Yakovleva G?ran J?nsson Christian Ingvar Lotta Lundgren Bo Baldetorp H?kan Olsson Melinda Rezeli Bo Jansson Thomas Laurell Thomas Fehniger Balazs D?me Johan Malm Elisabet Wieslander Toshihide Nishimura Gy?rgy Marko-Varga 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Malignant melanoma has the highest increase of incidence of malignancies in the western world. In early stages, front line therapy is surgical excision of the primary tumor. Metastatic disease has very limited possibilities for cure. Recently, several protein kinase inhibitors and immune modifiers have shown promising clinical results but drug resistance in metastasized melanoma remains a major problem. The need for routine clinical biomarkers to follow disease progression and treatment efficacy is high. The aim of the present study was to build a protein sequence database in metastatic melanoma, searching for novel, relevant biomarkers. Ten lymph node metastases (South-Swedish Malignant Melanoma Biobank) were subjected to global protein expression analysis using two proteomics approaches (with/without orthogonal fractionation). Fractionation produced higher numbers of protein identifications (4284). Combining both methods, 5326 unique proteins were identified (2641 proteins overlapping). Deep mining proteomics may contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers for metastatic melanoma, for example dividing the samples into two metastatic melanoma “genomic subtypes”, (“pigmentation” and “high immune”) revealed several proteins showing differential levels of expression. In conclusion, the present study provides an initial version of a metastatic melanoma protein sequence database producing a total of more than 5000 unique protein identifications. The raw data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD001724 and PXD001725. 相似文献
52.
Rhonda R. Snook Anneli Hoikkala 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2014,68(11):3095-3108
An outstanding goal in speciation research is to trace the mode and tempo of the evolution of barriers to gene flow. Such research benefits from studying incipient speciation, in which speciation between populations has not yet occurred, but where multiple potential mechanisms of reproductive isolation (RI: i.e., premating, postmating‐prezygotic (PMPZ), and postzygotic barriers) may act. We used such a system to investigate these barriers among allopatric populations of Drosophila montana. In all heteropopulation crosses we found premating (sexual) isolation, which was either symmetric or asymmetric depending on the population pair compared. Postmating isolation was particularly strong in crosses involving males from one of the study populations, and while sperm were successfully transferred, stored, and motile, we experimentally demonstrated that the majority of eggs produced were unfertilized. Thus, we identified the nature of a PMPZ incompatibility. There was no evidence of intrinsic postzygotic effects. Measures of absolute and relative strengths of pre‐ and postmating barriers showed that populations differed in the mode and magnitude of RI barriers. Our results indicate that incipient RI among populations can be driven by different contributions of both premating and PMPZ barriers occurring between different population pairs and without the evolution of postzygotic barriers. 相似文献
53.
The tiered approach to assessing ecological risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops assumes that lower tier laboratory studies, which expose surrogate non-target organisms to high doses of insecticidal proteins, can detect harmful effects that might be manifested in the field. To test this assumption, we performed meta-analyses comparing results for non-target invertebrates exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins in laboratory studies with results derived from independent field studies examining effects on the abundance of non-target invertebrates. For Lepidopteran-active Cry proteins, laboratory studies correctly predicted the reduced field abundance of non-target Lepidoptera. However, laboratory studies incorporating tri-trophic interactions of Bt plants, herbivores and parasitoids were better correlated with the decreased field abundance of parasitoids than were direct-exposure assays. For predators, laboratory tri-trophic studies predicted reduced abundances that were not realized in field studies and thus overestimated ecological risk. Exposure to Coleopteran-active Cry proteins did not significantly reduce the laboratory survival or field abundance of any functional group examined. Our findings support the assumption that laboratory studies of transgenic insecticidal crops show effects that are either consistent with, or more conservative than, those found in field studies, with the important caveat that laboratory studies should explore all ecologically relevant routes of exposure. 相似文献
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Tove Alm Louise Yderland Johan Nilvebrant Anneli Halldin Sophia Hober Professor 《Biotechnology journal》2010,5(6):605-617
A novel protein domain with dual affinity has been created by randomization and selection. The small alkali-stabilized albumin-binding domain (ABD*), used as scaffold to construct the library, has affinity to human serum albumin (HSA) and is constituted of 46 amino acids of which 11 were randomized. To achieve a dual binder, the binding site of the inherent HSA affinity was untouched and the randomization was made on the opposite side of the molecule. Despite its small size and randomization of almost a quarter of its amino acids, a bifunctional molecule, ABDz1, with ability to bind to both HSA and the Z2 domain/protein A was successfully selected using phage display. Moreover, the newly selected variant showed improved affinity for HSA compared to the parental molecule. This novel protein domain has been characterized regarding secondary structure and affinity to the two different ligands. The possibility for affinity purification on two different matrices has been investigated using the two ligands, the HSA matrix and the protein A-based, MabSelect SuRe matrix, and the new protein domain was purified to homogeneity. Furthermore, gene fusions between the new domain and three different target proteins with different characteristics were made. To take advantage of both affinities, a purification strategy referred to as orthogonal affinity purification using two different matrices was created. Successful purification of all three versions was efficiently carried out using this strategy. 相似文献
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Based on the very high prevalence of diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, particularly in the developing world, and the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates, there is a strong rationale for an effective vaccine against H. pylori. In this review we describe recent promising candidate vaccines and prophylactic or therapeutic immunization strategies for use against H. pylori, as well as studies to identify immune responses that are related to protection in experimental animals. We also describe identification of different types of immune responses that may be related to protection against symptoms based on comparisons of H. pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcers or gastric cancer and asymptomatic carriers. We conclude that there is still a strong need to clarify the main protective immune mechanisms against H. pylori as well as to identify a cocktail of strong protective antigens, or recombinant bacterial strains that express such antigens, that could be administered by a regimen that gives rise to effective immune responses in humans. 相似文献
59.
Determinants of successful establishment and post‐translocation dispersal of a new population of the critically endangered St. Croix ground lizard (Ameiva polops) 下载免费PDF全文
Lee A. Fitzgerald Michael L. Treglia Nicole Angeli Toby J. Hibbitts Daniel J. Leavitt Amanda L. Subalusky Ian Lundgren Zandy Hillis‐Starr 《Restoration Ecology》2015,23(6):776-786
Translocation to areas free of exotic predators, habitat degradation, or disease may be the most viable restoration option for many endangered species. We report on a successful translocation of the critically endangered St. Croix ground lizard, Ameiva polops, extirpated from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean, by predation from introduced mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus). We translocated 57 adult A. polops from Green Cay to Buck Island in May 2008. We placed 4 females and 3 males each in eight, 100 m2, enclosures on Buck Island for 71 days, then the enclosures were opened. During the enclosure period, 20 individuals were identified and 32 others were seen. The average number sighted per survey was only 5.28 (range = 2–10). One hatchling was sighted in an enclosure, indicating a translocated female successfully nested. Body condition of the translocated individuals increased significantly by the end of the enclosure period. Population monitoring surveys at 61 sites across Buck Island showed that 5 years after the initial translocation in June 2013, the new population had grown to an estimated 1,473 individuals and occupied 58.9% of the island. We attribute eradication of mongoose, life history of the species, large propagule size, condition of habitat, soft‐release, use of adults, interagency collaboration, and systematic assessment as primary factors that facilitated this successful translocation. Our findings provide meaningful insights on factors that enhance the potential for successful translocations, and point to new strategies aimed at restoring populations of endangered reptiles in their native ranges. 相似文献
60.
Chrisanthar R Knappskog S Løkkevik E Anker G Ostenstad B Lundgren S Risberg T Mjaaland I Skjønsberg G Aas T Schlichting E Fjösne HE Nysted A Lillehaug JR Lønning PE 《PloS one》2011,6(4):e19249