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51.
Prospects on the evolutionary mitogenomics of plants: A case study on the olive family (Oleaceae) 下载免费PDF全文
Céline Van de Paer Olivier Bouchez Guillaume Besnard 《Molecular ecology resources》2018,18(3):407-423
The mitogenome is rarely used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of plants, contrary to nuclear and plastid markers. Here, we evaluate the usefulness of mitochondrial DNA for molecular evolutionary studies in Oleaceae, in which cases of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and of potentially contrasted organelle inheritance are known. We compare the diversity and the evolution of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes by focusing on the olive complex and related genera. Using high‐throughput techniques, we reconstructed complete mitogenomes (ca. 0.7 Mb) and plastomes (ca. 156 kb) for six olive accessions and one Chionanthus. A highly variable organization of mitogenomes was observed at the species level. In olive, two specific chimeric genes were identified in the mitogenome of lineage E3 and may be involved in CMS. Plastid‐derived regions (mtpt) were observed in all reconstructed mitogenomes. Through phylogenetic reconstruction, we demonstrate that multiple integrations of mtpt regions have occurred in Oleaceae, but mtpt regions shared by all members of the olive complex derive from a common ancestor. We then assembled 52 conserved mitochondrial gene regions and complete plastomes of ten additional accessions belonging to tribes Oleeae, Fontanesieae and Forsythieae. Phylogenetic congruence between topologies based on mitochondrial regions and plastomes suggests a strong disequilibrium linkage between both organellar genomes. Finally, while phylogenetic reconstruction based on plastomes fails to resolve the evolutionary history of maternal olive lineages in the Mediterranean area, their phylogenetic relationships were successfully resolved with complete mitogenomes. Overall, our study demonstrates the great potential of using mitochondrial DNA in plant phylogeographic and metagenomic studies. 相似文献
52.
C. Berrier M. Besnard B. Ajouz A. Coulombe A. Ghazi 《The Journal of membrane biology》1996,151(2):175-187
Mechanosensitive ion channels from Escherichia coli were studied in giant proteoliposomes reconstituted from an inner membrane fraction, or in giant round cells in which the
outer membrane and the cell wall had been disrupted by a lysozyme-EDTA treatment and a mild osmotic shock. Patch-clamp experiments
revealed the presence in these two preparations of an array of different conductances (100 to 2,300 pS in 0.1 m KCl) activated by stretch. The electrical activity induced by stretch in the native membrane was complex, due to the activation
of several different conductances. In contrast, patches of proteoliposomes generally contained clusters of identical conductances,
which differed from patch to patch. These experiments are consistent with the notion that these different conductances correspond
to different proteins in the plasma membrane of E. coli, which segregate into clusters of identical channels on dilution involved in reconstitution in proteoliposomes. These conductances
could be grouped into three subfamilies of poorly selective channels. In both preparations, the higher the conductance, the
higher was the negative pressure needed for activation. We discuss the putative role of these channels as parts of a multicomponent
osmoregulatory system.
Received: 23 May 1995/Revised: 31 January 1996 相似文献
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56.
Initial preference for plant species and state during oviposition site selection by an odonate 下载免费PDF全文
Endophytic egg‐laying odonates use an ovipositor to insert their eggs inside plant tissues. Before egg deposition, oviposition site selection consists of two crucial steps: (i) the initial choice, typically decided in species that oviposit in tandem within vertical substrates by the male when landing and then by the female by staying on the substrate or flying to another; and (ii) the insertion site choice, made by the female who uses her ovipositor to palpate the substrate. Some odonates prefer to deposit their eggs within specific plant species. Some are able to discriminate between living and dead substrates during the initial choice. However, the extent to which odonates discriminate among distinct plant species during the initial choice is unknown. We studied the initial site preference in Lestes macrostigma (Odonata: Lestidae) to determine whether the males and/or females show a distinct preference among five types of shoots when landing on or when palpating the substrate, respectively. Male L. macrostigma preferred to land on Bolboschoenus maritimus and dead Juncus spp. When focusing on J. maritimus, females preferentially palpated the substrate when the male landed on dead shoots. We suggest that the male preference for these substrates is consistent with that of the female during insertion site choice but also during egg deposition. Such behavior should reduce the duration of oviposition, with benefits of reducing the predation risk and increasing available time for foraging. The advantage in preferring these substrates should be linked to a selection pressure acting on egg development and/or survival. 相似文献
57.
Céline Martin Patricia Passilly-Degrace Micha?l Chevrot Déborah Ancel Steven M. Sparks Daniel J. Drucker Philippe Besnard 《Journal of lipid research》2012,53(11):2256-2265
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling modulates sweet-taste sensitivity in the
mouse. Because circumvallate papillae (CVPs) express both GLP-1 and its receptor, a
local regulation has been suggested. However, whether dietary lipids are involved in
this regulation, as shown in the gut, is unknown. By using a combination of
biochemical, immunohistochemical, and behavioral approaches, the present data i)
confirm the role of GLP-1 signaling in the attraction for sucrose, ii) demonstrate
that minute quantities of long-chain FAs (LCFAs) reinforce the attraction for sucrose
in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner, iii) suggest an involvement of the LCFA
receptor GPR120 expressed in taste buds in this system, and iv) support the existence
of a regulation by GLP-1 of the lipid sensing mediated by lingual CD36. Therefore,
oro-sensory detection of LCFAs may affect sweet and fatty taste responsiveness by
controlling the secretion of lingual GLP-1. This regulatory loop, probably triggered
by the LCFA-GPR120 interaction, might contribute to the high palatability of foods
rich both in fat and sugar. 相似文献
58.
Matsuzaki Y Xu Y Ikegami M Besnard V Park KS Hull WM Wert SE Whitsett JA 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2006,177(1):527-537
The role of Stat3 in the maintenance of pulmonary homeostasis following adenoviral-mediated lung injury was assessed in vivo. Stat3 was selectively deleted from bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells in Stat3(DeltaDelta) mice. Although lung histology and function were unaltered by deletion of Stat3 in vivo, Stat3(DeltaDelta) mice were highly susceptible to lung injury caused by intratracheal administration of AV1-GFP, an early (E) region 1- and E3-deleted, nonproliferative adenovirus. Severe airspace enlargement, loss of alveolar septae, and sloughing of the bronchiolar epithelium were observed in Stat3(DeltaDelta) mice as early as 1 day after exposure to the virus. Although surfactant protein A, B, and C content and surfactant protein-B mRNA expression in Stat3(DeltaDelta) mice were similar, TUNEL staining and caspase-3 were increased in alveolar type II epithelial cells of Stat3(DeltaDelta) mice after exposure to virus. RNA microarray analysis of type II epithelial cells isolated from Stat3(DeltaDelta) mice demonstrated significant changes in expression of numerous genes, including those genes regulating apoptosis, supporting the concept that the susceptibility of Stat3-deficient mice to adenovirus was related to the role of Stat3 in the regulation of cell survival. AV1-Bcl-x(L), an E1- and E3-deleted, nonproliferative adenovirus expressing the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x(L), protected Stat3(DeltaDelta) mice from adenoviral-induced lung injury. Adenoviral infection of the lungs of Stat3-deficient mice was associated with severe injury of the alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium. Thus, Stat3 plays a critical cytoprotective role that is required for epithelial cell survival and maintenance of alveolar structures during the early phases of pulmonary adenoviral infection. 相似文献
59.
Genetic polymorphism was investigated in Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl at 15 gene regions, of which seven have been identified to putatively play a role in heavy-metal tolerance or hyperaccumulation. Single nucleotide and length polymorphisms were assessed at four cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) and 11 simple sequence repeat (microsatellite) loci, respectively. The utility of these loci for genetic studies in T. caerulescens was measured among seven natural populations (135 individuals). Fourteen loci rendered polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 5 and 1 to 27 for CAPS and microsatellites, respectively. Up to 12 alleles per locus were detected in a population. The global observed heterozygosity per population varied between 0.01 and 0.31. Additionally, cross-species/genera amplification of loci was investigated on eight other Brassicaceae (five individuals per population). Overall, 70% of the cross-species/genera amplifications were successful, and among them, more than 40% provided intraspecific polymorphisms within a single population. This indicates that such markers may, as well, allow comparative population genetic or mapping studies between and within several Brassicaceae, particularly for genes involved in traits such as heavy-metal tolerance and/or hyperaccumulation. 相似文献
60.
Guillaume Besnard Rafael Rubio de Casas Pascal-Antoine Christin Pablo Vargas 《Annals of botany》2009,104(1):143-160