全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7913篇 |
免费 | 752篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
8672篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 56篇 |
2021年 | 118篇 |
2020年 | 68篇 |
2019年 | 92篇 |
2018年 | 118篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 177篇 |
2015年 | 305篇 |
2014年 | 345篇 |
2013年 | 444篇 |
2012年 | 526篇 |
2011年 | 541篇 |
2010年 | 381篇 |
2009年 | 355篇 |
2008年 | 479篇 |
2007年 | 487篇 |
2006年 | 437篇 |
2005年 | 421篇 |
2004年 | 428篇 |
2003年 | 390篇 |
2002年 | 386篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 61篇 |
1999年 | 97篇 |
1998年 | 133篇 |
1997年 | 82篇 |
1996年 | 83篇 |
1995年 | 76篇 |
1994年 | 79篇 |
1993年 | 73篇 |
1992年 | 55篇 |
1991年 | 59篇 |
1990年 | 72篇 |
1989年 | 49篇 |
1988年 | 55篇 |
1987年 | 56篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 61篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 58篇 |
1982年 | 62篇 |
1981年 | 58篇 |
1980年 | 60篇 |
1979年 | 47篇 |
1978年 | 42篇 |
1977年 | 42篇 |
1976年 | 48篇 |
1974年 | 37篇 |
1973年 | 47篇 |
1970年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有8672条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Lectin binding defines and differentiates M-cells in mouse small intestine and caecum 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M-cell surface glycoconjugate expression was investigated by applying a panel of lectins to whole fixed mouse Peyer's and caecal patches. While the majority of lectins failed to identify mouse M-cells, the lectinEuonymus europaeus differentially stained the surface of M-cells in both mouse Peyer's and caecal patches, and the lectinsUlex europaeus II andBandeiraea simplicifolia I isolectin B4 identified M-cells in the Peyer's and caecal patch follicle associated epithelium, respectively. These three mouse M-cell markers failed to identify rat and rabbit Peyer's patch M-cells, although bothEuonymus europaeus andUlex europaeus II differentially stained M-cells in the periphery of rabbit caecal patch domes. These site and species related variations in M-cell surface glycoconjugate expression may reflect the local microorganism populations and will have important implications if orally delivered vaccines and drugs are to be targeted to M-cells via their surface glycoconjugates. 相似文献
62.
Lectin recognition of host-like saccharide motifs in streptococcal cell wall polysaccharides 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Cisar John O.; Sandberg Ann L.; Abeygunawardana Chitrananda; Reddy G.Prabhakar; Bush C.Allen 《Glycobiology》1995,5(7):655-662
Viridans streptococci that participate in the microbial colonizationof teeth have cell wall polysaccharides composed of linear phosphodiester-linkedhexa- or heptasaccharide repeating units, each containing ahost-like disaccharide motif, either Galß1 相似文献
63.
Soft rot Erwinia bacteria in surface and underground waters in southern Scotland and in Colorado, United States 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1
Nancy J. McCarter-Zorner G.D. Franc M.D. Harrison Janet E. Michaud C.E. Quinn I. Ann Sells D.C. Graham 《Journal of applied microbiology》1984,57(1):95-105
An anaerobic liquid enrichment method followed by plating on a selective medium revealed that the soft rot coliform bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was generally present in water from drains, ditches, streams, rivers and lakes (including reservoirs) in southern Scotland and in Colorado, United States, in mountainous, upland and arable areas through the year. Many sites were remote from susceptible or diseased crops. Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica was isolated much less frequently and no Erwinia bacteria were isolated from underground waters. Erwinia bacteria were also found in rain-water in Scotland, in winter snow from mountain passes in Colorado, and in sea water from the west and east coasts of Scotland and from the coasts of Oregon, California, Texas, Louisiana and Florida. The significance of the occurrence of these bacteria in water is discussed in relation to the control of blackleg and soft rot diseases of potato by production of Erwinia -free stocks. 相似文献
64.
65.
Ann L. Gnagey David L. Denlinger 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1984,154(1):91-96
Summary The last two days of embryonic development are crucial in programming pupal diapause in the flesh fly,Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Short daylength (greater than 10 1/2h of darkness) during this interval permits expression of diapause while long daylength during this brief sensitive stage eliminates the potential for diapause. Length of scotophase rather than photophase programs the diapause although three hours of light is needed to separate tandem dark periods. Early in the scotophase, photosensitivity is restricted to blue light (less than 540 nm). The scotophase can be divided into 4 phases according to the effect of light breaks on diapause expression. During Phase I (0–6 h after scotophase onset) embryos are highly sensitive to light interruption and diapause is effectively eliminated. A period of insensitivity to light, Phase II, extends from 6–hh after onset of scotophase. Light breaks at 10–11h coincide with the critical scotophase length and result in a partial reduction of diapause. In Phase IV, the scotophase reaction is complete and diapause competence is preserved even in the presence of light. Although light breaks result in elimination of diapause throughout Phase I, recovery time from a 1 h light break (length of darkness needed to counter the effect of a light break) differs dramatically depending upon when the light break is presented. Early in Phase I (0–3h) recovery from light interruption is rapid, while late in Phase I (4–6h), the effects of light are not readily reversible. The scotophase reaction thus appears to follow a step-wise progression rather than represent a simple linear response. We present a molecular model that could account for the dynamics of the scotophase reaction. 相似文献
66.
Mice of the PL/J strain exhibit a high percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm and provide a model for studying the function of abnormal sperm. The ability of such sperm to reach the site of fertilization within the female reproductive tract has been investigated. We have found a decrease in the percentage of structurally abnormal sperm within the population that reaches the oviduct. This observation suggests either that there is an active selection against abnormal sperm or that they are physiologically disadvantaged in reaching the site of fertilization. 相似文献
67.
The125I-labeled fragment C of tetanus toxin was found to bind specifically to the gangliosides GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b when applied to thin-layer chromatograms on which a mixture of gangliosides had been resolved. As little as 2.5 pmoles of these gangliosides could be detected by this method. In addition to factors determined by the sample, namely the amount and species of gangliosides present, optimal binding of the125I-labeled fragment C also depended upon the iodination procedure used to generate the probe, the toxin concentration, and the concentration, buffer type, pH, and ionic strength of the binding solution. This new technique was shown to be a sensitive method for the detection and identification of specific gangliosides originating from extraneural or neural cells.Nomenclature: The gangliosides follow the nomenclature system of Svennerholm [Eur J Biochem (1977) 79:11–21] GM3
II3NeuAc-LacCer
- GD3
II3(NeuAc)2-LacCer
- GM1
II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer
- GD1a
IV3NeuAc, II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer
- GD1b
II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4Cer
- GT1b
IV3NeuAc, II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4Cer
- GQ1b
IV3(Neu-Ac)2, II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4Cer
- GP1b
IV3(NeuAc)3, II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4Cer 相似文献
68.
Summary Field experiments were carried out using15N-labelled calcium nitrate, to investigate the relative uptake by barley of fertilizer-N and soil-N. On imperfectly drained till soils uptake of soil-N increased with increasing rate of fertilizer, but remained constant on a brown sand, possibly due to more efficient root exploration in the latter soil. In four out of five seasons, late uptake of soil-derived N was a major feature, and uptake from ploughed soil as compared with uptake from direct-drilled soil was correlated with seasonal rainfall patterns. Significantly higher quantities of both fertilizer- and soil-derived N were taken up by winter barley than by spring barley, reflecting the longer growth period and higher dry matter yield from the former crop. 相似文献
69.
70.
Cell culture of sixteen-day-old rat embryo cerebra and associated changes in ganglioside pattern 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Abstract— Cortical slices from rat brain were incubated in Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium. Activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) was measured in homogenates of the incubated tissue. Increasing the extracellular KCI concentration from 5 to 75 mM caused a dose-dependent increase in activity of this rate-limiting mitochondrial enzyme. The increase in PDH activity, produced by high concentration of KCI. was associated with a decrease in the tissue content of ATP. Omission of calcium, or replacement of sodium by choline, reduced, and addition of ouabain prevented, the activation of the enzyme in the depolarized tissue.
The mechanism by which extracellular potassium can affect PDH activity is unknown. However, it is most likely that the alterations in enzyme activity are related to changes in properties of cell membranes during depolarization leading to intracellular events directly affecting the enzyme complex. These could include alterations in the concentrations of adenine nucleotides or free calcium ions in the cell. 相似文献
The mechanism by which extracellular potassium can affect PDH activity is unknown. However, it is most likely that the alterations in enzyme activity are related to changes in properties of cell membranes during depolarization leading to intracellular events directly affecting the enzyme complex. These could include alterations in the concentrations of adenine nucleotides or free calcium ions in the cell. 相似文献