全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2736篇 |
免费 | 67篇 |
专业分类
2803篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 40篇 |
2021年 | 70篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 58篇 |
2017年 | 57篇 |
2016年 | 84篇 |
2015年 | 99篇 |
2014年 | 143篇 |
2013年 | 193篇 |
2012年 | 227篇 |
2011年 | 212篇 |
2010年 | 121篇 |
2009年 | 102篇 |
2008年 | 144篇 |
2007年 | 147篇 |
2006年 | 152篇 |
2005年 | 115篇 |
2004年 | 104篇 |
2003年 | 113篇 |
2002年 | 95篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有2803条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
51.
Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Though Candida albicans is the major aetiological agent, non-albicans species such Candida tropicalis are now emerging as important agents of such infection. The Candida cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) is considered a critical factor contributing to its colonization potential and virulence. It is also known that brief exposure to sub-cidal concentrations of antifungal agents is a likely scenario in the oral environment where the administered drugs are diluted continuously due to the flushing action of saliva. Hence the objective of the present study was to compare the CSH of 10 isolates each of C. albicans and C. tropicalis from HIV-infected individuals following brief exposure (1hour) of isolates to sub-therapeutic concentrations of nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and 5-flurocytosine. The CSH was assessed by a previously described biphasic aqueous-hydrocarbon assay. The mean percentage reduction of CSH of C. albicans following brief exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and 5-flurocytosine was27.33 (p < 0.001), 21.34 (p < 0.05), 11.74 (p > 0.05), 18.4 (p > 0.05) and 14.64 (p > 0.05) respectively. The mean percentage reduction of CSH of C. tropicalis following brief exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and 5-flurocytosine was 33.81 (p < 0.01), 28.88 (p < 0.01), 12.6 (p > 0.05), 21.53(p > 0.05) and 17.68 (p > 0.05) respectively. A significant inter-species variation in CSH was observed for nystatin and amphoterecin B. Overall the results reveal that the CSH of C. albicans is affected to a significantly lesser degree compared with C. tropicalis when exposed to the antifungals. These data further illustrate another mode of action of antifungals on Candida leading to a reduction in the CSH and thereby the yeast adherence to host tissues. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
52.
Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus deserticola and pteridophytic member Ampelopteris prolifera was found abundant on entire growth level based on elemental composition and gaseous exchange as a potential remediation system for phytoextraction of chromium. Inoculated A. prolifera (AM) and non-inoculated A. prolifera (Non-AM) were supplied with two Cr species: 12 mmol of trivalent cation (Cr+3) [Cr(III)] and 0.1 mmol of divalent dichromate anion (Cr2O7 ?2) [Cr(VI)]. Both Cr species were found to be depressed in overall growth and inefficient stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (NP). Mycorrhizal association was found to be natural scavenger of Cr toxicity as indicated by greater growth in plants exposed to Cr species, and increased gas exchange of Cr(III) treated plants. Though, chromium reduction resulted lower level of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) but interestingly elevated the level of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) uptake in many folds which is the significance of sustainable growth of plant. 相似文献
53.
Yaoyu Ren Timo Danner Alexandra Moy Martin Finsterbusch Tanner Hamann Jan Dippell Till Fuchs Marius Müller Ricky Hoft André Weber Larry A. Curtiss Peter Zapol Matthew Klenk Anh T. Ngo Pallab Barai Brandon C. Wood Rongpei Shi Liwen F. Wan Tae Wook Heo Martin Engels Jagjit Nanda Felix H. Richter Arnulf Latz Venkat Srinivasan Jürgen Janek Jeff Sakamoto Eric D. Wachsman Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing 《Liver Transplantation》2023,13(1):2201939
The garnet-type phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) attracts significant attention as an oxide solid electrolyte to enable safe and robust solid-state batteries (SSBs) with potentially high energy density. However, while significant progress has been made in demonstrating compatibility with Li metal, integrating LLZO into composite cathodes remains a challenge. The current perspective focuses on the critical issues that need to be addressed to achieve the ultimate goal of an all-solid-state LLZO-based battery that delivers safety, durability, and pack-level performance characteristics that are unobtainable with state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. This perspective complements existing reviews of solid/solid interfaces with more emphasis on understanding numerous homo- and heteroionic interfaces in a pure oxide-based SSB and the various phenomena that accompany the evolution of the chemical, electrochemical, structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of those interfaces during processing and operation. Finally, the insights gained from a comprehensive literature survey of LLZO–cathode interfaces are used to guide efforts for the development of LLZO-based SSBs. 相似文献
54.
Hydroxylated analogues of the orally active broad spectrum antifungal, Sch 51048 (1), and the discovery of posaconazole [Sch 56592; 2 or (S,S)-5 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bennett F Saksena AK Lovey RG Liu YT Patel NM Pinto P Pike R Jao E Girijavallabhan VM Ganguly AK Loebenberg D Wang H Cacciapuoti A Moss E Menzel F Hare RS Nomeir A 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2006,16(1):186-190
As part of a detailed study, the syntheses, biological activities, and pharmacokinetic properties of hydroxylated analogues of the previously described broad spectrum antifungal agents, Sch 51048 (1), Sch 50001 (3), and Sch 50002 (4), are described. Based on an overall superior profile, one of the alcohols, Sch 56592 (2), was selected for clinical studies. 相似文献
55.
56.
Chiranjeevi Tikka Hari Prasad Osuru Navya Atluri Praveen Chakravarthi Veera Raghavulu Nanda Kumar yellapu Ismail Shaik Mannur Uppu Venkateswara Prasad Sudheer Aluru Narasimha Varma K Matcha Bhaskar 《Bioinformation》2013,9(8):421-425
Yeast strains are commonly associated with sugar rich environments. Various fruit samples were selected as source for isolating
yeast cells. The isolated cultures were identified at Genus level by colony morphology, biochemical characteristics and cell
morphological characters. An attempt has been made to check the viability of yeast cells under different concentrations of ethanol.
Ethanol tolerance of each strain was studied by allowing the yeast to grow in liquid YEPD (Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose)
medium having different concentrations of ethanol. A total of fifteen yeast strains isolated from different samples were used for the
study. Seven strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained from different fruit sources were screened for ethanol tolerance. The
results obtained in this study show a range of tolerance levels between 7%-12% in all the stains. Further, the cluster analysis based
on 22 RAPD (Random Amplified polymorphic DNA) bands revealed polymorphisms in these seven Saccharomyces strains. 相似文献
57.
Arvind Kumar Bipransh Kumar Tiwary Sangita Kachhap Ashis Kumar Nanda Ranadhir Chakraborty 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
In this study, of the hundred Escherichia coli strains isolated from feral Pigeon faeces, eighty five strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics and fifteen sensitive to all the antibiotics tested. The only strain (among all antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates) that possessed class 1 integron was PGB01. The dihydrofolate reductase gene of the said integron was cloned, sequenced and expressed in E. coli JM109. Since PGB01 was native to pigeon’s gut, we have compared the growth of PGB01 at two different temperatures, 42°C (normal body temperature of pigeon) and 37°C (optimal growth temperature of E. coli; also the human body temperature), with E. coli K12. It was found that PGB01 grew better than the laboratory strain E. coli K12 at 37°C as well as at 42°C. In the thermal fitness assay, it was observed that the cells of PGB01 were better adapted to 42°C, resembling the average body temperature of pigeon. The strain PGB01 also sustained more microwave mediated thermal stress than E. coli K12 cells. The NMR spectra of the whole cells of PGB01 varied from E. coli K12 in several spectral peaks relating some metabolic adaptation to thermotolerance. On elevating the growth temperature from 37°C to 42°C, susceptibility to kanamycin (both strains were sensitive to it) of E. coli K12 was increased, but in case of PGB01 no change in susceptibility took place. We have also attempted to reveal the basis of trimethoprim resistance phenotype conferred by the dfrA7 gene homologue of PGB01. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation study of docked complexes, PGB01-DfrA7 and E. coli TMP-sensitive-Dfr with trimethoprim (TMP) showed loss of some of the hydrogen and hydrophobic interaction between TMP and mutated residues in PGB01-DfrA7-TMP complex compared to TMP-sensitive-Dfr-TMP complex. This loss of interaction entails decrease in affinity of TMP for PGB01-DfrA7 compared to TMP-sensitive-Dfr. 相似文献
58.
Two genotypes showing differential immunity against Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) were used to investigate the role of three members of cystatin gene family in growth stage dependent immunity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Three members of cystatin gene family (WC1, WC2, and WC4) were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of sequenced data showed that there was 76–99% nucleotide and protein sequence identity
between different genes of the wheat cystatin. In silico amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of a conserved
signature pattern of residues and also the functional domains were presumed to be actively involved in imparting cysteine
protease inhibition capability. The semi-quantitative and quantitative levels of these members were measured by means of RT-PCR,
northern blotting, western blotting, and by ELISA techniques. The members of cystatin gene family were expressed in both resistant
(HD 29) and susceptible genotypes (WH 542); however, the expression level was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in resistant compared to susceptible genotype at all the stages of wheat spikes. The patterns of expression
of WC2, WC4 were similar except in the levels in S1 and S2 stages as it remained constant (P > 0.05) in contrary to WC1 family whose expression gradually increased from Sv to S2 stage. According to the intensity of the detected band in RT PCR, northern blot and western blot, WC1 family seems to be
expressed more than the other gene families. The immunoassay results further showed that WC1 protein was abundantly expressed in resistant genotype and high expression was observed at the S2 stage as compared to susceptible
genotype (P < 0.001) suggesting that low level of expression of WC1 in S2 stage is responsible for KB infection. The results of the present study clearly indicate the role of cystatin gene
family in differential and stage dependent immunity against KB. 相似文献
59.
The benzofuran constituents of the seeds of Styrax officinalis were investigated. From the hexane extract, two new constituents named 5-(3"benzoyloxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-benzofuran (5) and 4-[3"-(1c-methylbutanoyloxy)propyl]-2-methoxy-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1a, 5b-dihydrobenzo-[3,4]-cyclobutaoxirene (6) were isolated together with four known compounds, 5-[3"-(1c-methylbutanoyloxy)propyl]-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-benzofuran (4), 5-[3"-(1c-methylbutanoyloxy)propyl]-7- methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-benzofuran (3), 5-(3"-acetoxypropyl)-7-methoxy2-(3',4'-methylenedioxphenyl)-benzofuran (2) and 5-(3"-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-met hylenedioxyphenyl)-benzofuran (1). Although the compounds 1, 2, and 3 have been isolated previously from the seeds of Styrax obassia, this is the first record of their isolation from seeds of Styrax officinalis. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1D- and 2D-NMR (HMBC, HMQC, COSY), FABMS and high-resolution ESI FTMS. 相似文献
60.
Effects of GA3 and IBA on rooting and on the sprouting of buds on stem cuttings of Ipomoea fistulosa
Both IBA and GA3 enhance rooting, IBA being more effective particularlyat a concentration of 100 mg/liter as compared to 10 mg/liter.IBA decreases while GA3 increases the sprouting of buds, withboth effects increasing with concentration. GA3-caused promotionof rooting appears to be due to an increased synthesis of auxinand to an adequate supply of mobilized food materials.
1 Present address: Department of Biology, University of Missouri,St. Louis, U.S.A. (Received January 26, 1972; ) 相似文献