全文获取类型
收费全文 | 450篇 |
免费 | 42篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 32篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有492条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
J A Bertrand G Auger L Martin E Fanchon D Blanot D Le Beller J van Heijenoort O Dideberg 《Journal of molecular biology》1999,289(3):579-590
UDP -N- acetylmuramoyl- L -alanine: D -glutamate (MurD) ligase catalyses the addition of d -glutamate to the nucleotide precursor UDP -N- acetylmuramoyl- L -alanine (UMA). The crystal structures of three complexes of Escherichia coli MurD with a variety of substrates and products have been determined to high resolution. These include (1) the quaternary complex of MurD, the substrate UMA, the product ADP, and Mg2+, (2) the quaternary complex of MurD, the substrate UMA, the product ADP, and Mn2+, and (3) the binary complex of MurD with the product UDP - N- acetylmuramoyl- L -alanine- D -glutamate (UMAG). The reaction mechanism supported by these structures proceeds by the phosphorylation of the C-terminal carboxylate group of UMA by the gamma-phosphate group of ATP to form an acyl-phosphate intermediate, followed by the nucleophilic attack by the amino group of D-glutamate to produce UMAG. A key feature in the reaction intermediate is the presence of two magnesium ions bridging negatively charged groups. 相似文献
72.
73.
Gabrielle Kang-Auger Michaël Chass Caroline Quach Aimina Ayoub Nathalie Auger 《The Yale journal of biology and medicine》2021,94(4):573
Background: Pregnancy-related risk factors for necrotizing fasciitis are poorly understood. We investigated pregnancy-related characteristics associated with the long-term risk of developing necrotizing fasciitis, a rare life-threatening infectious disease. Methods: We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of 1,344,996 parous women in Quebec, Canada between 1989 and 2020. The main exposure measures included complications of pregnancy such as gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, metabolic disorder, and other maternal characteristics. We followed the women over time to identify future hospitalizations for necrotizing fasciitis up to three decades after delivery. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of pregnancy characteristics with risk of necrotizing fasciitis in time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: A total of 420 women were hospitalized for necrotizing fasciitis during follow-up, including 83 (19.8%) with diabetes-related necrotizing fasciitis. The incidence of necrotizing fasciitis was elevated for women with gestational diabetes (2.9 per 100,000 person-years), preterm delivery (3.2 per 100,000 person-years), and metabolic disorders (5.4 per 100,000 person-years), compared with no pregnancy complication (1.1 per 100,000 person-years). Compared with no pregnancy complication, gestational diabetes was associated with 1.87 times the risk (95% CI 1.38-2.53), preterm delivery with 2.10 times the risk (95% CI 1.65-2.66), and metabolic disorder with 3.72 times the risk (95% CI 2.92-4.74) of developing necrotizing fasciitis over time. Pregnancy complications were more strongly associated with the risk of necrotizing fasciitis 5 years or more after delivery. Conclusions: Complications of pregnancy may be associated with the long-term risk of necrotizing fasciitis in women. 相似文献
74.
A hidden Markov movement model for rapidly identifying behavioral states from animal tracks
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Ecology and evolution》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Kim Whoriskey Marie Auger‐Méthé Christoffer M. Albertsen Frederick G. Whoriskey Thomas R. Binder Charles C. Krueger Joanna Mills Flemming 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(7):2112-2121
Electronic telemetry is frequently used to document animal movement through time. Methods that can identify underlying behaviors driving specific movement patterns can help us understand how and why animals use available space, thereby aiding conservation and management efforts. For aquatic animal tracking data with significant measurement error, a Bayesian state‐space model called the first‐Difference Correlated Random Walk with Switching (DCRWS) has often been used for this purpose. However, for aquatic animals, highly accurate tracking data are now becoming more common. We developed a new hidden Markov model (HMM) for identifying behavioral states from animal tracks with negligible error, called the hidden Markov movement model (HMMM). We implemented as the basis for the HMMM the process equation of the DCRWS, but we used the method of maximum likelihood and the R package TMB for rapid model fitting. The HMMM was compared to a modified version of the DCRWS for highly accurate tracks, the DCRWS, and to a common HMM for animal tracks fitted with the R package moveHMM. We show that the HMMM is both accurate and suitable for multiple species by fitting it to real tracks from a grey seal, lake trout, and blue shark, as well as to simulated data. The HMMM is a fast and reliable tool for making meaningful inference from animal movement data that is ideally suited for ecologists who want to use the popular DCRWS implementation and have highly accurate tracking data. It additionally provides a groundwork for development of more complex modeling of animal movement with TMB. To facilitate its uptake, we make it available through the R package swim. 相似文献
75.
76.
We consider a host-parasitoid system with individuals moving on a square grid of patches. We study the effects of increasing movement frequency of hosts and parasitoids on the spatial dynamics of the system. We show that there exists a threshold value of movement frequency above which spatial synchrony occurs and the dynamics of the system can be described by an aggregated model governing the total population densities on the grid. Numerical simulations show that this threshold value is usually small. This allows using the aggregated model to make valid predictions about global host-parasitoid spatial dynamics. 相似文献
77.
78.
The authors implemented a PCR protocol to rapidly screen for Pasteurella pneumotropica and to accurately identify contaminated laboratory mice in a clinical setting. This protocol was implemented in response to a severe outbreak of P. pneumotropica in their animal facility. Although a sentinel program was in place to routinely screen for P. pneumotropica, it was inadequate for the identification of contaminated animals. As a result, several additional strains of mice were contaminated and developed clinical signs of infection. The authors implemented a screening method using PCR with reported primer pairs previously developed to identify the biotype isolates of P. pneumotropica in laboratory mice. Throat culture swabs were collected from live mice and placed in a bacterial culture. The DNA from these cultures was isolated and screened by PCR. This procedure enabled the authors to eliminate P. pneumotropica from several animal housing rooms. The assay can be easily applied in most animal facilities. 相似文献
79.
Taxonomic misidentification of the specimens used to obtain DNA sequences is a growing problem reported for different groups
of organisms, which threatens the utility of the deposited sequences in public DNA databases. This paper provides new evidence
of misidentifications in molecular DNA public databases in phytophagous mites of the Tetranychidae family belonging to the
group Tetranychus (Tetranychus). Several species in this group are of economic and quarantine importance in agriculture and among them Tetranychus urticae, a highly polyphagous mite causing outbreaks in many crops worldwide, is certainly the most studied. We analyzed and evaluated
the identity of 105 GenBank accessions of ITS2 rDNA and 138 COI mtDNA sequences which were deposited as T. urticae and those of 14 other taxa morphologically closely related to Tetranychus sensu stricto. In addition, ITS2 and COI sequences of 18 T. urticae samples collected for this study and identified by morphological criteria, were generated and included in the analyzed dataset.
Among the deposited sequences in the GenBank database, numerous cases of apparently mistaken identities were identified in
the group Tetranychus s. str., especially between T. urticae, T. cinnabarinus, T. kanzawai and T. truncatus. Unreliable sequences (misidentified or dubious) were estimated at nearly 30%. In particular the analysis supports the invalidity
of the controversial species status of T. cinnabarinus. More generally, it highlights the need of using combined morphological and molecular approaches to guarantee solid species
diagnostics for reliable sequence accessions in public databases. 相似文献
80.
The immunopathogenic mechanisms mediating inflammation in multiorgan autoimmune diseases may vary between the different target tissues. We used the K/BxN TCR transgenic mouse model to investigate the contribution of CD4(+) T cells and β(2) integrins in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis and endocarditis. Depletion of CD4(+) T cells following the onset of arthritis specifically prevented the development of cardiac valve inflammation. Genetic absence of β(2) integrins had no effect on the severity of arthritis and unexpectedly increased the extent of cardiovascular pathology. The exaggerated cardiac phenotype of the β(2) integrin-deficient K/BxN mice was accompanied by immune hyperactivation and was linked to a defect in regulatory T cells. These findings are consistent with a model in which the development of arthritis in K/BxN mice relies primarily on autoantibodies, whereas endocarditis depends on an additional contribution of effector T cells. Furthermore, strategies targeting β(2) integrins for the treatment of systemic autoimmune conditions need to consider not only the role of these molecules in leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation, but also their impact on the regulation of immunological tolerance. 相似文献