全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1446篇 |
免费 | 157篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 60篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 94篇 |
2011年 | 101篇 |
2010年 | 75篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 89篇 |
2007年 | 98篇 |
2006年 | 91篇 |
2005年 | 88篇 |
2004年 | 91篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1603条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
11.
12.
Robert M. Mader Blanka Rizovski Günther G. Steger Hugo Rainer Reinelde Proprentner Rainer Kotz 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1993,613(2)
An high-performance liquid chromatographic method with column switching for the detection of less than 4 ng of methotrexate in the urine of oncologic nurses is described. Urine samples were purified by solid-phase extraction on silica-bonded phenyl columns, eluting impurities with ethyl acetate. After elution from the column, the analyte was concentrated ten-fold, evaporating the solvent. On a strong anion-exchange column (Nucleosil 100 SB), methotrexate was separated from the remaining interfering substances, was then switched to a reversed-phase column (LiChrospher 100 RP-18e), and finally eluted by a linear gradient in a solvent system consisting of ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.7) and acetonitrile. Absorbance was monitored at 310 nm. This method has proved to be suitable for detecting traces of methotrexate in urine in order to individualize risks and to reduce further the occupational safety hazard for hospital personnel. 相似文献
13.
Kiara Franke Lisa C. Matthes Angelika Graiff Ulf Karsten Inka Bartsch 《Journal of phycology》2023,59(3):518-537
Coastal kelp forests produce substantial marine carbon due to high annual net primary production (NPP) rates, but upscaling of NPP estimates over time and space remains difficult. We investigated the impact of variable underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and photosynthetic parameters on photosynthetic oxygen production of Laminaria hyperborea, the dominant NE-Atlantic kelp species, throughout summer 2014. Collection depth of kelp had no effect on chlorophyll a content, pointing to a high photoacclimation potential of L. hyperborea towards incident light. However, chlorophyll a and photosynthesis versus irradiance parameters differed significantly along the blade gradient when normalized to fresh mass, potentially introducing large uncertainties in NPP upscaling to whole thalli. Therefore, we recommend a normalization to kelp tissue area, which is stable over the blade gradient. Continuous PAR measurements revealed a highly variable underwater light climate at our study site (Helgoland, North Sea) in summer 2014, reflected by PAR attenuation coefficients (Kd) between 0.28 and 0.87 m−1. Our data highlight the importance of continuous underwater light measurements or representative average values using a weighted Kd to account for large PAR variability in NPP calculations. Strong winds in August increased turbidity, resulting in a negative carbon balance at depths >3–4 m over several weeks, considerably impacting kelp productivity. Estimated daily summer NPP over all four depths was 1.48 ± 0.97 g C · m−2 seafloor · d−1 for the Helgolandic kelp forest, which is in the range of other kelp forests along European coastlines. 相似文献
14.
Bettina Schmidt Thomas Tradler Jens-U. Rahfeld Birgit Ludwig Bunty Jain Karlheinz Mann K. Peter Rücknagel Bernhard Janowski Angelika Schierhorn Gerhard Küllertz Jörg Hacker Gunter Fischer 《Molecular microbiology》1996,21(6):1147-1160
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of a severe form of pneumonia in humans (Legionnaires’disease). A major virulence factor, the Mip protein (FK506-binding protein, FKBP25mem), belongs to the enzyme family of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases). Here we show that L. pneumophila Philadelphia I possesses an additional cytoplasmic PPiase at a level of enzyme activity comparable to that of FKBP25mem. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was obtained by Edman degradation and showed that the protein is a member of the cyclophilin family of PPIases. The Icy gene (Legionella cycophn) was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a putative 164-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 17 968 Da called L. pneumophila cyclophilin 18 (L. p. Cyp18). Amino acid sequence comparison displays considerable similarity to the cytoplasmic and the periplasmic cyclophilins of Escherichia coll with 60.5% and 51.5% identity, respectively. The substrate specificity and inhibition by cyclosporin A revealed a pattern that is typically found for other bacterial cyclophilins. An L. pneumophila Cyp18 derivative with a 19-amino-acid polypeptide extension including a 6-histi-dine tag and an enterokinase cleavage site exhibits 相似文献
15.
Abstract: Stimulation of chick sympathetic neurons in culture by the cholinergic agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (all at 10–1,000 µmol/L) induced concentration-dependent increases of free calcium levels measured by fura 2 fluorescence in neuronal processes. The response evoked by acetylcholine had both nicotinic and muscarinic components, whereas that induced by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium was purely nicotinic. Tetrodotoxin (0.3 µmol/L) blocked completely the increase of intraterminal free calcium level evoked by electrical stimulation. On the other hand, stimulation with 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium still evoked 20–25% of the control response in the presence of tetrodotoxin. The concentration-response relationship of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium stimulation did not differ in the absence and in the presence of tetrodotoxin. The nicotinic antagonists d -tubocurarine (10 µmol/L) and mecamylamine (10 µmol/L), but not α-bungarotoxin (125 nmol/L), prevented the increase of intraterminal free calcium level evoked by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (100 µmol/L) in the presence of tetrodotoxin. These observations indicate the presence of nicotinic receptors on neuronal processes that increase the intraterminal concentration of free calcium and probably modulate transmitter release. Their pharmacological properties are similar to those of nicotinic receptors located on neuronal cell bodies. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
tRNA genes and pathogenicity islands: influence on virulence and metabolic properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
19.
In Halobacterium halobium, nicotine is known to block the synthesis of retinal. Cells grown in the presence of nicotine do not show any photophobic response. Addition of retinal1 or retinal2 restored the photophobic responses to light-increase in the UV and to light-decrease in the green-yellow part of the spectrum. The action spectra of the two retinal2-photosystems were red-shifted by 15–20 nm, compared with the corresponding retinal1 systems. We conclude that each of the two photosystems, PS 370 and PS 565, has its own photosensory pigment with retinal as the chromophoric group. 相似文献
20.
Electrophoretic variation characterized by the presence (ES-5B+) or absence (ES-5B–) of esterase-5B in the plasma of the house mouse has been observed. It is suggested that the expression of esterase-5B is controlled by an autosomal locus, Esr, linked to Ldr-1 on chromosome 6, in addition to the presumptive structural locus Es-5, which is located on chromosome 8. A gene order of Lyt-3-Esr-Ldr-1 was determined by two crosses.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 46).This is communication No. 33 of a research program devoted to the investigation of cellular distribution and genetics of nonspecific esterases. 相似文献