全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7920篇 |
免费 | 541篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 47篇 |
2022年 | 84篇 |
2021年 | 140篇 |
2020年 | 81篇 |
2019年 | 118篇 |
2018年 | 144篇 |
2017年 | 140篇 |
2016年 | 240篇 |
2015年 | 396篇 |
2014年 | 448篇 |
2013年 | 497篇 |
2012年 | 738篇 |
2011年 | 706篇 |
2010年 | 448篇 |
2009年 | 412篇 |
2008年 | 568篇 |
2007年 | 481篇 |
2006年 | 457篇 |
2005年 | 367篇 |
2004年 | 393篇 |
2003年 | 371篇 |
2002年 | 345篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 58篇 |
1998年 | 74篇 |
1997年 | 56篇 |
1996年 | 59篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 46篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有8463条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
111.
Emma Bell Angela Sherry Giovanni Pilloni Ana Suárez-Suárez Margaret A. Cramm Guillermo Cueto Ian M. Head Casey R. J. Hubert 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(1):456-465
Thermophilic endospores are widespread in cold marine sediments where the temperature is too low to support growth and activity of thermophiles in situ. These endospores are likely expelled from warm subsurface environments and subsequently dispersed by ocean currents. The endospore upper temperature limit for survival is 140°C, which can be tolerated in repeated short exposures, potentially enabling transit through hot crustal fluids. Longer-term thermal tolerance of endospores, and how long they could persist in an environment hotter than their maximum growth temperature, is less understood. To test whether thermophilic endospores can survive prolonged exposure to high temperatures, sediments were incubated at 80–90°C for 6, 12 or 463 days. Sediments were then cooled by 10–40°C, mimicking the cooling in subsurface oil reservoirs subjected to seawater injection. Cooling the sediments induced sulfate reduction, coinciding with an enrichment of endospore-forming Clostridia. Different Desulfofundulus, Desulfohalotomaculum, Desulfallas, Desulfotomaculum and Desulfofarcimen demonstrated different thermal tolerances, with some Desulfofundulus strains surviving for >1 year at 80°C. In an oil reservoir context, heat-resistant endospore-forming sulfate-reducing bacteria have a survival advantage if they are introduced to, or are resident in, an oil reservoir normally too hot for germination and growth, explaining observations of reservoir souring following cold seawater injection. 相似文献
112.
Júlia R. de Rezende Thomas B. P. Oldenburg Tetyana Korin William D. L. Richardson Milovan Fustic Carolyn M. Aitken Bernard F. J. Bowler Angela Sherry Alexander Grigoryan Gerrit Voordouw Stephen R. Larter Ian M. Head Casey R. J. Hubert 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(8):3049-3065
Most of the oil in low temperature, non-uplifted reservoirs is biodegraded due to millions of years of microbial activity, including via methanogenesis from crude oil. To evaluate stimulating additional methanogenesis in already heavily biodegraded oil reservoirs, oil sands samples were amended with nutrients and electron acceptors, but oil sands bitumen was the only organic substrate. Methane production was monitored for over 3000 days. Methanogenesis was observed in duplicate microcosms that were unamended, amended with sulfate or that were initially oxic, however methanogenesis was not observed in nitrate-amended controls. The highest rate of methane production was 0.15 μmol CH4 g−1 oil d−1, orders of magnitude lower than other reports of methanogenesis from lighter crude oils. Methanogenic Archaea and several potential syntrophic bacterial partners were detected following the incubations. GC–MS and FTICR–MS revealed no significant bitumen alteration for any specific compound or compound class, suggesting that the very slow methanogenesis observed was coupled to bitumen biodegradation in an unspecific manner. After 3000 days, methanogenic communities were amended with benzoate resulting in methanogenesis rates that were 110-fold greater. This suggests that oil-to-methane conversion is limited by the recalcitrant nature of oil sands bitumen, not the microbial communities resident in heavy oil reservoirs. 相似文献
113.
Stefano Potter Kylen Solvik Angela Erb Scott J. Goetz Jill F. Johnstone Michelle C. Mack James T. Randerson Miguel O. Romn Crystal L. Schaaf Merritt R. Turetsky Sander Veraverbeke Xanthe J. Walker Zhuosen Wang Richard Massey Brendan M. Rogers 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(3):1592-1607
Fire is a primary disturbance in boreal forests and generates both positive and negative climate forcings. The influence of fire on surface albedo is a predominantly negative forcing in boreal forests, and one of the strongest overall, due to increased snow exposure in the winter and spring months. Albedo forcings are spatially and temporally heterogeneous and depend on a variety of factors related to soils, topography, climate, land cover/vegetation type, successional dynamics, time since fire, season, and fire severity. However, how these variables interact to influence albedo is not well understood, and quantifying these relationships and predicting postfire albedo becomes increasingly important as the climate changes and management frameworks evolve to consider climate impacts. Here we developed a MODIS‐derived ‘blue sky’ albedo product and a novel machine learning modeling framework to predict fire‐driven changes in albedo under historical and future climate scenarios across boreal North America. Converted to radiative forcing (RF), we estimated that fires generate an annual mean cooling of ?1.77 ± 1.35 W/m2 from albedo under historical climate conditions (1971–2000) integrated over 70 years postfire. Increasing postfire albedo along a south–north climatic gradient was offset by a nearly opposite gradient in solar insolation, such that large‐scale spatial patterns in RF were minimal. Our models suggest that climate change will lead to decreases in mean annual postfire albedo, and hence a decreasing strength of the negative RF, a trend dominated by decreased snow cover in spring months. Considering the range of future climate scenarios and model uncertainties, we estimate that for fires burning in the current era (2016) the cooling effect from long‐term postfire albedo will be reduced by 15%–28% due to climate change. 相似文献
114.
115.
116.
117.
Beylergil Sinem Balta Murray Jordan Noecker Angela M. Gupta Palak Kilbane Camilla McIntyre Cameron C. Shaikh Aasef G. Ghasia Fatema F. 《Journal of computational neuroscience》2021,49(3):345-356
Journal of Computational Neuroscience - Miniature yoked eye movements, fixational saccades, are critical to counteract visual fading. Fixational saccades are followed by a return saccades forming... 相似文献
118.
Peña Claudia Civit Bárbara Gallego-Schmid Alejandro Druckman Angela Pires Armando Caldeira- Weidema Bo Mieras Eric Wang Feng Fava Jim Canals Llorenç Milà i Cordella Mauro Arbuckle Peter Valdivia Sonia Fallaha Sophie Motta Wladmir 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2021,26(2):215-220
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - The current global interest in circular economy (CE) opens an opportunity to make society’s consumption and production patterns more... 相似文献
119.
120.
Antônio B. Anderson Thiago M. J. Fiuza Gabriel S. Araujo Angela M. Canterle Luiza M. C. Canto Renato H. A. Freitas Otto B. F. Gadig Sergio R. Floeter 《Journal of fish biology》2021,99(6):2030-2034
Brazilian endemic batoid elasmobranch populations have declined dramatically in the past 40 years due to anthropic activities (e.g., overfishing). The Brazilian guitarfish, Pseudobatos horkelii, included in the IUCN red list of endangered species [Critically Endangered (CR)], has been captured as by-catch by trawling fishing boats to the edge of extinction. Despite governmental conservation initiatives, the species is still caught and commercialized along the Brazilian coast. In this study, the authors report three rare aggregation events for the Brazilian coast of P. horkelii, inside the only nearshore no-entry Brazilian marine protected area. Strategies for its protection are also discussed. 相似文献