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251.
Daughter cells of the chlorococcal algaScenedesmus quadricauda incubated under photosynthesizing conditions in a nitrogen-free medium did not make any progress in the cell cycle. Photosynthetic
starch formation continued for a period corresponding to a half of the cell cycle and then levelled off. Protein synthesis
was very slow and it did not surpass double the initial amount. RNA content decayed from the start of treatment and approached
about 2 pg/cell.
When a synchronous population was deprived of nitrogen or of light in the middle of the cell cycle RNA synthesis stopped immediately
or very soon afterwards and, in spite ofabundant intracellular nitrogen reserves, RNA content slowly declined. This degradation
was much extensive in nitrogen starved cells where, eventually, the RNA content attained about half the starting value. In
both experimental variants, DNA replications started at the same time as in control culture, but the final amount of DNA attained
only half the control value. Protein synthesis stopped immediately in the dark. In the nitrogen-starved cells, it continued
for several hours and protein content increased about 70 % of the amount present at the start of starvation. The number of
daughter cells formed was proportional to the final protein content in the nitrogen-and light-deprived cells (corresponding
division numbers were 6 and 4, respectively). Upon refeeding of daughter cells formed under nitrogen starvation, RNA synthesis
started immediately, while protein synthesis displayed a lag of about 5 h. DNA replications were triggered at the time when
the ratio of RNA to DNA content attained the same value as in the control culture. 相似文献
252.
253.
Svitel J Tkác J Vostiar I Navrátil M Stefuca V Bucko M Gemeiner P 《Biotechnology letters》2006,28(24):2003-2010
Bacteria belonging to the genus Acetobacter and Gluconobacter, and enzymes isolated from them, have been extensively used for biosensor construction in the last decade. Bacteria used
as a biocatalyst are easy to prepare and use in amperometric biosensors. They contain multiple enzyme activities otherwise
not available commercially. The range of compounds analyzable by Gluconobacter biosensors includes: mono- and poly-alcohols, multiple aldoses and ketoses, several disaccharides, triacylglycerols, and
complex parameters like utilizable saccharides or biological O2 demand. Here, the recent trends in Gluconobacter biosensors and current practical applications are summarized.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
254.
Oldřich Šebesta 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2013,49(3):272-280
The presence of the thermophilic species Anopheles hyrcanus in the lower Dyje River basin has been regularly monitored since 2008. Mosquito trapping has been conducted mainly in summer using EVS traps with CO2 as attractant. Anopheles hyrcanus and Culex modestus were studied in a group of ponds near the Czech–Austrian border. At the Sedlec location, occurrence of An. hyrcanus was low during 2008–2011, with around 1–9 individuals/trap/collection day. At the Lednice location on the edge of Mlýnský Pond, the first capture of An. hyrcanus occurred in 2010. In 2013, there was a sudden increase in the An. hyrcanus mosquito at all monitored locations. The largest presence was recorded at Sedlec and reached 524.4 individuals/trap/collection day. Culex modestus was one of the predominant species throughout the period. At Sedlec, the smallest finding was in 2009 (at 9.6 individuals) while the greatest was in 2010 (at 988.6 individuals/trap/collection day). At Lednice, the smallest finding was in 2011 (at 56.3 individuals) while the largest was in 2013 (at 3850 individuals/trap/collection day). 相似文献
255.
The activities of lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and elastase were lower in PMNs and AMs from GF and AF Minnesota miniature piglets than in the leukocytes from their CONV counterparts. In the spleen and serum of gnotobiotic piglets only the levels of lysozyme were slightly reduced. Substantially depressed activities of these LEs were found also in PMNs from precolostral piglets in comparison with PMNs from their CONV mother. The bisassociation of GF piglets with Enterococcus liquefaciens and Escherichia coli caused an increase of LE activities in their AMs, spleens, and sera. Fewer LEs were released after phygocytic stimulation with zymosan from PMNs of GF, AF, and precolostral piglets than from PMNs of CONV animals of the same age. These data suggest that the antigenic-microbial stimulation is important for the development of normal lysosomal enzyme activities in PMNs and AMs from gnotobiotic animals. 相似文献
256.
257.
Summary
Azotobacter chroococcum was grown in continuous culture at two temperatures (30 °C and 20 °C) and different dissolved oxygen tensions (DOT) (30 % to 40 % and 70 % to 80 % of air saturation), respectively. At the temperature of 30 °C and low DOT a relatively high volumetric productivity and efficiency of nitrogen fixation were obtained. After lowering the temperature to 20 °C, an intensive formation of cysts was observed associated with a drastic decrease of the bacterial growth. Bacteria in the form of cysts kept their physiological activity for a long period of time depending on temperature and preparation. 相似文献
258.
Ursula Pieper Narayanan Eswar Ashley C. Stuart Valentin A. Ilyin Andrej Sali 《Nucleic acids research》2002,30(1):255-259
MODBASE (http://guitar.rockefeller.edu/modbase) is a relational database of annotated comparative protein structure models for all available protein sequences matched to at least one known protein structure. The models are calculated by MODPIPE, an automated modeling pipeline that relies on PSI-BLAST, IMPALA and MODELLER. MODBASE uses the MySQL relational database management system for flexible and efficient querying, and the MODVIEW Netscape plugin for viewing and manipulating multiple sequences and structures. It is updated regularly to reflect the growth of the protein sequence and structure databases, as well as improvements in the software for calculating the models. For ease of access, MODBASE is organized into different datasets. The largest dataset contains models for domains in 304 517 out of 539 171 unique protein sequences in the complete TrEMBL database (23 March 2001); only models based on significant alignments (PSI-BLAST E-value < 10–4) and models assessed to have the correct fold are included. Other datasets include models for target selection and structure-based annotation by the New York Structural Genomics Research Consortium, models for prediction of genes in the Drosophila melanogaster genome, models for structure determination of several ribosomal particles and models calculated by the MODWEB comparative modeling web server. 相似文献
259.
Viktor Demko Andrej Pavlovič Danka Valková L’udmila Slováková Bernhard Grimm Ján Hudák 《Planta》2009,230(1):165-176
Light-independent chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis is a prerequisite for the assembly of photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes
in the dark. Dark-grown Larix decidua Mill. seedlings synthesize Chl only in the early developmental stages and their Chl level rapidly declines during the subsequent
development. Our analysis of the key regulatory steps in Chl biosynthesis revealed that etiolation of initially green dark-grown
larch cotyledons is connected with decreasing content of glutamyl-tRNA reductase and reduced 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesizing
capacity. The level of the Chl precursor protochlorophyllide also declined in the developing larch cotyledons. Although the
genes chlL, chlN and chlB encoding subunits of the light-independent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase were constitutively expressed in the larch
seedlings, the accumulation of the ChlB subunit was developmentally regulated and ChlB content decreased in the fully developed
cotyledons. The efficiency of chlB RNA-editing was also reduced in the mature dark-grown larch seedlings. In contrast to larch, dark-grown seedlings of Picea abies (L.) Karst. accumulate Chl throughout their whole development and show a different control of ChlB expression. Analysis of
the plastid ultrastructure, photosynthetic proteins by Western blotting and photosynthetic parameters by gas exchange and
Chl fluorescence measurements provide additional experimental proofs for differences between dark and light Chl biosynthesis
in spruce and larch seedlings. 相似文献
260.
BHK cells transfected with human cathepsin D (CD) cDNA normally segregate the autologous hamster cathepsin D while secreting a large proportion of the human proenzyme. In the present work, we have utilized these transfectants to examine to what extent the mannose-6-phosphate-dependent pathway for lysosomal enzyme segregation contributes to the differential sorting of human and hamster CD. We report that, in recipient control BHK cells, the rate of mannose-6-phosphate-dependent endocytosis of human procathepsin D secreted by transfected BHK cells is lower than that of hamster procathepsin D and much lower than that of human arylsulphatase A. The missorted human enzyme bears phosphorylated oligosaccharides and most of its phosphate residues are “uncovered”, like the autologous enzyme. Thus, despite both the Golgi-associated modifications of oligosaccharides, i.e. the phosphorylation of mannose and the uncovering of mannose-6-phosphate residues, which proceed on human and hamster procathepsin D with comparable efficiency, only the latter is accurately packaged into lysosomes. Ammonium chloride partially affects the lysosomal targeting of cathepsin D in control BHK cells, whereas in transfected cells, this drug strongly inhibits the maturation of human procathepsin D and slightly enhances its secretion. These data indicate that: (1) over-expression of a lysosomal protein does not saturate the Golgi-associated reactions leading to the synthesis of mannose-6-phosphate; (2) a portion of cathepsin D is targeted independently of mannose-6-phosphate receptors in the transfected BHK cells; and (3) whichever mechanism for lysosomal delivery of autologous procathepsin D is involved, this is not saturated by the high rate of expression of human cathepsin D. 相似文献