Restriction endonucleases: the detection of new producer strains and the isolation of enzyme preparations]

The method for analysis of microorganisms for the presence of the modification-restriction systems has been developed. The method has permitted to detect more than 10 new producing strains of restrictases including microorganisms of Rhizobium genus. Some of them are promising for practical use. It has been shown that using selection of clones the strain productivity can be increased. The purification process for the majority of restrictases has been proposed. Some physical and catalytic properties of new enzymes have been studied.     

Preliminary data on variation of four microsatellite loci in Pacific herring Clupea pallasii

Variation of microsatellite loci Cpa 10, Cpa 113, Cpa4, and Cpa7 was for the first time examined in Pacific-type herring Clupea pallasii from the White Sea (CI. pallasii marisalbi), the Kara Sea (CI. pallasii suworowi), the Sea of Okhotsk, and Lake Nerpich'e, Kamchatka Bay, northwestern Pacific (CI. pallasiipallasii). All loci exhibitedhigh genetic diversity. The estimates of expected heterozygosity varied from 41.5 to 95.6% (mean, 82%). The level of pairwise genetic differentiation Fst at all microsatellite loci varied from 0.005 to 0.076 (0.019, on average) and t was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in most of the pairs of herring samples. Estimates of genetic differentiation among the herring of one subspecies were lower than between the groups belonging to different subspecies.     

RESPONSE OF TRACHYDISCUS MINUTUS (XANTHOPHYCEAE) TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT1

The effects of different temperatures and light intensities on growth, pigments, sugars, lipids, and proteins, as well as on some antioxidant and proteolytic enzymes of Trachydiscus minutus (Bourr.) H. Ettl, were investigated. The optimum growth temperature and light intensity were 25°C and 2 × 132 μmol photons · m^?2 · s^?1, respectively. Under these conditions, proteins were the main biomass components (33.45% dry weight [dwt]), with high levels of carbohydrates (29% dwt) and lipids (21.77% dwt). T. minutus tolerated temperatures between 20°C and 32°C, with only moderate changes in cell growth and biochemical composition. Extremely low (15°C) and high (40°C) temperatures decreased chl and RUBISCO contents and inhibited cell growth. The biochemical response of the alga to both unfavorable conditions was an increase in lipid content (up to 35.19% dwt) and a decrease in carbohydrates (down to 13.64% dwt) with much less of a change in total protein content (in the range of 30.51%–38.13% dwt). At the same time, the defense system of T. minutus was regulated differently in response to heat or cold treatments. Generally, at 40°C, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and proteases were drastically elevated, and three polypeptides were overexpressed, whereas the glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (POD) activities were reduced. In contrast, at 15°C, all these enzymes except GR were suppressed. The effect of light was to enhance or decrease the temperature stress responses, depending on intensity. Our studies demonstrate the broad temperature adaptability of T. minutus as well as the potential for the production of valuable algal biomass.     

Adaptation to hyperthermia and changes in peripheral blood leukocytes in humans]

Heating humans up to rectal temperature 39.0-39.5 degrees C induces a heat stress and a physiological adaptation. Blood cells were found to produce nitric oxide under these conditions, neutrophiles playing a major role in the process. In our opinion, the HSC 70 takes part in the process of the long cell adaptation augmenting the cells' functional activity. Hyperthermia leads to a massive temporal HSP 72 expression in the blood mononuclears. This expression seems to be due to alterations in the cellular proteins and to oxidative stress.