Using FTA® cards to store avian blood samples for genetic studies. Their application in sex determination

FTA® cards were used for long‐term storage of avian blood samples. Blood DNA was extracted by a simple method and used in PCR for sex identification of adult and nestling Great Grey Shrikes Lanius excubitor.     

Iron metabolism in iron-deficient male quail

1. Male quails submitted 20 and 120 days to a low iron diet (7 ppm) were compared to female laying quails, exposed for 30 days to the same low iron regime, in order to compare the response of the iron metabolic control under a single (erythropoiesis) or a doubled (erythropoiesis and egg formation) iron demand. 2. Iron deposit in storage organs, the classical hematology and the intestinal iron absorption were analyzed in these animals. 3. In males, after 120 days, the iron deposits were reduced 50 and 75%, but hematological values (hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration) were normal, although in laying quails, after 30 days, an anemic condition was evident in both blood parameters and iron deposits, provoking an iron deficient erythropoiesis. 4. The enhancement of the intestinal iron uptake, confirms the anemic character of these birds.     

Vaccination of mice against murine coccidiosis by ingestion of surface proteins of Eimeria falciformis incorporated in liposomes

Proteins are released from the surface of sporozoites of Eimeria falciformis during their in vitro incubation in a detergent solution. Some of these proteins reacted with antibodies from infected mice and specifically stimulated the proliferation of mesenteric lymph node cells of these mice. Oral immunization of mice with liposome encapsulated sporozoite surface antigens protected mice against a challenge infection. Two proteins (M.W. 27 and 180 K) induced an antibody synthesis in these vaccinated mice.     

Variable modes of inheritance of morphometrical traits in hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.

We investigated body-size inheritance in interspecific sterile hybrids by crossing a Drosophila simulans strain with 13 strains of Drosophila melanogaster, which were of various origins and chosen for their broad range of genetic variation. A highly significant parent-offspring correlation was observed, showing that the D. melanogaster genes for size are still expressed in a hybrid background. Superimposed on to this additive inheritance, the size of hybrids was always less than the mid-parent value. This phenomenon, which at first sight might be described as dominance or overdominance, is more precisely interpreted as a consequence of a hybrid breakdown, that is, a dysfunction of the parental genes for size when put to work together. This interpretation is enforced by the fact that phenotypic variability was much more prevalent in hybrids than in parents. We also analysed body pigmentation inheritance in the same crosses and got a very different picture. There was no increase in the phenotypic variance of F(1) hybrids and only a low parent-offspring correlation. Apparent overdominance could be observed but in opposite directions, with no evidence of hybrid breakdown. Our data point to the possibility of analysing a diversity of quantitative traits in interspecific hybrids, and indicate that breakdown might be restricted to some traits only.     

Analogs of oxytocin containing a modified peptide bond

Analogs of deamino-oxytocin and deamino-oxypressin containing a CH2-NH group instead of an amide bond between positions 8 and 9 were synthesized. All tested compounds exhibit significantly lowered biological activities.     

Sex-biased dispersal promotes adaptive parental effects

Background  

In heterogeneous environments, sex-biased dispersal could lead to environmental adaptive parental effects, with offspring selected to perform in the same way as the parent dispersing least, because this parent is more likely to be locally adapted. We investigate this hypothesis by simulating varying levels of sex-biased dispersal in a patchy environment. The relative advantage of a strategy involving pure maternal (or paternal) inheritance is then compared with a strategy involving classical biparental inheritance in plants and in animals.     

Liver microsome phospholipids and cytochrome P.450 conceptration in phenobarbital treated rats fed on different diets

Liver microsomal concentration of cytochrome P.450 is increased in animals which are fed diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the effects of phenobarbital are more important when the dietary fat is more unsaturated. The unsaturation index in liver microsomal phosphatidylcholines depends on the unsaturation of the dietary fats. The treatment with phenobarbital constantly results in a decrease of the unsaturation index of fatty acids both in lecithins and cephalins. The importance of the liver microsomal cytochrome P.450 increase and the importance of the unsaturation index decrease in liver microsomal lecithins, both promoted by phenobarbital, are in good agreement.     

Introduction historique et critique à la notion de dépression en psychiatrie

The author describes the history of the concept of depression in modern psychiatry from the end of the Age of Enlightenment until today in three parts. In the first period (1793–1854), the opposition of general delusion (mania) and partial delusion (melancholia) prevails, without the problem of changes of the affective state being an issue. Only with the work of J. Guislain, and later of W. Griesinger, does the concept of mood disorders become a categorical form in mental pathology with the idea of psychological pain. The second period (1854–1926) is distinguished firstly by the works of J.P. Falret on circular insanity, and then those of V. Magnan, J. Ségnan, J. Séglas et Ph. Chaslin in France and E. Kraepelin in Germany. This period is characterized by the classical construction of periodic manicdepressive psychosis and takes into account the opposition of mania and melancholia. In the third period (1926–1977), the influences of phenomenology, psychoanalysis and structuralism predominate. Gradually melancholia loses its place at the core of this field, in favour of the concept of depression and this change now characterizes contemporary psychiatry.