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Allometric and nonallometric components of Drosophila wing shape respond differently to developmental temperature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Debat V Bégin M Legout H David JR 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2003,57(12):2773-2784
Phenotypic plasticity of wing size and shape of Drosophila simulans was analyzed across the entire range of viable developmental temperatures with Procrustes geometric morphometric method. In agreement with previous studies, size clearly decreases when temperature increases. Wing shape variation was decomposed into its allometric (24%) and nonallometric (76%) components, and both were shown to involve landmarks located throughout the entire wing blade. The allometric component basically revealed a progressive, monotonous variation along the temperature. Surprisingly, nonallometric shape changes were highly similar at both extremes of the thermal range, suggesting that stress, rather than temperature per se, is the key developmental factor affecting wing shape. 相似文献
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Lan YY Wang Z Raimondi G Wu W Colvin BL de Creus A Thomson AW 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2006,177(9):5868-5877
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Matthieu Amor Mickaël Tharaud Alexandre Gélabert Arash Komeili 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(3):823-831
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that mineralize dissolved iron into intracellular magnetic crystals. After cell death, these crystals are trapped into sediments that remove iron from the soluble pool. MTB may significantly impact the iron biogeochemical cycle, especially in the ocean where dissolved iron limits nitrogen fixation and primary productivity. A thorough assessment of their impact has been hampered by a lack of methodology to measure the amount of, and variability in, their intracellular iron content. We quantified the iron mass contained in single MTB cells of Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 using a time-resolved inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry methodology. Bacterial iron content depends on the external iron concentration, and reaches a maximum value of ~10−6 ng of iron per cell. From these results, we calculated the flux of dissolved iron incorporation into environmental MTB populations and conclude that MTB may mineralize a significant fraction of dissolved iron into crystals. 相似文献
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Maria A. Diuk‐Wasser Gwenaël Vourc'h Paul Cislo Anne Gatewood Hoen Forrest Melton Sarah A. Hamer Michelle Rowland Roberto Cortinas Graham J. Hickling Jean I. Tsao Alan G. Barbour Uriel Kitron Joseph Piesman Durland Fish 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2010,19(4):504-514
Aim Ixodes scapularis is the most important vector of human tick‐borne pathogens in the United States, which include the agents of Lyme disease, human babesiosis and human anaplasmosis, among others. The density of host‐seeking I. scapularis nymphs is an important component of human risk for acquiring Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease. In this study we used climate and field sampling data to generate a predictive map of the density of host‐seeking I. scapularis nymphs that can be used by the public, physicians and public health agencies to assist with the diagnosis and reporting of disease, and to better target disease prevention and control efforts. Location Eastern United States of America. Methods We sampled host‐seeking I. scapularis nymphs in 304 locations uniformly distributed east of the 100th meridian between 2004 and 2006. Between May and September, 1000 m2 were drag sampled three to six times per site. We developed a zero‐inflated negative binomial model to predict the density of host‐seeking I. scapularis nymphs based on altitude, interpolated weather station and remotely sensed data. Results Variables that had the strongest relationship with nymphal density were altitude, monthly mean vapour pressure deficit and spatial autocorrelation. Forest fragmentation and soil texture were not predictive. The best‐fit model identified two main foci – the north‐east and upper Midwest – and predicted the presence and absence of I. scapularis nymphs with 82% accuracy, with 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity. Areas of concordance and discordance with previous studies were discussed. Areas with high predicted but low observed densities of host‐seeking nymphs were identified as potential expansion fronts. Main conclusions This model is unique in its extensive and unbiased field sampling effort, allowing for an accurate delineation of the density of host‐seeking I. scapularis nymphs, an important component of human risk of infection for B. burgdorferi and other I. scapularis‐borne pathogens. 相似文献