全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4846篇 |
免费 | 179篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 83篇 |
2017年 | 79篇 |
2016年 | 95篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 107篇 |
2013年 | 195篇 |
2012年 | 420篇 |
2011年 | 627篇 |
2010年 | 275篇 |
2009年 | 72篇 |
2008年 | 416篇 |
2007年 | 389篇 |
2006年 | 332篇 |
2005年 | 304篇 |
2004年 | 232篇 |
2003年 | 231篇 |
2002年 | 170篇 |
2001年 | 67篇 |
2000年 | 146篇 |
1999年 | 75篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 10篇 |
1970年 | 9篇 |
1967年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有5026条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
I. Koleška D. Hasanagić V. Todorović S. Murtić I. Maksimović 《The Annals of applied biology》2018,172(2):187-196
Two commercial tomato cultivars were used to determine whether grafting could prevent decrease of fruit weight and quality under salt stress conditions. The cultivars Buran F1 and Berberana F1 were grafted onto rootstock ‘Maxifort’ and grown under three levels of elevated soil salinity (EC 3.80 dS m?1, 6.95 dS m?1 and 9.12 dS m?1). Fruit weight reduction of grafted plants was lower (about 20–30%) in comparison with non‐grafted ones. Salt stress at the second salinity level (EC 6.95 dS m?1) induced the highest alteration of examined growth and quality parameters. The total increase of phenols, flavonoids, ascorbate and lycopene content in the fruits of both grafted and non‐grafted plants for both cultivars had a similar trend and intensity, though some inter‐cultivar variation was observed. The possibility of grafting tomato plants to improve salt tolerance without fruit quality loss is discussed. 相似文献
62.
Characterisation of antioxidants in photosynthetic and non‐photosynthetic leaf tissues of variegated Pelargonium zonale plants 下载免费PDF全文
M. Vidović F. Morina S. Milić‐Komić A. Vuleta B. Zechmann Lj. Prokić S. Veljović Jovanović 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2016,18(4):669-680
Hydrogen peroxide is an important signalling molecule, involved in regulation of numerous metabolic processes in plants. The most important sources of H2O2 in photosynthetically active cells are chloroplasts and peroxisomes. Here we employed variegated Pelargonium zonale to characterise and compare enzymatic and non‐enzymatic components of the antioxidative system in autotrophic and heterotrophic leaf tissues at (sub)cellular level under optimal growth conditions. The results revealed that both leaf tissues had specific strategies to regulate H2O2 levels. In photosynthetic cells, the redox regulatory system was based on ascorbate, and on the activities of thylakoid‐bound ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) and catalase. In this leaf tissue, ascorbate was predominantly localised in the nucleus, peroxisomes, plastids and mitochondria. On the other hand, non‐photosynthetic cells contained higher glutathione content, mostly located in mitochondria. The enzymatic antioxidative system in non‐photosynthetic cells relied on the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and both Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Interestingly, higher content of ascorbate and glutathione, and higher activities of APX in the cytosol of non‐photosynthetic leaf cells compared to the photosynthetic ones, suggest the importance of this compartment in H2O2 regulation. Together, these results imply different regulation of processes linked with H2O2 signalling at subcellular level. Thus, we propose green‐white variegated leaves as an excellent system for examination of redox signal transduction and redox communication between two cell types, autotrophic and heterotrophic, within the same organ. 相似文献
63.
Barjaktarović Z Nordheim A Lamkemeyer T Fladerer C Madlung J Hampp R 《Journal of experimental botany》2007,58(15-16):4357-4363
In previous studies it has been shown that callus cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana respond to changes in gravitational field strengths by altered gene expression. In this study an investigation was carried out into how different g conditions affect the proteome of such cells. For this purpose, callus cells were exposed to 8 g (centrifugation) and simulated microgravity (2-D clinorotation: fast rotating clinostat, yielding 0.0016 g at maximum; and 3-D random positioning) for up to 16 h. Extracts containing total soluble protein were subjected to 2-D SDS-PAGE. Image analysis of Sypro Ruby-stained gels showed that approximately 28 spots reproducibly and significantly (P <0.05) changed in amount after 2 h of hypergravity (18 up- and 10 down-regulated). These spots were analysed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). In the case of 2-D clinorotation, 19 proteins changed in a manner similar to hypergravity, while random positioning affected only eight spots. Identified proteins were mainly stress related, and are involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, signalling, and calcium binding. Surprisingly, centrifugation and clinorotation showed homologies which were not detected for random positioning. The data indicate that simulation of weightlessness is different between clinorotation and random positioning. 相似文献
64.
65.
66.
Nešić Andrijana Čavić Milena Popović Milica Gavrović-Jankulović Marija 《Molecular biology reports》2021,48(5):4065-4072
Molecular Biology Reports - Actinidin (Act d 1), a highly abundant cysteine protease from kiwifruit, is one of the major contributors to the development of kiwifruit allergy. Many studies have... 相似文献
67.
Matić Ivana Z. Ergün Sercan Đorđić Crnogorac Marija Misir Sema Aliyazicioğlu Yüksel Damjanović Ana Džudžević-Čančar Hurija Stanojković Tatjana Konanç Kalbiye Petrović Nina 《Cytotechnology》2021,73(3):373-389
Cytotechnology - Six extracts were obtained from plant species Hypericum perforatum L., collected at Samsun in Turkey. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms of the anticancer activity... 相似文献
68.
Alexandru Paraschiv Thibaut J. Lagny Christian Vanhille Campos Evelyne Coudrier Patricia Bassereau Anđela Šarić 《Biophysical journal》2021,120(4):598-606
The cell membrane is an inhomogeneous system composed of phospholipids, sterols, carbohydrates, and proteins that can be directly attached to underlying cytoskeleton. The protein linkers between the membrane and the cytoskeleton are believed to have a profound effect on the mechanical properties of the cell membrane and its ability to reshape. Here, we investigate the role of membrane-cortex linkers on the extrusion of membrane tubes using computer simulations and experiments. In simulations, we find that the force for tube extrusion has a nonlinear dependence on the density of membrane-cortex attachments: at a range of low and intermediate linker densities, the force is not significantly influenced by the presence of the membrane-cortex attachments and resembles that of the bare membrane. For large concentrations of linkers, however, the force substantially increases compared with the bare membrane. In both cases, the linkers provided membrane tubes with increased stability against coalescence. We then pulled tubes from HEK cells using optical tweezers for varying expression levels of the membrane-cortex attachment protein Ezrin. In line with simulations, we observed that overexpression of Ezrin led to an increased extrusion force, while Ezrin depletion had a negligible effect on the force. Our results shed light on the importance of local protein rearrangements for membrane reshaping at nanoscopic scales. 相似文献
69.
Senka Vidović Alena Tomšik Jelena Vladić Stela Jokić Krunoslav Aladić Kristian Pastor Igor Jerković 《化学与生物多样性》2021,18(4):e2100058
The aim of this study was to extract Allium ursinum L. for the first time by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC−CO2) as green sustainable method. The impact of temperature in the range from 40 to 60 °C and pressure between 150 and 400 bar on the quality of the obtained extracts and efficiency of the extraction was investigated. The highest extraction yield (3.43 %) was achieved by applying the extraction conditions of 400 bar and 60 °C. The analysis of the extracts was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The most dominant sulfur-containing constituent of the extracts was allyl methyl trisulfide with the highest abundance at 350 bar and 50 °C. In addition, the presence of other pharmacologically potent sulfur compounds was recorded including S-methyl methanethiosulfinate, diallyl trisulfide, S-methyl methylthiosulfonate, and dimethyl trisulfide. Multivariate data analysis tool was utilized to investigate distributions of the identified compounds among the extracts obtained under various extraction conditions and yields. It was determined that the SC−CO2 extraction can by efficiently used for A. ursinum. 相似文献
70.
Abstract The present study examined a sub-Mediterranean pastoral system in the central Apennines (Italy) with a long history of grazing, where winter cold stress is alternated with summer drought stress. The research goals were to ascertain whether different floristic structures correspond to different stress conditions (xeric and semimesic), and whether peculiar functional plant traits (such as avoidance and tolerance mechanisms) respond to stress/disturbance intensities, and understand how vegetation reacts to changeable livestock pressure (through floristic and plant trait variations). Cluster analysis indicated that separate communities develop under different stress intensities. Other analyses highlighted how avoidance strategies predominate within the pastoral system. Observations of grazed and ungrazed patches conducted in 10-m transects revealed spiny cushion formation in semimesic grassland, where a brief period of overgrazing occurs in late summer, causing variations in plant community structure. All these results confirm the importance of historical grazing and current land use, showing how small disturbances and stress variations cause ecosystem responses. Best practices for management were identified. In xeric conditions, it is advisable that the intensity of disturbance be lessened, while in semimesic grassland overgrazing should be forbidden during the dry period, because it could facilitate the development of spiny patches, and subsequent spread of Brachypodium rupestre. 相似文献