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Craig R. Allen Ahjond S. Garmestani Jill A. LaBram Amanda E. Peck Luanna B. Prevost 《Biological invasions》2006,8(2):169-176
Woodlots are forest islands embedded within an urban matrix, and often represent the only natural areas remaining in suburban
areas. Woodlots represent critical conservation areas for native plants, and are important habitat for wildlife in urban areas.
Invasion by non-indigenous (NIS) plants can alter ecological structure and function, and may be especially severe in remnant
forests where NIS propagule pressure is high. Woody shrubs in the Family Berberidaceae have been well documented as invaders
of the forest–urban matrix in North America. Mahonia bealei (Berberidaceae) is a clonal shrub native to China, and is a popular ornamental in the Southeastern United States. Mahoni bealei is listed as “present” on some local and state floras, but almost nothing is known regarding its invasion potential in the
United States. We sampled 15 woodlots in Clemson, South Carolina, to assess the invasion of M. bealei and other woody non-indigenous species (NIS). M. bealei invaded 87% of the woodlots surveyed and species richness of NIS on these woodlots varied from 5 to 14. Stepwise-multiple
regression indicated that less canopy cover and older M. bealei predicted greater abundance of M. bealei , and that not all subdivisions were equally invaded (P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.88). The impact of M. bealei on native flora and fauna may be considerable, and it is likely to continue to spread in the Southeastern United States.
M. bealei should be recognized as an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States, with the potential for negative impacts
on native flora and fauna. 相似文献
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François Baneyx Amanda Ayling Terry Palumbo Daniel Thomas George Georgiou 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1991,36(1):14-20
Summary The expression of many secreted recombinant proteins in Gram-negative bacteria is limited by degradation in the periplasmic space. We have previously shown that the production of protein A--lactamase, a secreted fusion protein highly sensitive to proteolysis in Escherichia coli, can be increased in mutant strains deficient in up to three cell-envelope-associated proteolytic activities. In this work we investigated the effect of fermentation conditions on suppressing any residual proteolytic activity in various protease-deficient strains. Optimal production of the fusion protein was observed in cells grown under mildly acidic conditions (5.5pH6.0) and at low temperatures. These conditios were shown to specifically decrease the rate of proteolysis. In addition, a further increase in production was observed in cultures supplemented with 0.5 to 0.75 mM zinc chloride. This may relate to the inhibition of a cell envelope protease by Zn2+ ions.
Offsprint requests to: G. Georgiou 相似文献
6.
David J. Bunyan David O. Robinson Amanda L. Collins Annette E. Cockwell Hilary M. S. Bullman Paul A. Whittaker 《Human genetics》1994,93(5):541-544
The family of a male with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and a deletion within the dystrophin gene has been studied. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ectopic mRNA from peripheral blood T+B lymphocytes and the use of (CA)
n
repeat polymorphisms in and around the deleted region showed the proband's mother to be both a germline mosaic and a somatic mosaic for the deletion seen in her son. The mutation therefore occurred as a mitotic event early in embryogenesis. 相似文献
7.
Amanda dos Santos Marina Tenório Botelho Willian Reina Joviano Vicente Gomes José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro 《Invertebrate Biology》2023,142(1):e12394
Hemocytes are circulating blood cells that play a crucial function in amphipods and other crustacean immune systems. The hemocytes of the marine tropical amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis have been used for the evaluation of DNA damage and micronuclei, but they have not been characterized in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to describe the hemolymph cells of P. hawaiensis and study their phagocytotic activity. Basic dyes were used to differentiate the cell types and the presence of lipids. The total hemocyte counts (THCs) and the proportion and sizes of the hemocyte types were determined. Hemolymph was exposed to Escherichia coli for verification of the presence of phagocytosis. Three cell types, all containing lipids, were identified in P. hawaiensis: granulocytes (oval shape, 13.4 × 7.6 μm), semi-granulocytes (oval shape, 14.1 × 7.2 μm), and hyalinocytes (round shape, 9.6 × 7.2 μm). Those three cell types were found in different percentages in males (64.8%, 31.1%, and 4.2%) and females (70.1%, 28.2%, and 1.7%). THCs for males were 9007 ± 3800 cells per individual and 4695 ± 1892 cells per individual for females. The cells of E. coli were phagocytized by the hemocytes. Our findings increased the knowledge of hemocytes in P. hawaiensis and is a step forward in using hemocyte-based immune responses as an endpoint in ecotoxicology. 相似文献
8.
The assessment of cellular proliferation by immunohistochemistry: A review of currently available methods and their applications 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Summary Immunohistochemical methods using antibodies to cell cycle-related antigens may be used as a means of assessing various aspects of proliferation in tissue, and have the important advantage of preserving the spatial orientation of proliferating cells in histological sections. Currently, the most widely available antibodies for this purpose are antibodies to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki67 and antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). BrdU is a thymidine analogue incorporated during the S phase of the cell cycle, which can be introduced by in vivo administration or by in vitro incubation, and monoclonal antibodies are available to display its localization. Ki67 demonstrates a nuclear antigen expressed in all phases of the cell cycle, except G0 and early G1, but can only be applied to frozen tissue. PCNA is a nuclear antigen which is essential for DNA synthesis, two commercially available antibodies to PCNA work in paraffin-embedded tissue, but may have different staining characteristics under different conditions of fixation. The main advantages and disadvantages of these different techniques are discussed, together with their main applications to date. 相似文献
9.
Andrew Larkins Mieghan Bruce Carlotta Di Bari Brecht Devleesschauwer David M. Pigott Amanda Ash 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(7)
BackgroundTaenia solium is the most significant global foodborne parasite and the leading cause of preventable human epilepsy in low and middle-income countries in the form of neurocysticercosis.ObjectivesThis scoping review aimed to examine the methodology of peer-reviewed studies that estimate the burden of T. solium using disability-adjusted life years.Eligibility criteriaStudies must have calculated disability-adjusted life years relating to T. solium.Charting methodsThe review process was managed by a single reviewer using Rayyan. Published data relating to disease models, data sources, disability-adjusted life years, sensitivity, uncertainty, missing data, and key limitations were collected.Results15 studies were included for review, with seven global and eight national or sub-national estimates. Studies primarily employed attributional disease models that relied on measuring the occurrence of epilepsy before applying an attributable fraction to estimate the occurrence of neurocysticercosis-associated epilepsy. This method relies heavily on the extrapolation of observational studies across populations and time periods; however, it is currently required due to the difficulties in diagnosing neurocysticercosis. Studies discussed that a lack of data was a key limitation and their results likely underestimate the true burden of T. solium. Methods to calculate disability-adjusted life years varied across studies with differences in approaches to time discounting, age weighting, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. Such differences limit the ability to compare estimates between studies.ConclusionsThis review illustrates the complexities associated with T. solium burden of disease studies and highlights the potential need for a burden of disease reporting framework. The burden of T. solium is likely underestimated due to the challenges in diagnosing neurocysticercosis and a lack of available data. Advancement in diagnostics, further observational studies, and new approaches to parameterising disease models are required if estimates are to improve. 相似文献
10.
Swain A 《Current biology : CB》2002,12(17):R602-R603
Sex-determining genes have been identified in flies, worms and mammals but not, until recently, in non-mammalian vertebrates. Now, a gene has been isolated from the Y chromosome of the teleost fish medaka that is functionally comparable to the mammalian testis-determining gene, Sry. 相似文献