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891.
Freddy A. Medina Giselle Torres-Malavé Amanda J. Chase Gilberto A. Santiago Juan F. Medina Luis M. Santiago Jorge L. Mu?oz-Jordán 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(3)
Background/ObjectivesIn vitro studies have shown that dengue virus (DENV) can thwart the actions of interferon (IFN)-α/β and prevent the development of an antiviral state in infected cells. Clinical studies looking at gene expression in patients with severe dengue show a reduced expression of interferon stimulated genes compared to patients with dengue fever. Interestingly, there are conflicting reports as to the ability of DENV or other flaviviruses to inhibit IFN-α/β signaling.ConclusionsThe ability of DENVs to inhibit IFN-α/β signaling is conserved. Although some variation in the inhibition was observed, the moderate differences may be difficult to correlate with clinical outcomes. DENVs were unable to inhibit pSTAT1 in NHP cell lines, but their ability to inhibit pSTAT1 in primary Rhesus macaque dendritic cells suggests that this may be a cell specific phenomena or due to the transformed nature of the cell lines. 相似文献
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895.
Matrix quality and disturbance frequency drive evolution of species behavior at habitat boundaries
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Previous theoretical studies suggest that a species' landscape should influence the evolution of its dispersal characteristics, because landscape structure affects the costs and benefits of dispersal. However, these studies have not considered the evolution of boundary crossing, that is, the tendency of animals to cross from habitat to nonhabitat (“matrix”). It is important to understand this dispersal behavior, because of its effects on the probability of population persistence. Boundary‐crossing behavior drives the rate of interaction with matrix, and thus, it influences the rate of movement among populations and the risk of dispersal mortality. We used an individual‐based, spatially explicit model to simulate the evolution of boundary crossing in response to landscape structure. Our simulations predict higher evolved probabilities of boundary crossing in landscapes with more habitat, less fragmented habitat, higher‐quality matrix, and more frequent disturbances (i.e., fewer generations between local population extinction events). Unexpectedly, our simulations also suggest that matrix quality and disturbance frequency have much stronger effects on the evolution of boundary crossing than either habitat amount or habitat fragmentation. Our results suggest that boundary‐crossing responses are most affected by the costs of dispersal through matrix and the benefits of escaping local extinction events. Evolution of optimal behavior at habitat boundaries in response to the landscape may have implications for species in human‐altered landscapes, because this behavior may become suboptimal if the landscape changes faster than the species' evolutionary response to that change. Understanding how matrix quality and habitat disturbance drive evolution of behavior at boundaries, and how this in turn influences the extinction risk of species in human‐altered landscapes should help us identify species of conservation concern and target them for management. 相似文献
896.
A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan
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Ujjwal Bhaskar Anne M. Hickey Guoyun Li Ruchir V. Mundra Fuming Zhang Li Fu Chao Cai Zhimin Ou Jonathan S. Dordick Robert J. Linhardt 《Biotechnology progress》2015,31(5):1348-1359
The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost‐competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. Towards this goal, we have used 96‐well plate based screening for development of a chitosan‐based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N‐deacetylation/N‐sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan‐based purification on heparin product composition. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1348–1359, 2015 相似文献
897.
Efficient high‐throughput biological process characterization: Definitive screening design with the Ambr250 bioreactor system
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The burgeoning pipeline for new biologic drugs has increased the need for high‐throughput process characterization to efficiently use process development resources. Breakthroughs in highly automated and parallelized upstream process development have led to technologies such as the 250‐mL automated mini bioreactor (ambr250?) system. Furthermore, developments in modern design of experiments (DoE) have promoted the use of definitive screening design (DSD) as an efficient method to combine factor screening and characterization. Here we utilize the 24‐bioreactor ambr250? system with 10‐factor DSD to demonstrate a systematic experimental workflow to efficiently characterize an Escherichia coli (E. coli) fermentation process for recombinant protein production. The generated process model is further validated by laboratory‐scale experiments and shows how the strategy is useful for quality by design (QbD) approaches to control strategies for late‐stage characterization. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1388–1395, 2015 相似文献
898.
Use of random forest in FTIR analysis of LDL cholesterol and tri‐glycerides for hyperlipidemia
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A quantitative determination method for the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia was developed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Random forest (RF) was demonstrated as a potential multivariate algorithm for the FTIR analysis of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and tri‐glycerides (TG) in human serum samples. The informative wavebands for LDL‐C and TG were selected based on the Gini importance. The selected wavebands were mainly within the fingerprint region. The RF modeling results were better than those derived using PLS in validation process, because the chance for over‐fitting was possibly eliminated in RF algorithm. ARF also demonstrated favorable results in the test process. The prospective model exhibited a higher than 90% true prediction in negative/positive properties for male and female samples. These clinical statistical results indicated the optimization of RF algorithm performed accurately in the FTIR determination of LDL‐C and TG. RF is evaluated as a promising tool for diagnosing and controlling hyperlipidemia in populations. The parameter optimization methodology is useful in the improving model accuracy using FTIR spectroscopic technology. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1693–1702, 2015 相似文献
899.
一株高效四环素降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
四环素类抗生素在畜牧养殖业中广泛使用,但其结构复杂,难降解,容易在水环境中积蓄,进而对生态环境产生深远影响,许多国家已将抗生素污染列为重要的环境问题展开了相关的基础研究。近年来利用微生物降解环境中的抗生素污染物成为研究热点。采用选择性培养基,从某制药厂排污口的水样中分离筛选到1株具有较高降解四环素能力的菌株4002,经形态观察、生理生化测定和16S r DNA序列分析,将该菌初步鉴定为Advenella sp.。从p H、溶氧量、无机盐等方面对菌株降解四环素的性能进行研究。结果表明,该菌株降解四环素的适宜p H为7.0,在有氧条件下,30℃,150 r/min振荡培养6 d,可使初始浓度为50μg/m L四环素降解率达57.8%。无机盐对降解率有显著影响,添加Fe SO4和Mn SO4对四环素降解有促进作用,Mg SO4影响不大,Ca SO4则有抑制作用。在培养至第8天时,培养液经HPLC检测显示6.022 min处出现新的吸收峰,推测为降解产物。 相似文献
900.
Yiying Cai Hui Leck Tze Peng Lim Jocelyn Teo Winnie Lee Li Yang Hsu Tse Hsien Koh Thuan Tong Tan Thean-Yen Tan Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa 《PloS one》2015,10(10)