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101.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A promising cell‐based therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction
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Ayman El‐Sayed Shafei Mahmoud Ahmed Ali Hazem G. Ghanem Ahmed I. Shehata Ahmed A. Abdelgawad Hossam R. Handal Kareem A. Talaat Ahmed E. Ashaal Amal S. El‐Shal 《The journal of gene medicine》2017,19(12)
For decades, mesenchymal stem (MSCs) cells have been used for cardiovascular diseases as regenerative therapy. This review is an attempt to summarize the types of MSCs involved in myocardial infarction (MI) therapy, as well as its possible mechanisms effects, especially the paracrine one in MI focusing on the studies (human and animal) conducted within the last 10 years. Recently, reports showed that MSC therapy could have infarct‐limiting effects after MI in both experimental and clinical trials. In this context, various types of MSCs can help cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Furthermore, MSCs could produce paracrine growth factors that increase the survival of nearby cardiomyocytes, as well as increase angiogenesis through recruitment of stem cell from bone marrow or inducing vessel growth from existing capillaries. Recent research suggests that the paracrine effects of MSCs could be mediated by extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) released by MSCs are promising therapeutic hotspot target for MI. This could be attributed to the role of miRNA in cardiac biology, including cardiac regeneration, stem cell differentiation, apoptosis, neovascularization, cardiac contractility and cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, gene‐modified MSCs could be a recent promising therapy for MI to enhance the paracrine effects of MSCs, including better homing and effective cell targeted tissue regeneration. Although MSC therapy has achieved considerable attention and progress, there are critical challenges that remains to be overcome to achieve the most effective successful cell‐based therapy in MI. 相似文献
102.
Amal A. Aloud Chinnadurai Veeramani Mohammed A. Alsaif Ahmed S. El Newehy Khalid S. Al-Numair 《Redox report : communications in free radical research》2017,22(6):290-300
Objective: To examine the effect of galangin on hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of low-dose STZ (40?mg/kg body weight (BW)) into male albino Wistar rats. Galangin (8?mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600?µg/kg BW) was given orally, once daily for 45 days to normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats.Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of plasma glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, and conjugated dienes. The levels of insulin and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione) and the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) were decreased significantly in diabetic control rats. These altered plasma glucose, insulin, lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants ions were reverted to near-normal level after the administration of galangin and glibenclamide.Conclusion: The present study shows that galangin decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant status in diabetic rats, which may be due to its antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. 相似文献
103.
Poor drug solubility and dissolution rate remain to be one of the major problems facing pharmaceutical scientists, with approximately 40% of drugs in the industry categorised as practically insoluble or poorly water soluble. This in turn can lead to serious delivery challenges and poor bioavailability. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of the surfactants, poloxamer 407 (P407) and caprol® PGE 860 (CAP), at various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 3% w/v) on the enhancement of the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drug, naproxen, using in situ micronisation by solvent change method and freeze-drying. The extent at which freeze-drying influences the dissolution rate of naproxen microcrystals is investigated in this study by comparison with desiccant-drying. All formulations were evaluated and characterised using particle size analysis and morphology, in vitro dissolution studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. An increase in poloxamer 407 concentration in freeze-dried formulations led to enhancement of drug dissolution compared to desiccator-dried formulations, naproxen/caprol® PGE 860 formulations and untreated drug. DSC and FT-IR results show no significant chemical interactions between drug and poloxamer 407, with only very small changes to drug crystallinity. On the other hand, caprol® PGE 860 showed some interactions with drug components, alterations to the crystal lattice of naproxen, and poor dissolution profiles using both drying methods, making it a poor choice of excipient. 相似文献
104.
Fungal endophytes: unique plant inhabitants with great promises 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fungal endophytes residing in the internal tissues of living plants occur in almost every plant on earth from the arctic to
the tropics. The endophyte–host relationship is described as a balanced symbiotic continuum ranging from mutualism through
commensalism to parasitism. This overview will highlight selected aspects of endophyte diversity, host specificity, endophyte–host
interaction and communication as well as regulation of secondary metabolite production with emphasis on advanced genomic methods
and their role in improving our current knowledge of endophytic associations. Furthermore, the chemical potential of endophytic
fungi for drug discovery will be discussed with focus on the detection of pharmaceutically valuable plant constituents as
products of fungal biosynthesis. In addition, selected examples of bioactive metabolites reported in recent years (2008–2010)
from fungal endophytes residing in terrestrial plants are presented grouped according to their reported biological activities. 相似文献
105.
Najjar A Robert S Guérin C Violet-Asther M Carrière F 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,89(6):1947-1962
Lipase secretion, extracellular lipolysis, and fatty acid uptake were quantified in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica grown in the presence of olive oil and/or glucose. Specific lipase assays, Western blot analysis, and ELISA indicated that
most of the lipase activity measured in Y. lipolytica cultures resulted from the YLLIP2 lipase. Lipase production was triggered by olive oil and, during the first hours of culture,
most of the lipase activity and YLLIP2 immunodetection remained associated with the yeast cells. YLLIP2 was then released
in the culture medium before it was totally degraded by proteases. Olive oil triglycerides were largely degraded when the
lipase was still attached to the cell wall. The fate of lipolysis products in the culture medium and inside the yeast cell,
as well as lipid storage, was investigated simultaneously by quantitative TLC–FID and GC analysis. The intracellular levels
of free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides increased transiently and were dependent on the carbon sources. A maximum fat
storage of 37.8% w/w of yeast dry mass was observed with olive oil alone. A transient accumulation of saturated FFA was observed whereas intracellular
triglycerides became enriched in unsaturated fatty acids. So far, yeasts have been mainly used for studying the intracellular
synthesis, storage, and mobilization of neutral lipids. The present study shows that yeasts are also interesting models for
studying extracellular lipolysis and fat uptake by the cell. The quantitative data obtained here allow for the first time
to establish interesting analogies with gastrointestinal and vascular lipolysis in humans. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Dutta AK Khimji AK Kresge C Bugde A Dougherty M Esser V Ueno Y Glaser SS Alpini G Rockey DC Feranchak AP 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(1):766-776
Cl(-) channels in the apical membrane of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) provide the driving force for ductular bile formation. Although a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator has been identified in BECs and contributes to secretion via secretin binding basolateral receptors and increasing [cAMP](i), an alternate Cl(-) secretory pathway has been identified that is activated via nucleotides (ATP, UTP) binding apical P2 receptors and increasing [Ca(2+)](i). The molecular identity of this Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel is unknown. The present studies in human, mouse, and rat BECs provide evidence that TMEM16A is the operative channel and contributes to Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) secretion in response to extracellular nucleotides. Furthermore, Cl(-) currents measured from BECs isolated from distinct areas of intrahepatic bile ducts revealed important functional differences. Large BECs, but not small BECs, exhibit cAMP-stimulated Cl(-) currents. However, both large and small BECs express TMEM16A and exhibit Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) efflux in response to extracellular nucleotides. Incubation of polarized BEC monolayers with IL-4 increased TMEM16A protein expression, membrane localization, and transepithelial secretion (I(sc)). These studies represent the first molecular identification of an alternate, noncystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Cl(-) channel in BECs and suggest that TMEM16A may be a potential target to modulate bile formation in the treatment of cholestatic liver disorders. 相似文献
109.
Suaud L Miller K Alvey L Yan W Robay A Kebler C Kreindler JL Guttentag S Hubbard MJ Rubenstein RC 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(24):21239-21253
110.
Fritzler JM Craig TM Elgayar A Plummer C Wilson RS Peterson MJ Zhu G 《The Journal of parasitology》2011,97(4):671-675
The Attwater's prairie chicken (APC; Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Bendire, 1894) has been a federally listed endangered species since 1967. Several captive propagation programs consisting of small populations are being used to keep this species from extinction. Fecal samples were collected from APCs in April 2007 and again in August 2008 from 2 separate captive propagation facilities in Texas after clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed. One Eimeria species was observed (Eimeria attwateri), which we describe as a putative new species. Sporulated oocysts are ellipsoidal, 30.0 × 18.4 (27.4-31.3 × 16.0-22.4) μm. Oocysts have a smooth wall 0.7 μm thick and lack both a micropyle and oocyst residuum, but 1 ellipsoidal polar granule is present, 2.3 × 1.9 (2.1-2.4 × 1.7-2.0) μm. Sporocysts have a nipple-like Stieda body with a rounded opposite end and are 14.0 × 7.1 (10.2-16.8 × 6.0-9.2) μm. The sporocysts contain a sporocyst residuum usually consisting of 2-4 dispersed globules, and each sporozoite contains 2 large posterior spheroid refractile bodies 3.4 μm wide. Nucleotide sequence amplified from the 18S rDNA does not match any DNA sequence information for publicly available Eimeria species, and phylogenetic reconstructions place this species with other eimerians from Galliformes. The discovery of a potentially pathogenic species of Eimeria in captive APCs is of great importance, and managers should be aware of the potential devastating effect(s) this parasite could have on the APC conservation programs. 相似文献