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81.
Adama Gansane Issa Nebie Ouedraogo Noelie Bere Henry Issiaka Soulama Esperance Ouedraogo Jean-Baptiste Yaro Amidou Diarra Sombie Benjamin Amadou Tidiani Konate Alfred Tiono Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(5):644-650
During the season of high malaria transmission, most children are
infected by Plasmodium, which targets red blood cells (RBCs),
affecting haematological parameters. To describe these variations, we examined
the haematological profiles of two groups of children living in a
malaria-endemic area. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the peak of the
malaria transmission season in a rural area of Burkina Faso. After informed
consent and clinical examination, blood samples were obtained from the
participants for malaria diagnosis and a full blood count. Of the 414 children
included in the analysis, 192 were not infected with
Plasmodium, whereas 222 were asymptomatic carriers of
Plasmodium infection. The mean age of the infected children
was 41.8 months (range of 26.4-57.2) compared to 38.8 months (range of
22.4-55.2) for the control group (p = 0.06). The asymptomatic infected children
tended to have a significantly lower mean haemoglobin level (10.8 g/dL vs. 10.4
g/dL; p < 0.001), mean lymphocyte count (4592/µL vs. 5141/µL; p = 0.004),
mean platelet count (266 x 103/µL vs. 385 x 103/µL; p < 0.001) and mean RBC
count (4.388 x 106/µL vs. 4.158 x 106/µL; p < 0.001) and a higher mean
monocyte count (1403/µL vs. 1192/µL; p < 0.001) compared to the control
group. Special attention should be applied when interpreting haematological
parameters and evaluating immune responses in asymptomatic infected children
living in malaria-endemic areas and enrolled in vaccine trials. 相似文献
82.
Jayne Webster Kassoum Kayentao Jane Bruce Sory I. Diawara Amadou Abathina Alhassane Ag Haiballa Ogobara K. Doumbo Jenny Hill 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Introduction
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the health system effectiveness of ANC for the delivery of a dose of IPTp and an ITN to women attending ANC during eligible gestation, and to identify the predictors of systems effectiveness.Methods
A cross sectional study was undertaken in 10 health facilities including structured non-participant observations of the ANC process for 780 pregnant women followed by exit interviews. The proportion of pregnant women receiving a dose of IPTp-SP and an ITN was assessed. Predictors of each ineffective intermediate process were identified using multivariable logistic regression.Results
Overall, 0% and 24.5% of pregnant women of eligible gestation on the first visit to ANC received a dose of IPTp-SP by DOT at the district and community levels respectively. Ineffective intermediate processes were ‘given IPTp-SP at the ANC’ 63.9% and 74.0% (95% CI 62.0, 83.3), and ‘given IPTp-SP by DOT’ 0% and 34.3% (95% CI 10.5, 69.8), at district and community levels, respectively. Delivery of ITNs was effective where they were in stock; however stock-outs were a problem. Predictors of receiving IPTp-SP at the district level were 4 to 6 months gestation, not reporting symptoms of malaria at ANC visit and the amount of money spent during the visit. At the community level, the predictors were 4 to 6 months gestation, maternal education below primary level, routine ANC visit (not for an illness), palpation of the abdomen, and expenditure of money in ANC.Conclusion
In Segou District, the delivery of IPTp-SP was ineffective; whilst ITN delivery was effective if ITNs were in stock. Predictors of receiving IPTp-SP at the district and community levels included gestational age, the amount of expenditure during the ANC visit and no illness. 相似文献83.
Mamounata?Diao Nafissétou?Ouédraogo Lamine?Baba-Moussa Paul?W.?Savadogo Amani?G.?N’Guessan Imael?H.?N.?Bassolé Mamoudou?H.?DickoEmail author 《Biodegradation》2011,22(2):389-396
This study deals with the use of peroxidases (POXs) from Allium sativum, Ipomoea batatas, Raphanus sativus and Sorghum bicolor to catalyze the degradation of free phenolic compounds as well as phenolic compounds contained in wastewater from leather
industry. Secretory plant POXs were able to catalyze the oxidation of gallic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol
and 1,4-tyrosol prepared in ethanol 2% (v:v). Efficiency of peroxidase catalysis depends strongly on the chemical nature of phenolic substrates and on the botanical source
of the enzymes. It appeared that POX from Raphanus sativus had the highest efficiency. Results show that POXs can also remove phenolic compounds present in industrial wastewater such
as leather industry. Removal of phenolic compounds in wastewater from leather industry by POX was significantly enhanced by
polyethylene glycol. 相似文献
84.
Nabil Amor Sarra Farjallah Mohamed Salem Dia Mamadou Lamine Paolo Merella Khaled Said Badreddine Ben Slimane 《Experimental parasitology》2011,129(2):127-136
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) is considered the most important helminth infection of ruminants in tropical countries, causing considerable socioeconomic problems. From Africa, F. gigantica has been previously characterized from Burkina Faso, Senegal, Kenya, Zambia and Mali, while F. hepatica has been reported from Morocco and Tunisia, and both species have been observed from Ethiopia and Egypt on the basis of morphometric differences, while the use of molecular markers is necessary to distinguish exactly between species. Samples identified morphologically as F. gigantica (n = 60) from sheep and cattle from different geographical localities of Mauritania were genetically characterized by sequences of the first (ITS-1), the 5.8S, and second (ITS-2) Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes and the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI) gene.Comparison of the sequences of the Mauritanian samples with sequences of Fasciola spp. from GenBank confirmed that all samples belong to the species F. gigantica. The nucleotide sequencing of ITS rDNA of F. gigantica showed no nucleotide variation in the ITS-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2 rDNA sequences among all samples examined and those from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Egypt and Iran. The phylogenetic trees based on the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences showed a close relationship of the Mauritanian samples with isolates of F. gigantica from different localities of Africa and Asia. The COI genotypes of the Mauritanian specimens of F. gigantica had a high level of diversity, and they belonged to the F. gigantica phylogenically distinguishable clade. The present study is the first molecular characterization of F. gigantica in sheep and cattle from Mauritania, allowing a reliable approach for the genetic differentiation of Fasciola spp. and providing basis for further studies on liver flukes in the African countries. 相似文献
85.
Stowe DF Camara AK Heisner JS Aldakkak M Harder DR 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2007,293(1):H895-H901
There is no suitable solution to preserve hearts for longer than 5 h between donor explant and recipient implant. Lifor is a fully artificial preservation medium containing both a nonprotein oxygen and nutrient carrier (nanoparticles) and cellular nutrients, including amino acids and sugars. We proposed that recirculated Lifor solution would satisfactorily preserve guinea pig isolated hearts perfused at low flow with no added O(2) at room temperature for 10 h. Hearts were isolated from 21 guinea pigs and perfused with Krebs-Ringer (KR) solution (97% O(2) and 3% CO(2)) at 37 degrees C. Heart rate, inflow and outflow O(2) tension, coronary flow, left ventricular pressure (LVP), and maximal and minimal rate of change in LVP (dLVP/dt) were measured. After baseline measurements, hearts were perfused with recirculated Lifor or ViaSpan equilibrated with room air at 15% of control flow at 26 degrees C for 10 h. Hearts were then perfused at 100% flow with KR for 2 h at 37 degrees C. A time control (untreated) group was perfused only with KR solution for 15 h. Lifor arrested and protected hearts against diastolic contracture and maintained a low O(2) extraction. Compared with time controls, Lifor led to a higher developed LVP and coronary flow; %O(2) extraction and cardiac efficiency were similar between these two groups. Hearts similarly treated with ViaSpan exhibited diastolic contracture and lower %O(2) extraction during treatment and, upon reperfusion with KR, exhibited continued diastolic contracture, no return of heart rate or contractility, low coronary flow, low %O(2) extraction, and marked infarction. For long-term cardiac protection, a suitable preservation solution recirculated at low flow and room temperature without supplemental O(2) would reduce the support apparatus required for transport. Lifor was far superior to ViaSpan in meeting these requirements. 相似文献
86.
Adélaïde Saint-Léger Melanie Koelblen Livia Civitelli Amadou Bah Nadir Djerbi Marie-Josèphe Giraud-Panis 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2014,13(15):2469-2474
The stability of mammalian telomeres depends upon TRF2, which prevents inappropriate repair and checkpoint activation. By using a plasmid integration assay in yeasts carrying humanized telomeres, we demonstrated that TRF2 possesses the intrinsic property to both stimulate initial homologous recombination events and to prevent their resolution via its basic N-terminal domain. In human cells, we further showed that this TRF2 domain prevents telomere shortening mediated by the resolvase-associated protein SLX4 as well as GEN1 and MUS81, 2 different types of endonucleases with resolvase activities. We propose that various types of resolvase activities are kept in check by the basic N-terminal domain of TRF2 in order to favor an accurate repair of the stalled forks that occur during telomere replication. 相似文献
87.
88.
The role of mechanical vectors in the transmission of African livestock trypanosomes has always been controversial relative to tsetse flies, their cyclical vectors. An experiment was carried out in Burkina Faso to demonstrate mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by one of the most common tabanids in Africa: Atylotus agrestis. Eight heifers (crossbred zebuxBaoulé), free of trypanosome infection, were kept in a corral covered by a mosquito net, together with two heifers infected experimentally with a local stock of T. vivax. On average, 324 A. agrestis, freshly captured with Nzi traps, were introduced daily over 20 days. Parasitological, PCR and serological examinations were carried out regularly to assess infections and levels of parasitaemia. Microscopic examination of buffy-coats indicated that five of the eight receiver-heifers were infected on days 8, 13, 32, 41, and 48. PCR results indicated that these five heifers were already infected by day 13. Mechanical transmission of T. vivax by A. agrestis was demonstrated unequivocally, at a high rate (63% in 13-20 days). Conditions of transmission in this experiment are discussed in terms of natural rates of challenge. The importance of tabanids as mechanical vectors of T. vivax should be re-considered, in light of these results. Creation of tsetse free zones in Africa will generally lead to the disappearance of T. congolense, T. brucei, and most often T. vivax as well; however, in areas where T. vivax can be mechanically transmitted, clearance of tsetse may not be sufficient to eradicate livestock trypanosomosis. 相似文献
89.
Housseini Dolo Yaya I. Coulibaly Benoit Dembele Siaka Konate Siaka Y. Coulibaly Salif S. Doumbia Abdallah A. Diallo Lamine Soumaoro Michel E. Coulibaly Seidina A. S. Diakite Aldiouma Guindo Michael P. Fay Simon Metenou Thomas B. Nutman Amy D. Klion 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(11)
Background
Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) and Mansonella perstans (Mp) are blood-borne filarial parasites that are endemic in many countries of Africa, including Mali. The geographic distribution of Wb and Mp overlaps considerably with that of malaria, and coinfection is common. Although chronic filarial infection has been shown to alter immune responses to malaria parasites, its effect on clinical and immunologic responses in acute malaria is unknown.Methodology/Principal Findings
To address this question, 31 filaria-positive (FIL+) and 31 filaria-negative (FIL−) children and young adults, matched for age, gender and hemoglobin type, were followed prospectively through a malaria transmission season. Filarial infection was defined by the presence of Wb or Mp microfilariae on calibrated thick smears performed between 10 pm and 2 am and/or by the presence of circulating filarial antigen in serum. Clinical malaria was defined as axillary temperature ≥37.5°C or another symptom or sign compatible with malaria infection plus the presence of asexual malaria parasites on a thick blood smear. Although the incidence of clinical malaria, time to first episode, clinical signs and symptoms, and malaria parasitemia were comparable between the two groups, geometric mean hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased in FIL− subjects at the height of the transmission season compared to FIL+ subjects (11.4 g/dL vs. 12.5 g/dL, p<0.01). Plasma levels of IL-1ra, IP-10 and IL-8 were significantly decreased in FIL+ subjects at the time of presentation with clinical malaria (99, 2145 and 49 pg/ml, respectively as compared to 474, 5522 and 247 pg/ml in FIL− subjects).Conclusions/Significance
These data suggest that pre-existent filarial infection attenuates immune responses associated with severe malaria and protects against anemia, but has little effect on susceptibility to or severity of acute malaria infection. The apparent protective effect of filarial infection against anemia is intriguing and warrants further study in a larger cohort. 相似文献90.
Valérie Briand Alexandre Dumont Michal Abrahamowicz Amadou Sow Mamadou Traore Patrick Rozenberg Laurence Watier Pierre Fournier 《PloS one》2012,7(10)